1.
2.
Chatterjee, Bapi, 1982
(author)
Lock-free Concurrent Search
2017
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic) abstract
The contemporary computers typically consist of multiple computing cores with high compute power. Such computers make excellent concurrent asynchronous shared memory system. On the other hand, though many celebrated books on data structure and algorithm provide a comprehensive study of sequential search data structures, unfortunately, we do not have such a luxury if concurrency comes in the setting. The present dissertation aims to address this paucity. We describe novel lock-free algorithms for concurrent data structures that target a variety of search problems. (i) Point search (membership query, predecessor query, nearest neighbour query) for 1-dimensional data: Lock-free linked-list; lock-free internal and external binary search trees (BST). (ii) Range search for 1-dimensional data: A range search method for lock-free ordered set data structures - linked-list, skip-list and BST. (iii) Point search for multi-dimensional data: Lock-free kD-tree, specially, a generic method for nearest neighbour search. We prove that the presented algorithms are linearizable i.e. the concurrent data structure operations intuitively display their sequential behaviour to an observer of the concurrent system. The lock-freedom in the introduced algorithms guarantee overall progress in an asynchronous shared memory system. We present the amortized analysis of lock-free data structures to show their efficiency. Moreover, we provide sample implementations of the algorithms and test them over extensive micro-benchmarks. Our experiments demonstrate that the implementations are scalable and perform well when compared to related existing alternative implementations on common multi-core computers. Our focus is on propounding the generic methodologies for efficient lock-free concurrent search. In this direction, we present the notion of help-optimality, which captures the optimization of amortized step complexity of the operations. In addition to that, we explore the language-portable design of lock-free data structures that aims to simplify an implementation from programmer’s point of view. Finally, our techniques to implement lock-free linearizable range search and nearest neighbour search are independent of the underlying data structures and thus are adaptive to similar data structures.
3.
Wilhelmsson, Kenneth, 1976
(author)
Huvudansatser för parsningsmetoder. Om programutvecklingens förutsättningar i en svensk kontext
2016
Reports (other academic/artistic) abstract
Syftet med denna text var att ge en inblick i området (syntaktisk) parsning. Tanken var att ge en bild av utvecklingen som var 1) fri från alltför tekniska detaljer, då området är programmeringstekniskt, och 2) beskriven ur ett svenskt perspektiv. Bakgrunden till valet av ämne till texten, som var tänkt att finnas med i antologin Text och kontext, var att parsning är relativt okänt för många personer verksamma inom närliggande områden, samtidigt som det är ett absolut nyckelbegrepp för den som ägnar sig åt datorlingvistik eller språkteknologi. Målet var alltså att ge en ganska allmän utifrånblick på några centrala sidor av utvecklingen, samtidigt som det tydligt är så att den som själv arbetat med utveckling kan ha starka åsikter och preferenser rörande metodval, något som i ärlighetens namn kanske inte heller denna text är lösgjord från. Hur ska det göras? Konsten att utveckla automatisk syntaxanalys av naturlig text kan läras ut från ett flertal perspektiv. Det kan t.ex. ske med fokus på användandet av en viss grammatikformalism, med fokus på beräkningssnabbhet, med fokus på entydiggörande av möjliga ambiguiteter. Tolkningsval kan göras med hjälp av antingen handskrivna regler eller inhämtad statistik. En sorts huvudtema i denna text är hur metoder för parsning på senare år uppvisar förändringar som kanske kan förklaras med att programmen har fått andra användningsområden och att metoderna har anpassats därefter (en annan tolkning är att flera senare system inte längre gör parsning i strikt mening). När detta tänkta ”kapitel” var färdigt fick det kommentaren att det inte var anpassat för antologins målgrupp. Det fick skrivas en annan kapiteltext, men det kom samtidigt ett förslag att publicera texten om parsning här som denna rapport.
4.
