| 1. |
- Liu, Yuanhua, 1971, et al.
(author)
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Considering the importance of user profiles in interface design
- 2009
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In: User Interfaces. ; , s. 23-
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- User profile is a popular term widely employed during product design processes by industrial companies. Such a profile is normally intended to represent real users of a product. The ultimate purpose of a user profile is actually to help designers to recognize or learn about the real user by presenting them with a description of a real user’s attributes, for instance; the user’s gender, age, educational level, attitude, technical needs and skill level. The aim of this chapter is to provide information on the current knowledge and research about user profile issues, as well as to emphasize the importance of considering these issues in interface design. In this chapter, we mainly focus on how users’ difference in expertise affects their performance or activity in various interaction contexts. Considering the complex interaction situations in practice, novice and expert users’ interactions with medical user interfaces of different technical complexity will be analyzed as examples: one focuses on novice and expert users’ difference when interacting with simple medical interfaces, and the other focuses on differences when interacting with complex medical interfaces. Four issues will be analyzed and discussed: (1) how novice and expert users differ in terms of performance during the interaction; (2) how novice and expert users differ in the perspective of cognitive mental models during the interaction; (3) how novice and expert users should be defined in practice; and (4) what are the main differences between novice and expert users’ implications for interface design. Besides describing the effect of users’ expertise difference during the interface design process, we will also pinpoint some potential problems for the research on interface design, as well as some future challenges that academic researchers and industrial engineers should face in practice.
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| 2. |
- Högberg, Dan
(author)
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Ergonomics Integration and User Diversity in Product
- 2005
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Concideration of products' ergonomic qualitys is one important component for successful product developement. Product designers engaged in the core activity of product developement need methods that support the consideration of ergonomics along with other product requirements. this thesis aims to adress these needs. The first part of the thesis investigates how people working within product developement organisations communicate with and about users of their products. The general need for methods to support communication of user aspects in product development is indentified trough formal interviews whith product developers and a review of the management, ergonomics and design litterature. The second part of the thesis studies the factors wich affect th integration of ergonomics in product design. Supportive methods, including User Characters, for evoking user concideration among designers together with Overlapping methods fos scheduling ergonomics evaluation in product design processes are introduced and argued. The third part of the thesis reviews an discusses computer aided ergonomics as a mens for integration of ergonomics in product design. A web-based support system for effective employment of human simulation tools is developed using a participativa approach and evaluated based on the system's usability. The objective of the fourt part of the thesis is to study how human simulation tool can aid designers' consideration of human diversity to accomodate users of diverse anthropometric characteristics in multivariate design problems such as automobile cockpits. The work involves the evaluation off different approaches for th egeneration of specific manikin families wich can be used as test groups for fitting trials in the virtual design process. The research demonstrates enchantments in design methodology knowledge to support integration of ergonomics in design product processes with a focus on anthopometric diversity in vehicledesign.
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| 3. |
- Karltun Erlandsson, Anette, 1956-
(author)
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Forskarstött förändringsarbete i själva verket : Att förbättra arbetssituationen för 15 000 brevbärare
- 2007
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Denna avhandling belyser forskarstött förändringsarbete, inom ”Servicenätet Posten”, den division inom Posten Sverige AB som ansvarar för postdistribution till kunderna. Förändringsarbetet har handlat om att förbättra arbetssituationen för 15 000 brevbärare.Den teoretiska grunden utgörs av ett systemtänkande där konceptet ”Människa-Teknik-Organisation” (MTO), används för att granska interventionsprocessen.Det övergripande syftet med denna avhandling är att bidra till kunskapsutveckling-en om forskarstött förändringsarbete utifrån följande delsyften: 1) att illustrera hur ett systemtänkande i förändringsarbete påverkar förståelsen för hur systemkomponenterna Människa, Teknik och Organisation (MTO) interagerar i praktiken, 2) att exemplifiera hur den kunskapen kan omsättas i praktiken genom utveckling och implementering av MTO-anpassade lösningar i samverkan mellan forskare och praktiker, 3) att empiriskt exemplifiera hur former för participation kan bidra till framgångsrikt förändringsarbete genom analys och syntes av process och resultat.Forskningsprojektet har bedrivits med en interaktiv ansats. Den interaktiva ansatsen har gjort det möjligt att belysa samverkan mellan forskare och praktiker på ett verklig-hetsnära och realistiskt sätt under fyra projektfaser fördelade över en femårsperiod.Den inledande projektfasen innebar en diagnostisering av problematiken. Ett antal åtgärdsförslag presenterades av forskargruppen och ledde vidare till ett forskarstött ut-vecklingsarbete under en andra projektfas då ett underlag till olika förbättringsåtgärder arbetades fram. Detta inbegrep utveckling av såväl teknisk som arbetsorganisatorisk ka-raktär för att åstadkomma effektiva och hälsosamma arbetsprocesser för brevbärare inom postutdelningsverksamheten. I en tredje projektfas testades och utvärderades hela åtgärdspaketet genom implementering på ett pilotkontor. I en fjärde och sista projektfas implementerades förbättringsåtgärderna på samtliga 602 postutdelningskontor i landet och forskarna gjorde en utvärdering.Resultaten visar hur man genom att anlägga ett MTO-perspektiv i förändringsarbete ökar möjligheterna att få klarhet i vilka faktorer som påverkar effektiviteten i ett pro-duktionssystem i sin helhet. Den tvärvetenskapliga forskningssatsningen i kombination med samverkan forskare/praktiker visade sig vara en förutsättning för att skapa förståel-se för interaktionen mellan M-T-O-komponenterna. Avhandlingen visar vidare hur olika former för participation i praktiken kan bidra till framgångsrikt förändringsarbete både vad gäller process och resultat. Den utförliga redogörelsen för interventionsprocessen, forskarrollens skiftande karaktär samt hindrande och främjande faktorer för forskarstött förändringsarbete, utgör andra viktiga kunskapsbidrag.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Gustavsson, Per M., 1965-, et al.
