| 1. |
- Abik, Felix, et al.
(author)
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Potential of Wood Hemicelluloses and Their Derivates as Food Ingredients
- 2023
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In: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 71:6, s. 2667-2683
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A holistic utilization of all lignocellulosic wood biomass, instead of the current approach of using only the cellulose fraction, is crucial for the efficient, ecological, and economical use of the forest resources. Use of wood constituents in the food and feed sector is a potential way of promoting the global economy. However, industrially established food products utilizing such components are still scarce, with the exception of cellulose derivatives. Hemicelluloses that include xylans and mannans are major constituents of wood. The wood hemicelluloses are structurally similar to hemicelluloses from crops, which are included in our diet, for example, as a part of dietary fibers. Hence, structurally similar wood hemicelluloses have the potential for similar uses. We review the current status and future potential of wood hemicelluloses as food ingredients. We include an inventory of the extraction routes of wood hemicelluloses, their physicochemical properties, and some of their gastrointestinal characteristics, and we also consider the regulatory route that research findings need to follow to be approved for food solutions, as well as the current status of the wood hemicellulose applications on that route.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Berger, Karin, et al.
(author)
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Xylooligosaccharides Increase Bifidobacteria and Lachnospiraceae in Mice on a High-Fat Diet, with a Concomitant Increase in Short-Chain Fatty Acids, Especially Butyric Acid
- 2021
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In: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 69:12, s. 3617-3625
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Effects of xylooligosaccharides (XOSs) as well as a mixture of XOS, inulin, oligofructose, and partially hydrolyzed guar gum (MIX) in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) were studied. Control groups were fed an HFD or a low-fat diet. Special attention was paid to the cecal composition of the gut microbiota and formation of short-chain fatty acids, but metabolic parameters were also documented. The XOS group had significantly higher cecum levels of acetic, propionic, and butyric acids than the HFD group, and the butyric acid content was higher in the XOS than in the MIX group. The cecum microbiota of the XOS group contained more Bifidobacteria, Lachnospiraceae, and S24-7 bacteria than the HFD group. A tendency of lower body weight gain was observed on comparing the XOS and HFD groups. In conclusion, the XOS was shown to be a promising prebiotic candidate. The fiber diversity in the MIX diet did not provide any advantages compared to the XOS diet.
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| 4. |
- Blaschek, Leonard, et al.
(author)
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Functional complexity on a cellular scale : why in situ analyses are indispensable for our understanding of lignified tissues
- 2024
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In: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118.
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Lignins are a key adaptation that enables vascular plants to thrive in terrestrial habitats. Lignin is heterogeneous, containing upward of 30 different monomers, and its function is multifarious: It provides structural support, predetermined breaking points, ultraviolet protection, diffusion barriers, pathogen resistance, and drought resilience. Recent studies, carefully characterizing lignin in situ, have started to identify specific lignin compositions and ultrastructures with distinct cellular functions, but our understanding remains fractional. We summarize recent works and highlight where further in situ lignin analysis could provide valuable insights into plant growth and adaptation. We also summarize strengths and weaknesses of lignin in situ analysis methods.
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| 5. |
- Bohman, Björn
(author)
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Critical Pollination Chemistry: Specific Sesquiterpene Floral Volatiles in Carrot Inhibit Honey Bee Feeding
- 2023
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In: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 71, s. 16079-16089
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Many plants rely on insect pollination, yet numerous agricultural plant-breeding programs focus on traits that appeal to growers and consumers instead of pollinators, leading to declining pollinator attraction and crop yields. Using hybrid carrot seed production as a model, we investigated low-yielding carrot varieties by analyzing sugars and minerals in nectar and floral volatile composition. While the analysis of nectar sugars and minerals did not reveal any key differences between the carrot varieties, differences between the 112 detected volatiles in 23 samples were observed. Numerous differentiating sesquiterpenes were identified in floral solvent extracts, and subsequent behavioral assays showed that beta-ocimene from higher-yielding carrot varieties stimulated nectar feeding (attractant), while alpha- and beta-selinene from lower-yielding lines decreased feeding (deterrents). Sesquiterpenes have previously been implicated in plant defense, suggesting a trade-off between pollination and protection. Our results highlight the importance of volatiles as regulators of pollinator attraction in agricultural settings.
