| 1. |
- Imreh, Gabriela, et al.
(author)
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ER retention may play a role in sorting of the nuclear pore membrane protein POM121
- 2003
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In: Experimental Cell Research. - 0014-4827 .- 1090-2422. ; 284:2, s. 173-184
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Integral membrane proteins of the nuclear envelope (NE) are synthesized on the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and following free diffusion in the continuous ER/NE membrane system are targeted to their proper destinations due to interactions of specific domains with other components of the NE. By studying the intracellular distribution and dynamics of a deletion mutant of an integral membrane protein of the nuclear pores, POM121, which lacks the pore-targeting domain, we investigated if ER retention plays a role in sorting of integral membrane proteins to the nuclear envelope. A nascent membrane protein lacking sorting determinants is believed to diffuse laterally in the continuous ER/NE lipid bilayer and expected to follow vesicular traffic to the plasma membrane. The GFP-tagged deletion mutant, POM121(1-129)-GFP, specifically distributed within the ER membrane, but was completely absent from the Golgi compartment and the plasma membrane. Experiments using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and fluorescence loss in photobleaching (FLIP) demonstrated that despite having very high mobility within the whole ER network (D = 0.41 +/- 0.11 mum(2)/s) POM121(1-129)-GFP was unable to exit the ER. It was also not detected in post-ER compartments of cells incubated at 15degreesC. Taken together, these experiments show that amino acids 1-129 of POM121 are able to retain GFP in the ER membrane and suggest that this retention occurs by a direct mechanism rather than by a retrieval mechanism. Our data suggest that ER retention might be important for sorting of POM121 to the nuclear pores.
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| 2. |
- Lennartsson, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Identification of Tyr900 in the kinase domain of c-Kit as a Src-dependent phosphorylation site mediating interaction with c-Crk
- 2003
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In: Experimental Cell Research. - 0014-4827 .- 1090-2422. ; 288:1, s. 110-118
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have previously demonstrated that ligand-stimulation of c-Kit induces phosphorylation of Tyr568 and Tyr570 in the juxtamembrane region of the receptor, leading to recruitment, phosphorylation and activation of members of the Src family of tyrosine kinases. In this paper, we demonstrate that members of the Src family of tyrosine kinases are able to phosphorylate c-Kit selectively on one particular tyrosine residue, Tyr900, located in the second part of the tyrosine kinase domain. In order to identify potential docking partners of Tyr900, a synthetic phosphopeptide corresponding to the amino acid sequence surrounding Tyr900 was used as an affinity matrix. By use of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, CrkII was identified as a protein that specifically bound to Tyr900 in a phosphorylation dependent manner, possibly via the p85 subunit of PI3-kinase. Expression of a mutant receptor where Tyr900 had been replaced with a phenylalanine residue (Y900F) resulted in a receptor with reduced ability to phosphorylate CrkII. Together these data support a model where c-Src phosphorylates the receptor, thereby creating docking sites for SH2 domain containing proteins, leading to recruitment of Crk to the receptor.
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| 3. |
- Rennel, Emma, et al.
(author)
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Regulation of endothelial cell differentiation and transformation by H-Ras
- 2003
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In: Experimental Cell Research. - 0014-4827 .- 1090-2422. ; 291:1, s. 189-200
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Angiogenesis is regulated by growth factors which activate tyrosine kinase receptors leading to the activation of a number of intracellular signaling pathways. The specific function of H-Ras during FGF-2 stimulated endothelial cell differentiation, defined as invasive growth and formation of branching networks in fibrin gels, was investigated by using conditionally immortalized endothelial cell lines induced to express H-Ras mutants. Expression of inhibitory N17Ras did not impair differentiation in response to FGF-2 and TNF-alpha. The farnesyltransferase inhibitor FTI-277 inhibited farnesylation of Ras but did not inhibit differentiation of human microvascular endothelial cells or mouse brain endothelial cells. In contrast, activated V12Ras inhibited endothelial cell differentiation and cells displayed a transformed phenotype with an increased rate of proliferation and loss of contact inhibited growth. Furthermore, V12Ras expressing endothelial cells grew as solid tumors when injected subcutaneously into mice. Our data suggest that, in endothelial cells, H-Ras activity is not required for differentiation. However, this activity must be tightly regulated as aberrant activity can disturb the ability of endothelial cells to undergo differentiation.
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| 4. |
- Siwicki, Jan Konrad, et al.