(author)
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Machine Interpretable Representation of Commander's Intent
- 2008
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In: Proceedings of the 13th International Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium (13th ICCRTS).
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Network-Centric approach envisioned in the Global Information Grid enables the interconnection of systems in a dynamic and flexible architecture to support multi-lateral, civilian and military missions. Constantly changing environments require commanders to plan for missions that allow organizations from various nations and agencies to join or separate from the teams performing the missions, depending on the situation, as missions unfold. The uncertainty within an actual mission, and the variety of potential organizations that support the mission after it is underway, makes Command Intent (CI) a critical concept for the mission team. With new and innovative information technologies, CI can now be made available to the team of organizations in a coalition environment. Using a flexible and linguistically based approach for representing CI allows Intent to be interpreted and processed by all participants – both humans and machines. CI representations need to be able to express mission team’s purpose, the anticipated End-State of the mission and desired key tasks. In this work, the expression of CI is developed to enable the structure and dynamics of collaboration support.
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| 6. |
- Hemlin, Sven, 1948, et al.
(author)
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Organizational support for innovation in biosciences: Comparing high and low performers in Sweden and Croatia
- 2009
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In: European Sociological Association, ESA 9th conference, 2-5 September, 2009, Lisbon.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- There is a need to better understand the organizational factors influencing innovative performance. This cross-cultural study examined organizational support factors in biotech R&D groups differing in innovative performance. The objective was to twofold; first to explore how organizing influences innovativeness in R&D, and, second to examine if R&D organizing is related to nations having a low and high innovation degree, respectively. Results supported that organizing R&D as well as national innovation performance are related. Crucial organizational issues found were how much organizations encouraged innovations, the degree of perceived autonomy and to what extent organizations could supply knowledge. Some of the implications of these results are introduced.
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| 7. |
- Chronéer, Diana, et al.
(author)
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Systems Thinking Benefits in Supply Change Management : An illustration of the viable systems model in a supply chain
- 2009
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In: International Journal of Intelligent Systems Technologies and Applications. - : Inderscience Publishers. - 1740-8865 .- 1740-8873. ; 6:3/4, s. 227-248
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Existing product development models are solely an organisational matter. They do not take into consideration the whole Supply chain (SC) and its different actors. In this article, we investigate how Supply Chain Management and Viable System Model (VSM) can support and create an effective use of information in product development and hence identify critical linkages in the SC. The aim is to introduce VSM as a framework that enables an analysis of companies’ SCs and visualise vital inter-organisational relationships that should be integrated in product development.
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| 8. |
- Lagrosen, Stefan, 1960-, et al.
(author)
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Exploring service quality in the health and fitness industry
- 2007
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In: Managing Service Quality. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0960-4529 .- 1758-8030. ; 17:1, s. 41-53
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to discover quality dimensions for the health‐and‐fitness industry and to examine the salient aspects of the quality‐management practices of organisations in this industry.Design/methodology/approach – The research in this paper uses a grounded‐theory approach to a multiple case study of 15 companies in the Swedish health‐and‐fitness industry. Qualitative methods in the form of in‐depth interviews and observation are utilised for data collection.Findings – The paper finds that a framework for fitness quality management is developed and presented. The quality dimensions are found to be “pleasure”, “mental change”, and “physical change”. The main enablers are defined as “relational competence” and “technical competence”. Other indirect enablers are also identified and described.Research limitations/implications – The paper shows that because the framework is based on qualitative data collection, the relationships are not quantified. This could be an objective of further research.Practical implications – The framework presented in this paper is useful for managers of fitness companies when designing and managing their activities.Originality/value – The paper presents a novel framework of the salient features of quality in fitness services – an industry that has received little scholarly attention in the past. This research also contributes to the general understanding of service quality, and demonstrates the usefulness of inductive qualitative methodology in this regard.
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