| 1. |
- Bartels, Stefan, et al.
(author)
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Total Hip Arthroplasty Leads to Better Results After Low-Energy Displaced Femoral Neck Fracture in Patients Aged 55 to 70 Years : A Randomized Controlled Multicenter Trial Comparing Internal Fixation and Total Hip Arthroplasty
- 2022
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In: Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. - 0021-9355. ; 104:15, s. 1341-1351
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background:The optimal treatment of displaced femoral neck fractures in patients 55 to 70 years old remains controversial. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of closed reduction and internal fixation with cannulated screws (IF) compared with total hip arthroplasty (THA) on hip pain and function, with use of data for outcome measures, complications, and reoperations.Methods:This multicenter randomized controlled trial included all patients 55 to 70 years old who presented with a low-energy displaced femoral neck fracture between December 2013 and December 2018. Patients were randomly allocated to undergo either IF or THA. The primary outcome was the Harris Hip Score (HHS) at 12 months postoperatively. Secondary outcomes were the HHS at 4 and 24 months postoperatively, Oxford Hip Score (OHS), Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS), health-related quality of life (EQ-5D-3L [EuroQol 5 Dimensions 3 Levels] index score and EQ-VAS [visual analogue scale]), VAS for pain, and VAS for patient satisfaction at 4, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. Complications and reoperations were continuously monitored. The primary analyses were performed according to the intention-to-treat principle.Results:A total of 102 patients with a mean (± standard deviation) age of 63.7 ± 4.2 years were allocated to IF (n = 51) or THA (n = 51). The mean difference in the primary outcome, the HHS at 12 months postoperatively (5.3; 95% confidence interval, 0.9 to 9.7; p = 0.017), was below the predefined minimal clinically important difference of 10 points. However, patients who underwent THA had a significantly higher HHS at 4 and 12 months, better OHS at 4 and 12 months, and better HOOS at 4, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. Patients who underwent THA also reported better health-related quality of life at 4 months postoperatively and reported greater satisfaction and less pain at 4 and 12 months postoperatively. A total of 26 patients in the IF group (51%; 95% confidence interval, 37% to 65%) and 2 patients in the THA group (4%; 95% confidence interval, 0.5% to 13%) underwent a major reoperation.Conclusions:In this randomized controlled trial, we showed that patients between 55 and 70 years old who underwent THA for a low-energy displaced femoral neck fracture experienced better outcomes than those who underwent closed reduction and internal fixation.Level of Evidence:Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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| 2. |
- Brüggemann, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Safety of Use of Tantalum in Total Hip Arthroplasty
- 2020
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In: Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American volume. - 0021-9355 .- 1535-1386. ; 102:5, s. 368-374
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background:Tantalum implants have been used in >500,000 orthopaedic patients. Although the risks of metallosis and aseptic lymphocyte-dominated vasculitis-associated lesions (ALVAL) after total hip arthroplasty (THA) are being debated, we are not aware of any studies investigating the liberation of tantalum ions and their potential effects on the immune system. We evaluated whether tantalum concentrations are elevated after THA with acetabular tantalum implants and assessed potential alterations in T-cell subpopulations.Methods:After a mean follow-up of 4 years (range, 0.5 to 8.9 years) of 144 patients who had undergone THA, blood samples were analyzed regarding blood tantalum concentrations, total white blood-cell counts, and lymphocyte subsets in 3 groups of patients: those treated with non-tantalum primary THA (“primary non-tantalum,” n = 30), those treated with primary THA with a tantalum cup (“primary tantalum,” n = 30), and those who underwent revision surgery with a tantalum shell (“revision tantalum,” n = 84). Blood donors served as controls for immunological parameters (n = 59). Correlations between tantalum concentrations and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR+ T cells were calculated, radiographic signs of implant loosening were assessed, and the Harris hip score (HHS) was used to evaluate hip function.Results:The median tantalum concentration was similar to the detection limit both in the primary non-tantalum group (0.05 µg/L, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.05 to 0.05 µg/L) and in the primary tantalum group (0.051 µg/L, 95% CI = 0.050 to 0.055 µg/L), and it was 0.091 µg/L (95% CI = 0.083 to 0.112 µg/L) in the revision tantalum group (p < 0.0001 in the group-wise comparison with both primary non-tantalum and primary tantalum). We found a weak negative correlation of higher tantalum concentration with the concentration of HLA-DR+/CD8+ T cells (r = −0.22, 95% CI = −0.35 to −0.05, p = 0.01) but no correlation of tantalum concentration with the concentration of HLA-DR+/CD4+ T cells (r = −0.11, 95% CI = −0.27 to 0.06, p = 0.24). The values for all lymphocyte subgroups were within normal ranges. No implants were deemed loose. The median HHS was good to excellent.Conclusions:Exposure to stable tantalum cups is associated with low blood concentrations of tantalum. Signs of T-cell activation typical of ALVAL seem to be lacking.Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence
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| 3. |
- Bögl, Hans Peter, et al.
