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- Pålsson Syll, Lars
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Utility Theory and Structural Analysis. Essays in the History of Swedish Economic Thought.
- 1997
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The first paper in this study is "Cassel and Revealed Preference Theory." The background to the paper is the general agreement that P. Samuelson originated the revealed preference theory of consumer behaviuor in 1938, but that there has not been such unanimous consent regarding possible precursors of the theory. Among those pointed to as predecessors is Cassel. This claim is, however, not so easy to establish. I evaluate the pros and cons of considering Cassel a forerunner of revealed preference theoryThe second paper is "Wicksell on Harmony Economics: The Lausanne School vs. Wicksell." It depicts the evolution of Wicksell's critique of the Lausanne School version of harmony economics. The paper shows that the difference of ideas hinged to a large extent on contrary views of the possibilities of making interpersonal comparisons of utility and dissimilar general social and political philosophies. It also shows that Wicksell was correct in criticizing Walras and Pareto for making unsubstantiated claims about the properties and outcomes of free competition.The third paper is "Myrdal's Immanent Critique of Utility Theory." During the time-period when Gunnar Myrdal still considered himself a 'pure economic theorist', one of his main interests was to criticize utility theory. The paper, partly based on some previously unpublished material, describes and posits this critique.The fourth paper, "The Structural Analytical Tradition In Swedish Economics," is the first more thorough study and analysis of the structure-theoretical tradition in Swedish economics. Since the 1970s, comprehensive research on the structural features of the economy has been conducted in Lund. Reference is often made to Knut Wicksell and to the forerunners of the so-called Lund School, mainly Johan Åkerman, Erik Dahmén and Ingvar Svennilson. The article is an attempt to portrait these power sources of the structure analytical school. The paper also presents the work now being done within the tradition in Lund and elsewhere in Sweden.
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- Ringmar, Richard
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Gästriklands bergsmän, Kronan och handelskapitalet : Aktörer och institutionella spelregler i bergsmansbruket, 1650-1870
- 1999
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This investigation was originally based on the family archives of the bergsmän (iron producing peasants) in the parishes of Torskåer and Ovansjö in south-west Gästrikland. They gave an insight into a rather unknown proto-industry, run since medieval times by peasant households and flourishing in the 18th and 19th centuries. To understand the proper background more material had to be brought from other sources. In Early Modern times, Sweden played a significant role in the supply of wrought iron in Western Europe. The production, ordered by the Crown, was in three stages: first the bergsmän mined and blast-furnaced the iron, then the ironmasters forged it, and last the ironmerchants shipped the finished product. But in the county of Gästrikland the bergsmän succeeded in maintaining their pig-iron as well as bar-iron production, in spite of keen competition from the ironmasters, and sold it to the ironmerchants in the town of Gävle, 50 to 80 kilometres away. In this way some could make a substantial living, but others were driven into debt by mortgage loans, resulting in a significant economic differentiation among the bergsmän. In the 17th century, when Sweden appeared on the North European market, the bar-ironproduction in Gästrikland was strongly increased by the appearance of Scottish, Dutch andSwedish merchants investing in iron works and iron trade. Throughout the 18th century thebergsmän could keep some 20% of the bar-iron production in the county for themselves up to the mid-19th century, thanks to the fact that their marketing was managed by the merchants of Gävle. Starting in the 18th century many socio-economic conflicts arose between peasants and masters, especially over the interpretation of the institutional framework and the production and furnishing of charcoal. The Crown tried to clear up such conflicts, while the peasants benefited, thus gaining social status and self-esteem. From 1810 the institutional rules of the Crown were gradually liberalised, and merchant capital could start to penetrate the peasants' iron works and forests. Thus around 1870 the peasants' iron works were gone and the peasants changed to fulltime farming or to work in forests or new industries.
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