Wilhelmsson, Kenneth, 1976
(author)
Autentiska och artificiella frågor till svensk text Automatisk frågegenerering jämfört med användares frågor för informationsåtkomst : Authentic and artificial questions to Swedish text Automatically generated questions versus user-generated questions for information access
2015
Other publication (other academic/artistic) abstract
Informationssökning mot ostrukturerade datakällor som fri text är ett av de områden där användargränssnitt med fri formulering i naturligt språk har tagits fram. I ett sådant, eventuellt AI-betonat, system kan några grundläggande svårigheter från användarperspektivet märkas. En sådan svårighet är att en användare inte känner till huruvida en fråga som hon avser att ställa egentligen kan besvaras av den aktuella texten. Denna svårighet, tillsammans med andra, som de kraftiga variationsmöjligheterna för formen för ett giltigt svar på en ställd fråga, riskerar att leda till att användarintrycken av systemtypen blir negativa. De moment som behöver ingå i ett sådant frågebaserat informationssystems funktionssätt måste på något sätt inbegripa en mappning av frågeled i frågan (t.ex. när) till den form och grammatisk funktion som svaret i texten måste ha (för frågan när normalt ett tidsadverbial). Bland annat denna iakttagelse inbjuder till användning av automatisk frågegenerering (question generation, QG). Frågegenerering innebär att frågor som en naturlig text besvarar initialt utvinns av ett program som samlar in dem i explicit form. Tanken för användning i informationssökning är att en användare i gränssnittet enbart ska kunna ställa just dessa frågor, vilka faktiskt besvaras av texten. Denna studie gäller just de frågor som ett automatiskt frågegenereringssystem för svenska kan, och genom vidare utveckling, skulle kunna generera för godtycklig digital svensk text. Även om mängden automatiskt genererade frågor och frågeformuleringar kan bli mycket stor, utrymmesmässigt många gånger större än ursprungstexten, så är det tydligt att den beskrivna metoden för frågegenerering för svenska inte kan och troligen inte heller kommer att kunna förmås att skapa alla de frågor och frågeformuleringar som en vanlig användare skulle anse att en viss text besvarar. Men hur väl fungerar då automatiskt genererade frågor i detta sammanhang? Denna uppsats kretsar kring en användarundersökning där undersökningsdeltagare har ombetts att formulera frågor som texter besvarar, och som anses vara relevanta frågor. Den resulterande samlingen frågor undersöktes och kategoriserades. Resultatet av undersökningens huvudfråga visar att bara 20-25 % av användarnas frågeformuleringar skulle kunna genereras direkt automatiskt med aktuell ansats – utan vissa informationstekniska förbättringar. Uppsatsen föreslår viss ny terminologi för detta outforskade område, bl.a. för att skilja mellan de olika grader av processkrav som generering av olika frågeslag från text kräver.
5.
Yun, Yixiao, 1987, et al.
(author)
Maximum-Likelihood Object Tracking from Multi-View Video by Combining Homography and Epipolar Constraints
2012
In: 6th ACM/IEEE Int'l Conf on Distributed Smart Cameras (ICDSC 12), Oct 30 - Nov.2, 2012, Hong Kong. - 9781450317726 ; , s. 6 pages-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed) abstract
This paper addresses problem of object tracking in occlusion scenarios, where multiple uncalibrated cameras with overlapping fields of view are used. We propose a novel method where tracking is first done independently for each view and then tracking results are mapped between each pair of views to improve the tracking in individual views, under the assumptions that objects are not occluded in all views and move uprightly on a planar ground which may induce a homography relation between each pair of views. The tracking results are mapped by jointly exploiting the geometric constraints of homography, epipolar and vertical vanishing point. Main contributions of this paper include: (a) formulate a reference model of multi-view object appearance using region covariance for each view; (b) define a likelihood measure based on geodesics on a Riemannian manifold that is consistent with the destination view by mapping both the estimated positions and appearances of tracked object from other views; (c) locate object in each individual view based on maximum likelihood criterion from multi-view estimations of object position. Experiments have been conducted on videos from multiple uncalibrated cameras, where targets experience long-term partial or full occlusions. Comparison with two existing methods and performance evaluations are also made. Test results have shown effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of robustness against tracking drifts caused by occlusions.
6.
Perjons, Erik, 1959-, et al.
(author)
A Value and Model Driven Method for Patient Oriented KPI Design in Health Care
2011
In: Biomedical Engineering Systems and Technologies. - : Springer. - 9783642184710 ; , s. 123-137
Conference paper (peer-reviewed) abstract
In all societies, large resources are spent on health care. However, service quality is still unsatisfactory in large parts of the health care sector. One reason for this state of affairs is the complexity of health care organisations, which make them difficult to govern. Furthermore, due to the high degree of specialisation, health care organisations often need to cooperate, which adds to the complexity. One possible way to improve the cooperation and management of health care organisations is the use of performance management, which is a management approach aiming at optimising the performance of an organisation. The main instrument in performance management is the use of Key Performance Indicators (KPI), which measure how well an organisation fulfills its goals. Designing effective KPIs is a complex and time consuming task that requires substantial efforts. Therefore, there is a need for methods that support organisations in designing KPIs. This paper proposes a value and model driven method for identifying patient oriented KPIs.
7.
Grünloh, Christiane, 1980-, et al.