(author)
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Reduced Risk of Reoperation Using Intramedullary Nailing with Femoral Neck Protection in Low-Energy Femoral Shaft Fractures
- 2020
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In: Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American volume. - : LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. - 0021-9355 .- 1535-1386. ; 102:17, s. 1486-1494
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: In Sweden, approximately 1 in 4 women who are >= 50 years of age will sustain a hip fracture. Patients treated for a femoral shaft fracture are likely to have an even higher risk. We hypothesized that intramedullary nails protecting the femoral neck reduce the risk of subsequent hip fracture and allow the patient to avoid a challenging reoperation.Methods: Between 2008 and 2010, 5,475 fractures of the femoral shaft, in patients who were >= 55 years of age, were registered in a national registry in Sweden. Of these patients, 897 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. We used radiographs and register data to identify the reasons for and the types of reoperation that occurred between the index surgical procedure and December 31, 2014. The categories of implants were determined through a review of radiographs as intramedullary nails with and without femoral neck protection. Reoperations related to peri-implant fractures (including hip fractures) were analyzed as a subgroup of all major reoperations. Multivariable-adjusted, cause-specific hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated to compare the risk of reoperation between cases with nails with and without femoral neck protection.Results: Among the 897 patients, a total of 82 reoperations were performed. In 640 patients who were treated with intramedullary nails with femoral neck protection, there were 7 peri-implant fractures (no hip fractures) and 27 major reoperations. Among the 257 patients who were treated with intramedullary nails without femoral neck protection, 14 peri-implant hip fractures and 24 major reoperations were identified. Patients who received nails with femoral neck protection had a lower hazard for any peri-implant fracture (multivariable-adjusted cause-specific HR, 0.19 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.07 to 0.5]) and major reoperation (multivariable-adjusted cause-specific HR, 0.51 [95% CI, 0.28 to 0.92]).Conclusions: Intramedullary nails with femoral neck protection in the treatment of low-energy femoral shaft fractures prevent secondary hip fractures and decrease the overall risk of reoperation for 4 to 6 years postoperatively.
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| 4. |
- Farrell, James, et al.
(author)
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Thoracic Morphology and Bronchial Narrowing Are Related to Pulmonary Function in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
- 2021
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In: Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American volume. - : LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. - 0021-9355 .- 1535-1386. ; 103:21, s. 2014-2023
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: In adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), lung function impairment is not necessarily related to the coronal spinal deformity. Recently, right-sided bronchial narrowing has been reported in thoracic AIS. The aim of this study was to describe the relation of chest and spinal deformity parameters, bronchial narrowing, and lung volumes with pulmonary function in preoperative AIS. Methods: Spinal radiographs, low-dose computed tomographic (CT) scans of the spine including the chest, and pulmonary function tests were retrospectively collected for 85 preoperative patients with thoracic AIS in 2 centers and were compared with 14 matched controls. Three-dimensional lung and airway reconstructions were acquired. Correlation analysis was performed in which radiographic spinal parameters, CT-based thoracic deformity parameters (rib-hump index [RHi], spinal penetration index, endothoracic hump ratio, hemithoracic-width ratio), lung volume asymmetry, and bronchial cross-sectional area were compared with percent-of-predicted spirometry results. Results: Forty-one patients (48%) had a percent-of-predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1%) or percent-of-predicted forced vital capacity (FVC%) of <65%, and 17 patients (20%) had obstructive lung disease. All thoracic deformity parameters correlated significantly with FEV1% and FVC%; RHi was found to be the best correlate (r(s) = -0.52 for FEV1% and -0.54 for FVC%). Patients with AIS with impaired pulmonary function had hypokyphosis, a larger rib hump, increased spinal and thoracic rotation, a narrower right hemithorax, and increased intrusion of the spine into the chest. Spinal intrusion correlated with right-sided bronchial narrowing, relative right lung volume loss, and decreased FEV1% and FVC%. Multivariate regression including spinal and thoracic deformity parameters, lung volume asymmetry, and airway parameters could explain 57% of the variance in FEV1% and 54% of the variance in FVC%. Conclusions: Chest intrusion by the endothoracic hump is related to right-sided bronchial narrowing and lung function loss in preoperative AIS. The findings support the theory that ventilatory dysfunction in thoracic AIS is not only restrictive but frequently has an obstructive component, especially in patients with hypokyphosis. RHi is the most predictive chest parameter for lung function loss.