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| 6. |
- Cheng, Shuzhen, et al.
(author)
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Crassostrea gigas-Based Bioactive Peptide Protected Thrombin-Treated Endothelial Cells against Thrombosis and Cell Barrier Dysfunction
- 2022
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In: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 70:31, s. 9664-9673
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The activation of thrombin-treated endothelial cells resulted in disruption of the vascular tissues. A novel oyster-derived bioactive dodecapeptide (IEELEELEAER, P-2-CG) was reported to protect the human umbilical vein endothelial cells and their barrier function via the decrease of VE-cadherin disruption and the restoration of the F-actin arrangement. The promotion of the extrinsic pathway in this case triggers the release of tissue factors that occurs on the surface of the endothelial cells, thus changing the antithrombotic to prothrombotic. P-2-CG induced accordingly a prolongation of plasma clotting time and thrombin generation time, following the alteration of the antithrombotic phenotype. Furthermore, the antithrombotic activity of P-2-CG was also supported by the reduction of FXa and the inhibition of other factors release, for instance, inflammation factors, ROS, etc. In addition to its antithrombogenic role, P-2-CG displayed anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties via the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades and central signaling pathways as shown in an in vitro model of endothelial dysfunction.
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| 8. |
- Hjort Vidkjaer, Nanna, 1978, et al.
(author)
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LC-MS/MS Quantification Reveals Ample Gut Uptake and Metabolization of Dietary Phytochemicals in Honey Bees (Apis mellifera)
- 2021
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In: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 69:2, s. 627-637
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The honey bee pollen/nectar diet is rich in bioactive phytochemicals and recent studies have demonstrated the potential of phytochemicals to influence honey bee disease resistance. To unravel the role of dietary phytochemicals in honey bee health it is essential to understand phytochemical uptake, bioavailability, and metabolism but presently limited knowledge exists. With this study we aim to build a knowledge foundation. For 5 days, we continuously fed honey bees on eight individual phytochemicals and measured the concentrations in whole and dissected bees by HPLC-MS/MS. Ample phytochemical metabolization was observed, and only 6-30% of the consumed quantities were recovered. Clear differences in metabolization rates were evident, with atropine, aucubin, and triptolide displaying significantly slower metabolism. Phytochemical gut uptake was also demonstrated, and oral bioavailability was 4-31%, with the highest percentages observed for amygdalin, triptolide, and aucubin. We conclude that differences in the chemical properties and structure impact phytochemical uptake and metabolism.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Li, Jing, et al.
(author)
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Production of Structurally Defined Chito-Oligosaccharides with a Single N-Acetylation at Their Reducing End Using a Newly Discovered Chitinase from Paenibacillus pabuli
- 2021
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In: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society. - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 69:11, s. 3371-3379
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Partially acetylated chito-oligosaccharides (paCOSs) are bioactive compounds with potential medical applications. Their biological activities are largely dependent on their structural properties, in particular their degree of polymerization (DP) and the position of the acetyl groups along the glycan chain. The production of structurally defined paCOSs in a purified form is highly desirable to better understand the structure/bioactivity relationship of these oligosaccharides. Here, we describe a newly discovered chitinase from Paenibacillus pabuli (PpChi) and demonstrate by mass spectrometry that it essentially produces paCOSs with a DP of three and four that carry a single N-acetylation at their reducing end. We propose that this specific composition of glucosamine (GlcN) and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residues, as in GlcN(n)GlcNAc1, is due to a subsite specificity toward GlcN residues at the −2, −3, and −4 positions of the partially acetylated chitosan substrates. In addition, the enzyme is stable, as evidenced by its long shelf life, and active over a large temperature range, which is of high interest for potential use in industrial processes. It exhibits a kcatof 67.2 s–1 on partially acetylated chitosan substrates. When PpChi was used in combination with a recently discovered fungal auxilary activity (AA11) oxidase, a sixfold increase in the release of oligosaccharides from the lobster shell was measured. PpChi represents an attractive biocatalyst for the green production of highly valuable paCOSs with a well-defined structure and the expansion of the relatively small library of chito-oligosaccharides currently available.
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