(author)
"why do they need to check me?" patient participation through ehealth and the doctor-patient relationship : Qualitative study
2018
In: Journal of Medical Internet Research. - : J M I R Publications, Inc.. - 1438-8871. ; 20:1
Journal article (peer-reviewed) abstract
Background: Roles in the doctor-patient relationship are changing and patient participation in health care is increasingly emphasized. Electronic health (eHealth) services such as patient accessible electronic health records (PAEHRs) have been implemented to support patient participation. Little is known about practical use of PAEHR and its effect on roles of doctors and patients. Objective: This qualitative study aimed to investigate how physicians view the idea of patient participation, in particular in relation to the PAEHR system. Hereby, the paper aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of physicians' constructions of PAEHR, roles in the doctor-patient relationship, and levels and limits of involvement. Methods: A total of 12 semistructured interviews were conducted with physicians in different fields. Interviews were transcribed, translated, and a theoretically informed thematic analysis was performed. Results: Two important aspects were identified that are related to the doctor-patient relationship: roles and involvement. The physicians viewed their role as being the ones to take on the responsibility, determining treatment options, and to be someone who should be trusted. In relation to the patient's role, lack of skills (technical or regarding medical jargon), motives to read, and patients' characteristics were aspects identified in the interviews. Patients were often referred to as static entities disregarding their potential to develop skills and knowledge over time. Involvement captures aspects that support or hinder patients to take an active role in their care. Conclusions: Literature of at least two decades suggests an overall agreement that the paternalistic approach in health care is inappropriate, and a collaborative process with patients should be adopted. Although the physicians in this study stated that they, in principle, were in favor of patient participation, the analysis found little support in their descriptions of their daily practice that participation is actualized. As seen from the results, paternalistic practices are still present, even if professionals might not be aware of this. This can create a conflict between patients who strive to become more informed and their questions being interpreted as signs of critique and mistrust toward the physician. We thus believe that the full potential of PAEHRs is not reached yet and argue that the concept of patient empowerment is problematic as it triggers an interpretation of "power" in health care as a zero-sum, which is not helpful for the maintenance of the relationship between the actors. Patient involvement is often discussed merely in relation to decision making; however, this study emphasizes the need to include also sensemaking and learning activities. This would provide an alternative understanding of patients asking questions, not in terms of "monitoring the doctor" but to make sense of the situation.
8.
Henkel, Martin, 1977-, et al.
(author)
E-Service Requirements from a Consumer-ProcessPerspective
2011
In: Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality. - : Springer. - 9783642141911 ; , s. 121-135
Conference paper (peer-reviewed) abstract
[Context and motivation] When designing e-services it is important that they fit smoothly into the service consumers’ business processes. If the e-services do not fit there is a risk that they will not be used by the consumers; the investment and effort to use the e-services might be too high. [Question/ problem] In this paper, we aim at describing an approach for analysing requirements on e-services from the service consumers’ perspective. [Principal ideas/result] The approach supports the identification and analysis of problems that e-services can cause in consumers’ business processes. The presented approach is also supporting identification of tentative solutions such as changes in the e-services, business processes, IT systems or legal regulations [Contribution] The approach contributes to the area of e-service requirements analysis by taking a consumer and process centric perspective. The approach is grounded in and illustrated by a case at the Swedish Tax Agency.
9.
Memedi, Mevludin, 1983-, et al.
(author)
Automatic Spiral Analysis for Objective Assessment of Motor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease
2015
In: Sensors. - : MDPI AG. - 1424-8220. ; 15:9, s. 23727-23744
Journal article (peer-reviewed) abstract
A challenge for the clinical management of advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) patients is the emergence of fluctuations in motor performance, which represents a significant source of disability during activities of daily living of the patients. There is a lack of objective measurement of treatment effects for in-clinic and at-home use that can provide an overview of the treatment response. The objective of this paper was to develop a method for objective quantification of advanced PD motor symptoms related to off episodes and peak dose dyskinesia, using spiral data gathered by a touch screen telemetry device. More specifically, the aim was to objectively characterize motor symptoms (bradykinesia and dyskinesia), to help in automating the process of visual interpretation of movement anomalies in spirals as rated by movement disorder specialists. Digitized upper limb movement data of 65 advanced PD patients and 10 healthy (HE) subjects were recorded as they performed spiral drawing tasks on a touch screen device in their home environment settings. Several spatiotemporal features were extracted from the time series and used as inputs to machine learning methods. The methods were validated against ratings on animated spirals scored by four movement disorder specialists who visually assessed a set of kinematic features and the motor symptom. The ability of the method to discriminate between PD patients and HE subjects and the test-retest reliability of the computed scores were also evaluated. Computed scores correlated well with mean visual ratings of individual kinematic features. The best performing classifier (Multilayer Perceptron) classified the motor symptom (bradykinesia or dyskinesia) with an accuracy of 84% and area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.86 in relation to visual classifications of the raters. In addition, the method provided high discriminating power when distinguishing between PD patients and HE subjects as well as had good test-retest reliability. This study demonstrated the potential of using digital spiral analysis for objective quantification of PD-specific and/or treatment-induced motor symptoms.
10.
Lu, Zhihan, et al.
(author)
Multimodal Hand and Foot Gesture Interaction for Handheld Devices
2014
In: ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMCCAP). - : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 1551-6857 .- 1551-6865. ; 11:1
Journal article (peer-reviewed) abstract
We present a hand-and-foot-based multimodal interaction approach for handheld devices. Our method combines input modalities (i.e., hand and foot) and provides a coordinated output to both modalities along with audio and video. Human foot gesture is detected and tracked using contour-based template detection (CTD) and Tracking-Learning-Detection (TLD) algorithm. 3D foot pose is estimated from passive homography matrix of the camera. 3D stereoscopic and vibrotactile are used to enhance the immersive feeling. We developed a multimodal football game based on the multimodal approach as a proof-of-concept. We confirm our systems user satisfaction through a user study.