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| 5. |
- Franklin, Patricia D, et al.
(author)
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Integration of Registries with EHRs to Accelerate Generation of Real-World Evidence for Clinical Practice and Learning Health Systems Research: Recommendations from a Workshop on Registry Best Practices.
- 2020
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In: The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume. - 0021-9355 .- 1535-1386. ; 102:19
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A complementary relationship between EHRs and well-designed registries can support multiple uses of real-world data within clinical practice, quality and regulatory compliance, and research. The “collect data once and use many times” principle supports efficiency for clinicians, health systems, and researchers. As the AAOS and other professional societies expand U.S. registries, orthopaedists are in a pivotal position to adopt the best-practice standards outlined above and to encourage patients and hospitals to participate, thereby generating important high-quality information to improve research based on real-world data, inform best practices, and enhance the quality of patient care.
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| 6. |
- Hailer, Nils, et al.
(author)
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Body Mass Index Differentially Moderates Heritability of Total Joint Replacement Due to Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis A Cohort Study of 29,893 Swedish Twin Pairs
- 2021
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In: Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American volume. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0021-9355 .- 1535-1386. ; 103:14, s. 1319-1327
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Osteoarthritis and obesity are diseases with high prevalence, and they share common etiologies. We investigated the sex-specific genetic susceptibility to hip and knee osteoarthritis necessitating total joint replacement (TJR), and how body mass index (BMI) moderated the heritability of these osteoarthritis phenotypes.Methods: We linked 29,893 twin pairs with information on BMI in the Swedish Twin Registry with the Swedish National Patient Register to identify twins who underwent primary TJR of the hip or knee combined with a concomitant diagnosis of primary osteoarthritis of these joints. Structural equation modeling was used to calculate the heritability of hip and knee osteoarthritis treated with TJR, with estimates adjusted for the first available BMI, birth year, and sex. We also investigated how heritability varied with BMI treated as a continuous variable.Results: Similar heritability estimates for hip replacement (0.65 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.59 to 0.70]) and knee replacement (0.57 [95% CI, 0.50 to 0.64]) were found. Heritability decreased with higher BMI in both sexes for hip replacement and in men for knee replacement. In contrast, heritability for knee replacement increased with higher BMI in women; the estimate was 0.37 (90% likelihood interval [LI], 0.25 to 0.49) for a BMI of 20 kg/m(2) and 0.87 (90% LI, 0.68 to 0.94) for a BMI of 35 kg/m(2).Conclusions: In our population, heritability explained, on average, about half of the susceptibility to undergo primary TJR of the hip or knee with the indication of primary osteoarthritis, but it varied with BMI and sex. We demonstrated substantial heritability for knee replacement in obese women.
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| 7. |
- Jolbäck, Per, et al.
(author)
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The Influence of Surgeon Sex on Adverse Events Following Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty A Register-Based Study of 11,993 Procedures and 200 Surgeons in Swedish Public Hospitals
- 2022
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In: Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0021-9355 .- 1535-1386. ; 104:15, s. 1327-1333
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Stereotypes may prevail, but little is known about the influence that the sex of an orthopaedic surgeon may have on outcomes. In a recently published study, there were no differences in the rate of adverse events following total hip arthroplasties (THAs) performed by female or male orthopaedic surgeons. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether there was any difference in adverse events within 90 days following a primary THA performed by either a male or female surgeon in Sweden. Methods: A retrospective study was performed to evaluate primary THAs performed for osteoarthritis between 2008 and 2016 at 10 hospitals in western Sweden. Local hospital data were linked with the Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register (SHAR) and with a regional patient register. Data collected from local hospitals and the SHAR included surgeon-related information (e.g., sex, annual volume, and level of training) and patient-related information (e.g., age, sex, and Elixhauser comorbidity index). Adverse events were retrieved from the regional patient register. The definition of adverse events followed the SHAR definition of adverse events. Mixed models were used to investigate the impact of surgeon sex on adverse events. Results: A total of 11,993 primary THAs were performed by 200 surgeons, of whom 17.5% were women. The proportions of adverse events within 90 days were similar for female (6%) and male (7%) surgeons. No association was found between surgeon sex and adverse events (adjusted odds ratio, 0.72; 95% confidence interval, 0.52 to 1.00) when all surgeons (both attendings and residents) were included in the analysis. A sensitivity analysis that included attendings only yielded similar results (adjusted odds ratio, 0.88; 95% confidence interval, 0.60 to 1.29). Conclusions: Despite a small tendency toward lower rates of adverse events at 90 days after THAs performed by female surgeons, there was no significant association between surgeon sex and the risk of adverse events following THA.
