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- Horsten, M, et al.
(author)
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Depressive symptoms, social support, and lipid profile in healthy middle-aged women
- 1997
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In: Psychosomatic Medicine. - KAROLINSKA INST, DEPT PUBL HLTH SCI, DIV PREVENT MED, S-14157 HUDDINGE, SWEDEN. TILBURG UNIV, DEPT PSYCHOL, NL-5000 LE TILBURG, NETHERLANDS. : LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. - 0033-3174 .- 1534-7796. ; 59:5, s. 521-528
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Several studies have reported an inverse relationship between cholesterol levels and death from violent causes, including suicide. Because depression and depressive symptoms are associated with suicide and trauma, the relation between cholesterol and depressive symptoms is of interest. The objective of the present study was to examine this relationship in a group of healthy women. The second main objective of the study was to investigate the association between cholesterol and other psychosocial factors (social support, Vital exhaustion, and stressful life-events), which are known to be related to depression. Method: The study group consisted of 300 healthy women raged 31 to 65 years who were representative of women living in the greater Stockholm area. Depressive symptoms were measured by a nine-item questionnaire derived from Pearlin. For the measurement of social support a modified version of the Interview Schedule for Social Interaction was used. Health behaviors were measured by means of standard questionnaires. Lipids were analyzed by enzymatic and immunoturbidometric methods. Results: Women with a low serum cholesterol, defined as the lowest tenth of the cholesterol distribution (less than or equal to 4.7 mmol/1), reported significantly more depressive symptoms. In addition, depressive symptoms showed a significant inverse linear association with high-density lipoprotein (HDL). In multivariate models, which adjusted for smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise habits, body-mass index, waist-hip ratio, menopausal status, age, and educational level, these associations remained significant. In addition, when analyzed in relation to other psychosocial factors, low cholesterol was found to be strongly associated with lack of social support. This association was not explained by depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Low cholesterol levels in middle-aged healthy Swedish women were associated with a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms and with lack of social support. These findings may constitute a possible mechanism for the association found between low cholesterol and increased mortality, particularly suicide.
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| 3. |
- Horsten, M, et al.
(author)
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Psychosocial factors and heart rate variability in healthy women.
- 1999
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In: Psychosomatic Medicine. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0033-3174 .- 1534-7796. ; 61:1, s. 49-57
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to investigate associations between psychosocial risk factors, including social isolation, anger and depressive symptoms, and heart rate variability in healthy women. METHODS: The study group consisted of 300 healthy women (median age 57.5 years) who were representative of women living in the greater Stockholm area. For the measurement of social isolation, a condensed version of the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List was used and household size assessed. Anger was measured by the anger scales previously used in the Framingham study and depressive symptoms by a questionnaire derived from Pearlin. Health behaviors were measured by means of standard questionnaires. From 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring, both time and frequency domain measures were obtained: SDNN index (mean of the SDs of all normal to normal intervals for all 5-minute segments of the entire recording), VLF power (very low frequency power), LF power (low frequency power), HF power (high frequency power), and the LF/HF ratio (low frequency by high frequency ratio) were computed. RESULTS: Social isolation and inability to relieve anger by talking to others were associated with decreased heart rate variability. Depressive symptoms were related only to the LF/HF ratio. Adjusting for age, menopausal status, exercise and smoking habits, history of hypertension, and BMI did not substantially change the results. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest heart rate variability to be a mediating mechanism that could explain at least part of the reported associations between social isolation, suppressed anger, and health outcomes.
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| 4. |
- Möller, J, et al.
(author)
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Do episodes of anger trigger myocardial infarction? A case-crossover analysis in the Stockholm Heart Epidemiology Program (SHEEP).
- 1999
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In: Psychosomatic Medicine. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0033-3174 .- 1534-7796. ; 61:6, s. 842-9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Our objectives were to study anger as a trigger of acute myocardial infarction (MI) and to explore potential effect modification by usual behavioral patterns related to hostility. METHODS: This study was a case-crossover study within the Stockholm Heart Epidemiology Program. Exposure in the period immediately preceding MI was compared with exposure during a control period for each case. From April 1993 to December 1994, 699 patients admitted to coronary care units in Stockholm County were interviewed. RESULTS: During a period of 1 hour after an episode of anger, with an intensity of at least "very angry," the relative risk of MI was 9.0 (95% CI, 4.4-18.2). In patients with premonitory symptoms, the time of disease initiation may be misclassified. When restricting the analyses to those without such symptoms, the trigger risk was 15.7 (95% CI, 7.6-32.4). The possibility of examining effect modification was limited by a lack of statistical power (eight exposed cases). Results of the analyses suggested, however, an increased trigger effect among subjects reporting nonhostile usual behavior patterns, nonovert strategies of coping with aggressive situations (not protesting when being treated unfairly), and nonuse of beta-blockers. CONCLUSIONS: The hypothesis that anger may trigger MI is further supported, with an increased risk lasting for approximately 1 hour after an outburst of anger. It is suggested that the trigger risk may be modified by personal behavior patterns.
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| 6. |
- FISCHER, H, et al.
(author)
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UNTITLED
- 1995
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In: PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE. - 0033-3174. ; 57:1, s. 74-74
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
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