(author)
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Telomere maintenance and cell cycle regulation in spontaneously immortalized T-cell lines from Nijmegen breakage syndrome patients
- 2003
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In: Experimental Cell Research. - 0014-4827 .- 1090-2422. ; 287:1, s. 178-189
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) is a rare genetic instability syndrome associated with a high incidence of lymphoid malignancies. The NBS1 protein has been implicated in telomere biology suggesting that cells from NBS patients might have deficient telomere maintenance capacity. In this study we characterized spontaneously immortalized T-cell lines derived from three NBS patients regarding growth characteristics, telomere biology, expression of cell-cycle regulators, and response to DNA damage to understand the role of NBS1 in the immortalization process. In all the NBS T-cell lines the acquisition of an immortal phenotype was associated with telomere length stabilization, high telomerase activity, and increased mRNA expression of the catalytic subunit of telomerase (hTERT), together with c-myc up-regulation. Our findings provide evidence that telomere length maintenance was intact in the T lymphocytes in the absence of a full-length NBS protein, presumably due to the presence of an alternatively transcribed NBS protein of 70 kDa. Normal protein expression patterns for pRb and p53 in all the immortal lines coincided with altered expression of some cell-cycle proteins as well as with an impaired G1/S arrest after gamma irradiation, despite a seemingly normal p53/p21 pathway. The here described, spontaneously immortalized NBS derived T-cell lines can be useful in future analysis of the biologic effects in the NBS.
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| 5. |
- Almkvist, Jenny, 1971, et al.
(author)
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Newcastle disease virus neuraminidase primes neutrophils for stimulation by galectin-3 and formyl-Met-Leu-Phe
- 2004
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In: Experimental cell research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-4827 .- 1090-2422. ; 298:1, s. 74-82
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Human neutrophils are activated by the beta-galactoside-binding lectin galectin-3, provided that the cells are primed by in vivo extravasation or by in vitro preactivation with, for example, LPS. Removal of terminal sialic acid can change neutrophil functionality and responsiveness due to exposure of underlying glycoconjugate receptors or change in surface charge. Here, we investigated whether such alteration of the cell surface carbohydrate composition can alter the responsiveness of the cells to galectin-3. Neutrophils were treated with neuraminidases (NA) of different origins: Clostridium perfringens (CP), Salmonella typhimurium, Vibrio cholerae, and Newcastle disease virus (NDV). In the presence of NDV-NA, but no other NA, the otherwise non-responding neutrophils responded readily to galectin-3 by activation of the NADPH-oxidase. The galectin-3 priming effect was inhibited by the sialidase inhibitor 2,3-dehydro-2-deoxy-N-acetyl-neuraminic acid. Earlier studies have shown that priming of the neutrophil response to galectin-3 with, for example, LPS is paralleled by degranulation of intracellular vesicles and granules and upregulation of potential galectin-3 receptors. Also, NDV-NA (but not CP-NA) treatment induced degranulation, shown as an upregulation of complement receptor 3. Since not only the galectin response but also the response to the chemoattractant fMLF was primed, NDV-NA appears to induce a general priming phenomenon, possibly due to receptor upregulation by degranulation.
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| 6. |
- Aspenström, Pontus
(author)
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The mammalian verprolin homologue WIRE participates in receptor-mediated endocytosis and regulation of the actin filament system by distinct mechanisms
- 2004
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In: Experimental Cell Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-4827 .- 1090-2422. ; 298:2, s. 485-498
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The mammalian verprolin family consists of three family members: WIP, WIRE and CR16. WIRE was recently found to bind to WASP and N-WASP and to have roles in regulating actin dynamics downstream of the platelet-derived growth factor beta-receptor. In the current study, the WASP-binding domain of WIRE was identified, with the core of the binding motif encompassing amino acid residues 408-412. A stretch of aromatic amino acid residues close to the core motif also participates in WASP binding. Amino acid substitutions in each of these motifs abrogated WASP binding, suggesting that both motifs are involved in the binding of WIRE to WASP. Interestingly, WIRE mutants unable to bind WASP were still able to induce a reorganisation of the actin filament system, indicating that WASP did not participate in the signalling pathway that link WIRE to actin dynamics. In cells ectopically expressing WIRE, the endocytosis of the platelet-derived growth factor beta-receptor was drastically reduced. However, in contrast to the effect on the actin filament system, the WIRE-induced ablation of the receptor endocytosis required an intact WASP-binding domain. Moreover, WIRE was more efficient than WIP in inhibiting the receptor endocytosis, implicating that these two mammalian verprolins have distinct roles in mammalian cells.