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| 8. |
- Lagergren, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Conversion to arthroplasty after internal fixation of nondisplaced femoral neck fractures : results from a Swedish register cohort of 5,428 individuals 60 years of age or older
- 2023
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In: Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American volume. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0021-9355 .- 1535-1386. ; 105:5, s. 389-396
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Although most nondisplaced or minimally displaced femoral neck fractures are routinely treated with internal fixation, high rates of secondary surgical procedures are common, especially in the elderly population. Primary arthroplasty in elderly patients has been proposed as an alternative treatment to reduce the need for a secondary surgical procedure. The objective of this study was to describe the rate of conversion to arthroplasty within 5 years after internal fixation of nondisplaced femoral neck fractures in patients ≥60 years of age.METHODS: In this observational cohort study of prospectively collected data from the Swedish Fracture Register (SFR) between 2012 and 2018, cross-matched with the Swedish Arthroplasty Register (SAR), 5,428 nondisplaced femoral neck fractures in patients ≥60 years of age were included. Competing risk analysis was used to estimate conversion rates to arthroplasty and mortality in various age groups at 1, 2, and 5 years.RESULTS: The cumulative incidence function (CIF) for conversion to arthroplasty was 6.3% at 1 year, 8.1% at 2 years, and 10.1% at 5 years. The conversion rates within 2 years were 6.5% in 60 to 69-year-olds, 9.6% in 70 to 79-year-olds, and 7.8% in ≥80-year-olds. Women had a higher risk of conversion; the hazard ratio (HR) was 1.49 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19 to 1.87). The cumulative mortality was 21.3% (95% CI, 20.3% to 22.5%) at 1 year, 31.3% (95% CI, 30.0% to 32.6%) at 2 years, and 54.9% (95% CI, 53.1% to 56.7%) at 5 years. Mortality was higher in men at all time points, and the adjusted 1-year HR was 1.79 (95% CI, 1.61 to 2.00).CONCLUSIONS: One in 10 patients ≥60 years of age treated with internal fixation for a nondisplaced femoral neck fracture underwent conversion to arthroplasty within 5 years, and more than one-half of the conversions occurred within the first year. The risk of conversion was highest in women and in patients 70 to 79 years of age. These data warrant further studies in this frail patient group to identify subgroups of patients who would benefit from primary arthroplasty for nondisplaced femoral neck fractures.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic Level III . See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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| 9. |
- Lagergren, J., et al.
(author)
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Conversion to Arthroplasty After Internal Fixation of Nondisplaced Femoral Neck Fractures Results from a Swedish Register Cohort of 5,428 Individuals 60 Years of Age or Older
- 2023
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In: Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0021-9355 .- 1535-1386. ; 105:5, s. 389-396
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background:Although most nondisplaced or minimally displaced femoral neck fractures are routinely treated with internal fixation, high rates of secondary surgical procedures are common, especially in the elderly population. Primary arthroplasty in elderly patients has been proposed as an alternative treatment to reduce the need for a secondary surgical procedure. The objective of this study was to describe the rate of conversion to arthroplasty within 5 years after internal fixation of nondisplaced femoral neck fractures in patients >= 60 years of age.Methods:In this observational cohort study of prospectively collected data from the Swedish Fracture Register (SFR) between 2012 and 2018, cross-matched with the Swedish Arthroplasty Register (SAR), 5,428 nondisplaced femoral neck fractures in patients >= 60 years of age were included. Competing risk analysis was used to estimate conversion rates to arthroplasty and mortality in various age groups at 1, 2, and 5 years.Results:The cumulative incidence function (CIF) for conversion to arthroplasty was 6.3% at 1 year, 8.1% at 2 years, and 10.1% at 5 years. The conversion rates within 2 years were 6.5% in 60 to 69-year-olds, 9.6% in 70 to 79-year-olds, and 7.8% in >= 80-year-olds. Women had a higher risk of conversion; the hazard ratio (HR) was 1.49 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19 to 1.87). The cumulative mortality was 21.3% (95% CI, 20.3% to 22.5%) at 1 year, 31.3% (95% CI, 30.0% to 32.6%) at 2 years, and 54.9% (95% CI, 53.1% to 56.7%) at 5 years. Mortality was higher in men at all time points, and the adjusted 1-year HR was 1.79 (95% CI, 1.61 to 2.00).Conclusions:One in 10 patients >= 60 years of age treated with internal fixation for a nondisplaced femoral neck fracture underwent conversion to arthroplasty within 5 years, and more than one-half of the conversions occurred within the first year. The risk of conversion was highest in women and in patients 70 to 79 years of age. These data warrant further studies in this frail patient group to identify subgroups of patients who would benefit from primary arthroplasty for nondisplaced femoral neck fractures.
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| 10. |
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