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- Bellon-Harn, Monica L., et al.
(author)
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Speech-language pathologists preferences for patient-centeredness
- 2017
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In: Journal of Communication Disorders. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 0021-9924 .- 1873-7994. ; 68, s. 81-88
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: Preferences for patient-centeredness is an important indicator in healthcare service delivery. However, it remains largely unexplored in the field of communication science and disorders. This study investigated speech-language pathologists (SLPs) preferences for patient-centeredness Method: The study involved a cross-sectional survey design. SLPs (n = 102) fully completed the modified Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale (PPOS; Krupat et al, 2000) and also provided demographic details. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and linear regression methods. Results: Mean PPOS scores indicated that SLPs value patient-centeredness. There was a strong positive correlation among sharing and caring subscales with the full-scale. Results from the linear regression modeling suggested no relationship between demographic factors and preferences for patient-centeredness. Conclusions: SLPs value patient-centeredness, although there may be regional and cultural variations. Qualitative investigations may help uncover dimensions of patient-centeredness that were not captured in the PPOS scale. In addition, further research should explore congruence in preferences for patient-centeredness among SLPs and patients.
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| 2. |
- Rakhlin, Natalia, et al.
(author)
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Language development of internationally adopted children : Adverse early experiences outweigh the age of acquisition effect
- 2015
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In: Journal of Communication Disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9924 .- 1873-7994. ; 57:SI, s. 66-80
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We compared English language and cognitive skills between internationally adopted children (IA; mean age at adoption=2.24, SD=1.8) and their non-adopted peers from the US reared in biological families (BF) at two time points. We also examined the relationships between outcome measures and age at initial institutionalization, length of institutionalization, and age at adoption. On measures of general language, early literacy, and non-verbal IQ, the IA group performed significantly below their age-peers reared in biological families at both time points, but the group differences disappeared on receptive vocabulary and kindergarten concept knowledge at the second time point. Furthermore, the majority of children reached normative age expectations between 1 and 2 years post-adoption on all standardized measures. Although the age at adoption, age of institutionalization, length of institutionalization, and time in the adoptive family all demonstrated significant correlations with one or more outcome measures, the negative relationship between length of institutionalization and child outcomes remained most robust after controlling for the other variables. Results point to much flexibility and resilience in children's capacity for language acquisition as well as the potential primacy of length of institutionalization in explaining individual variation in IA children's outcomes.LEARNING OUTCOMES: (1) Readers will be able to understand the importance of pre-adoption environment on language and early literacy development in internationally adopted children. (2) Readers will be able to compare the strength of the association between the length of institutionalization and language outcomes with the strength of the association between the latter and the age at adoption. (3) Readers will be able to understand that internationally adopted children are able to reach age expectations on expressive and receptive language measures despite adverse early experiences and a replacement of their first language with an adoptive language.
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| 3. |
- St. Louis, Kenneth O., et al.
(author)
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Public attitudes toward stuttering in Europe : Within-country and between-country comparisons
- 2016
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In: Journal of Communication Disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9924. ; 62, s. 115-130
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Epidemiological research methods have been shown to be useful in determining factors that might predict commonly reported negative public attitudes toward stuttering. Previous research has suggested that stuttering attitudes of respondents from North America and Europe (i.e., "The West"), though characterized by stereotypes and potential stigma, are more positive than those from several other regions of the world. This inference assumes that public attitudes within various regions characterized by "The West" are similar. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the extent to which public stuttering attitudes are similar or different both within regions of three different European countries and between or among five different European countries or similar geographic areas. It also aimed to compare these European attitudes to attitudes from 135 samples around the world using a standard measure. Material and methods: Using convenience sampling, 1111 adult respondents from eight different investigations completed the Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes-Stuttering (POSHA-S) in the dominant language of each country or area. In Study I, the authors compared attitudes within three different regions of Bosnia & Herzegovina, Italy, and Norway. In Study II, the authors compared attitudes between combined samples from Bosnia & Herzegovina, Italy, and Norway (with additional respondents from Sweden), and two other samples, one from Germany and the other from Ireland and England. Results: Attitudes of adults from the three samples within Bosnia & Herzegovina, Italy, and Norway were remarkably similar. By contrast, attitudes between the five different countries or area were quite dramatically different. Demographic variables on the POSHA-S did not predict the rank order of these between-country/area differences. Compared to the POSHA-S worldwide database, European attitudes ranged from less positive than average (i.e., Italians) to more positive than average (i.e., Norwegians and Swedes). Conclusion: Factors related to national identity appear to play a significant role in differences in public attitudes in Europe and should be explored in future research.
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| 4. |
- Klaubauf, Sylvia, 1981, et al.
(author)
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A novel L-arabinose-responsive regulator discovered in the rice-blast fungus Pyricularia oryzae (Magnaporthe oryzae)
- 2016
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In: FEBS Letters. - : Wiley. - 1873-3468 .- 0014-5793. ; 590:4, s. 550-558
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this study we identified the L-arabinose-responsive regulator of Pyricularia oryzae that regulates L-arabinose release and catabolism. Previously we identified the Zn2Cys6 transcription factor (TF), AraR, that has this role in the Trichocomaceae family (Eurotiales), but is absent in other fungi. Candidate Zn2Cys6 TF genes were selected according to their transcript profiles on L-arabinose. Deletion mutants of these genes were screened for their growth phenotype on L-arabinose. One mutant, named Delta ara1, was further analyzed. Our analysis demonstrated that Ara1 from P. oryzae is the functional analog of AraR from A. niger, while there is no significant sequence similarity between them.
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