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| 7. |
- Aspenström, Pontus
(author)
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The WASP-binding protein WIRE has a role in the regulation of the actin filament system downstream of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor
- 2002
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In: Experimental Cell Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-4827 .- 1090-2422. ; 279:1, s. 21-33
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Activation of growth factor receptors, such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptors, has a major impact on the motile behavior of vertebrate cells. The WASP family of proteins has been recognized as important regulators of actin polymerization via the activation of the Arp2/3 complex. The activity of the WASP proteins has, in turn, been shown to be governed by a number of associated proteins, including the WASP interacting protein (WIP). This report presents a novel WIP-like protein, WIRE (for WIP-related). WIRE was shown to bind to the WH1 domain of WASP and N-WASP. WIRE was localized to actin filaments in transiently transfected PAE/PDGFRbeta cells, and in cells simultaneously expressing WIRE and WASP, WIRE relocalized WASP to actin filaments, a relocalization that required direct interaction between the two proteins. In addition, WIRE was able to bind the PDGF receptor substrate Nckbeta. PDGF treatment of cells ectopically expressing WIRE resulted in formation of peripheral protrusions composed of filopodia and lamellipodia-like structures. In cells expressing both WIRE and WASP, PDGF treatment induced a translocation of WASP to the cell margin, an effect that required the presence of WIRE. Taken together, the data presented indicate that WIRE has a role in the WASP-mediated organization of the actin cytoskeleton and that WIRE is a potential link between the activated PDGF receptor and the actin polymerization machinery.
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| 8. |
- Bergström, J.Daniel, et al.
(author)
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Epidermal growth factor receptor signaling activates Met in human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells
- 2000
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In: Experimental Cell Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-4827 .- 1090-2422. ; 259:1, s. 293-299
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Overexpression of Met is a common finding in thyroid carcinomas. Recently, we reported on overexpression and ligand-independent constitutive activation of Met in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells. In the present study we have investigated a putative mechanism for this phenomenon. Cell lines with constitutively activated Met expressed both TGF-alpha mRNA and protein. Western blot analysis revealed expression of receptors for epidermal growth factor (EGFR) in all carcinoma cell lines; in tumor cells with elevated levels of TGF-alpha mRNA there was a constitutive tyrosine phosphorylation of the EGFRs. Preincubation of carcinoma cells with suramin decreased EGFR activation and downregulated Met expression as well as the ligand-independent phosphorylation of Met. Similar results were obtained with a EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, AG 1478. The MEK inhibitor U0126 had an even more pronounced effect compared to AG 1478, indicating a Ras/MAPK-mediated signal in the regulation of Met expression and activation. Inhibition of EGFR signaling also decreased proliferation of the anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells. Thus, aberrant activation of EGFRs may lead to an overexpression and activation of Met, which may be of importance for the malignant phenotype of anaplastic thyroid carcinomas.
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| 9. |
- Borgenström, M, et al.
(author)
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Testosterone-induced growth of S115 mouse mammary tumor cells is dependent on heparan sulfate
- 2001
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In: Experimental Cell Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-4827 .- 1090-2422. ; 264:2, s. 307-314
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The androgen-induced proliferation of S115 mouse mammary tumor cells has been suggested to involve autocrinic fibroblast growth factor signaling. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are required for fibroblast growth factor signaling, presumably due to their ability to alter binding of fibroblast growth factors to their receptors. We have investigated the role of heparan sulfate proteoglycans in the testosterone-induced proliferation of S115 cells. We demonstrate that when the cells are treated with sodium chlorate, which inhibits the sulfation of endogenous heparan sulfate proteoglycans, cell growth becomes dependent on exogenous heparin. The shortest heparin oligosaccharides supporting cell growth were octasaccharides, whereas dodecasaccharides were almost as effective as native heparin. The N-, 2-O-, and 6-O-sulfate groups of heparin were all required for full testosterone response. Treatment of S115 cells with chlorate or testosterone did not alter the expression of fibroblast growth factor receptors 1 or 3, whereas the expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 was down-regulated. We have previously shown that overexpression of syndecan-1 heparan sulfate proteoglycan renders S115 cells insensitive to testosterone and now demonstrate that this effect can be overcome by sodium chlorate treatment in combination with exogenous heparin. Our results suggest that heparin-like molecules are intimately involved in the androgen-mediated proliferation of S115 cells.
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| 10. |
- Eichner, Annegret, et al.
(author)
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Bone morphogenetic protein-7 (OP1) and transforming growth factor-beta1 modulate 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3-induced differentiation of human osteoblasts
- 2002
-
In: Experimental Cell Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-4827 .- 1090-2422. ; 275:1, s. 132-142
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) are potent regulators of osteoblast differentiation and proliferation, processes that are crucial in bone remodeling. BMPs and TGFbeta act in concert with other local factors and hormones, among them 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 and insulin. Here we show that BMP7 inhibits 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3-induced differentiation of human osteoblasts, whereas TGFbeta1 stimulates it, as assessed by assays for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) induction, matrix mineralization, and morphology changes. BMP7 or TGFbeta1 alone affects the differentiation of human osteoblasts. Similar results were obtained in assays for ALP induction using conditionally immortalized human osteoblasts (hFOB) and primary osteoblasts obtained from trabecular bone of the femoral head after hip replacement surgery. BMP7 stimulation led to a decrease of 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3-induced binding of nuclear proteins to a vitamin D response element, as shown by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Our results suggest that 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 modulates in opposite ways the effects of BMP7 and TGFbeta1 on osteoblast differentiation.
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