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- Pettersson, Gösta, et al.
(author)
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On the regulatory significance of inhibitors acting on non‐equilibrium enzymes in the Calvin photosynthesis cycle
- 1989
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In: European Journal of Biochemistry. - : Wiley. - 0014-2956 .- 1432-1033. ; 182:2, s. 373-377
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Control analyses and kinetic model studies have been performed in order to obtain quantitative information on the regulatory significance of 12 experimentally well‐documented inhibitory interactions of Calvin cycle intermediates with the four non‐equilibrium cycle enzymes. Evidence is presented to show that none of these interactions contributes significantly to the cycle flux control over the range of external orthophosphate concentrations where the reaction cycle shows close to optimal activity. Contrary to what has been generally supposed, the examined inhibitions appear to be of little interest for our understanding of the biological regulation of the Calvin photosynthesis cycle under conditions of light and carbon dioxide saturation.
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| 4. |
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Biosensors : Fundamentals and Applications
- 1987. - 1
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Editorial collection (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This truly interdisciplinary work is the first substantial and comprehensive book to describe the biosensor, an important new technology combining the specificity and sensitivity of biological systems with the computing capabilities of the micro-processor. Biosensors hold enormous potential: they can monitor personal health and fitness, the food we eat, and our environment. They can replace the large analytical facilities of industrial and health services with cheap and simple devices anyone can use. This book discusses the large variety of biosensors, their current capabilities, and their present and future applications. The contributors come from a wide range of disciplines reflecting many differences in opinion and approach. The work will be essential reading for scientists in physics, chemistry, and biology, as well as engineers in medicine, electronics, and industry.
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| 6. |
- Ingemarson, Rolf, 1954-
(author)
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Herpes simplex ribonucleotide reductase
- 1989
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In all bacterial, plant and animal cells, as well as in many viruses, genetic information resides in DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Replication of DNA is essential for proliferation, and DNA-containing viruses (such as herpesviruses) must carry out this process within the mammalian cells they infect. The enzyme ribonucleotide reductase catalyzes the first unique step leading to the production of the four deoxy-ribonucleotides used to make DNA. Each deoxyribonucleotide is produced by reduction of the corresponding ribonucleotide. After infection of a mammalian cell with herpes simplex virus (HSV) a new ribonucleotide reductase activity appears, which is distinct from the mammalian enzyme activity. This is due to induction of a separate, virally-encoded ribonucleotide reductase. Two monoclonal antibodies were raised against HSV (type 1) ribonucleotide reductase, and were found to bind but not neutralize its enzyme activity. One antibody recognized a larger (140 kD) protein and the other a smaller (40 kD) protein, suggesting the HSV 1 ribonucleotide reductase had a heterodimeric composition similar to that found in many other organisms. The 140 kD protein was sequentially degraded to 110 kD, 93 kD and 81 kD proteins by a host (Vero) cell-specific serine protease. Of these different proteolytic products, at least the 93 kD residue was enzymatically active, suggesting that part of the 140 kD protein may have functions unrelated to ribonucleotide reduction. The 140 and 40 kD proteins bound tightly to each other in a complex of the a2ß2 type, as shown by analytical glycerol gradient centrifugation. An assay system for functional small and large subunits of HSV 1 ribonucleotide reductase was developed, using two temperaturesensitive mutant viruses, defective in either the large (tsl207) or small (tsl222) subunits. Active holoenzyme was reconstituted both in vitro, by mixing extracts from cells infected with either mutant, and in vivo by coinfection of cells with both mutants. The gene encoding the small subunit of HSV 1 ribonucleotide reductase was cloned into an expression plasmid under control of a tac promoter. The recombinant protein was purified to homogeneity from extracts of transfected E. coli, and was active when combined with large subunit, as provided by extracts of tsl222- infected hamster (BHK) cells. The protein contained a novel tyrosyl free radical that spectroscopically resembled, but was distinguishable from, the active-site free radical found in either the E. coli or mammalian small subunits of ribonucleotide reductase. The gene encoding the large subunit of HSV 1 ribonucleotide reductase was also expressed in E. coli, using similar techniques. The recombinant large subunit was immunoprecipitated from extracts of transfected bacteria, and showed weak activity when combined with small subunit, provided by extracts of tsl20-infected hamster (BHK) cells.
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| 7. |
- Palm, Ragnar, 1944-
(author)
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Zinc in cerebrospinal fluid and serum in some neurological diseases
- 1982
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The trace elements zinc and copper are essential components of many enzymes, some of which are of importance for the development and function of the central nervous system. Deficiency of the metals has been shown to lead to malformations and to the loss of myelin in animals.Earlier reports of zinc concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid are few and the results variable. In multiple sclerosis and in epilepsy therapy with phenytoin there are varying reports of changes in serum concentrations of zinc and copper. A method was developed for the determination of zinc in cerebrospinal fluid by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry utilizing a pulse nebulizer technique. Zinc and copper in serum were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry with conti nous aspiration.The normal concentrations of zinc in cerebrospi nal fluid was 0.16_+0.03 micromoles per litre (mean +_ S.D.). The zinc concentrations were correlated with protein and albumin concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid but not with the serum zinc levels. In the patients with increased protein concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid or with subarachnoid haemorrhage increased zinc levels were found.In 50 patients with multiple sclerosis lower serum concentrations of zinc were found compared to age and sex matched controls. In younger patients low serum levels of copper were also observed. There was no correlation between zinc and protein parameters in the cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients.In untreated epileptic males low serum zinc concentrations were observed. During the first 72 hours of phenytoin therapy increased serum concentrations of zinc and copper were found. during long-term therapy with phenytoin alone or in combination with other antiepileptic drugs there was an increased serum concentration of copper and ceruloplasmin but no change in zinc concentration compared with controls.
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