| 1. |
- Björvang, Richelle D., et al.
(author)
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Association of Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnancy and Perinatal Depression
- 2024
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In: Psychosomatic Medicine. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0033-3174 .- 1534-7796. ; 86:1, s. 52-58
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective Diabetes is frequently linked with depression, and both conditions are common complications during pregnancy. However, research findings exploring the relationship between diabetes mellitus in pregnancy (DMP) and perinatal depression (PND) have been inconsistent. Thus, this study seeks to examine the association between DMP and PND in a prospective population-based cohort.Methods Women aged 18 to 48 years (n = 4459) were identified from the Biology, Affect, Stress, Imaging and Cognition study. The diagnosis of DMP was based on International Classification of Diseases code O24 from medical records and was classified as pregestational, gestational, or unspecified diabetes. PND was assessed using psychometric instruments, clinical interviews, and/or register data and categorized into antepartum or postpartum depression. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to study the associations of DMP with antepartum and postpartum depression. The association between DMP and continuous depression scores, antepartum and postpartum, was investigated with multivariable linear regressions.Results Of 4459 pregnancies, 949 women had antepartum depression (21.2%) and 1123 had postpartum depression (25%). DMP had a prevalence of 1.2%. Women with DMP had twofold higher odds for postpartum depression compared with women without DMP. Although no association was observed between DMP and antepartum depression, DMP was associated with higher antepartum depression scores.Conclusions Our study shows an association between DMP and PND, which might be considered a risk factor when screening for high-risk groups.
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| 2. |
- Chen, Hua, et al.
(author)
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Death of a Parent During Childhood and the Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease and Stroke in Adult Men
- 2020
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In: Psychosomatic Medicine. - 0033-3174 .- 1534-7796. ; 82:9, s. 810-816
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective The death of a parent during childhood is a severe life event with potentially long-term consequences. Earlier studies have shown an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) after the death of a spouse, child, or sibling. Whether parental death during childhood is associated with an increased risk of incident CVD is unknown and was investigated in this study.MethodsWe studied 48,992 men born 1949 to 1951 and enlisted for military conscription in 1969 to 1970. We obtained information on death of a parent during childhood, CVD up to 2008, and covariates by linking the questionnaire and the clinical examination data from conscription with nationwide socioeconomic and health registers.ResultsMen who lost a parent during childhood had an increased risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD; adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.30 [1.13-1.49]) but not of stroke during the 39-year follow-up (adjusted HR [95% CI] = 0.87 [0.66-1.15]). Maternal death was associated with IHD both when the loss was due to cardiovascular (adjusted HR [95% CI] = 2.04 [1.02-4.08]) and unnatural causes (adjusted HR [95% CI] = 2.50 [1.42-4.42]); in case of paternal death, an increased IHD risk was observed only when the loss was due to cardiovascular causes (adjusted HR [95% CI] = 1.82 [1.37-2.42]). There were no substantial differences in CVD according to the child's age at the loss.ConclusionsParental death during childhood was associated with an increased risk of IHD in men. If these associations are confirmed in future studies, the long-term effects of childhood bereavement may warrant attention.
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| 3. |
- Lodder, Paul, et al.
(author)
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Type D Personality as a Risk Factor for Adverse Outcome in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease : An Individual Patient-Data Meta-analysis
- 2023
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In: Psychosomatic Medicine. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0033-3174 .- 1534-7796. ; 85:2, s. 188-202
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- ObjectiveType D personality, a joint tendency toward negative affectivity and social inhibition, has been linked to adverse events in patients with heart disease, although with inconsistent findings. Here, we apply an individual patient-data meta-analysis to data from 19 prospective cohort studies (N = 11,151) to investigate the prediction of adverse outcomes by type D personality in patients with acquired cardiovascular disease.MethodFor each outcome (all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality, myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass grafting, percutaneous coronary intervention, major adverse cardiac event, any adverse event), we estimated type D's prognostic influence and the moderation by age, sex, and disease type.ResultsIn patients with cardiovascular disease, evidence for a type D effect in terms of the Bayes factor (BF) was strong for major adverse cardiac event (BF = 42.5; odds ratio [OR] = 1.14) and any adverse event (BF = 129.4; OR = 1.15). Evidence for the null hypothesis was found for all-cause mortality (BF = 45.9; OR = 1.03), cardiac mortality (BF = 23.7; OR = 0.99), and myocardial infarction (BF = 16.9; OR = 1.12), suggesting that type D had no effect on these outcomes. This evidence was similar in the subset of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), but inconclusive for patients with heart failure (HF). Positive effects were found for negative affectivity on cardiac and all-cause mortality, with the latter being more pronounced in male than female patients.ConclusionAcross 19 prospective cohort studies, type D predicts adverse events in patients with CAD, whereas evidence in patients with HF was inconclusive. In both patients with CAD and HF, we found evidence for a null effect of type D on cardiac and all-cause mortality.
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| 4. |
- Müller, Bettina, et al.
(author)
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Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acid Ratios as Related to Gastrointestinal and Depressive Symptoms in Young Adults
- 2021
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In: Psychosomatic Medicine. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0033-3174 .- 1534-7796. ; 83:7, s. 693-699
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced by the gut microbiota and may reflect health. Gut symptoms are common in individuals with depressive disorders, and recent data indicate relationships between gut microbiota and psychiatric health. We aimed to investigate potential associations between SCFAs and self-reported depressive and gut symptoms in young adults. Methods: Fecal samples from 164 individuals (125 were patients with psychiatric disorders: mean [standard deviation] age = 21.9 [2.6] years, 14% men; 39 nonpsychiatric controls: age = 28.5 [9.5] years, 38% men) were analyzed for the SCFA acetate, butyrate, and propionate by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We then compared SCFA ratios with dimensional measures of self-reported depressive and gut symptoms. Results: Depressive symptoms showed a positive association with acetate levels (rho = 0.235, p =.003) and negative associations with both butyrate (rho = -0.195, p =.014) and propionate levels (rho = -0.201, p =.009) in relation to total SCFA levels. Furthermore, symptoms of diarrhea showed positive associations with acetate (rho = 0.217, p =.010) and negative associations with propionate in relation to total SCFA levels (rho = 0.229, p = 0-007). Cluster analysis revealed a heterogeneous pattern where shifts in SCFA ratios were observed in individuals with elevated levels of depressive symptoms, elevated levels of gut symptoms, or both. Conclusions: Shifts in SCFAs are associated with both depressive symptoms and gut symptoms in young adults and may have of relevance for treatment.
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| 5. |
- Piiroinen, Ilkka, et al.
(author)
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Sense of Coherence and Mortality : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- 2020
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In: Psychosomatic Medicine. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0033-3174 .- 1534-7796. ; 82:6, s. 561-567
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective The aim of the study was to investigate the association between sense of coherence (SOC) and all-cause mortality in the general adult population.Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. We searched eight electronic bibliographic databases for eligible studies. A random effects model and the restricted maximum likelihood method were used to calculate the pooled effect size.Results Eight studies were eligible for the meta-analysis. The studies included 48,138 participants, of whom 5307 died during a median follow-up of 14.1 years (range, 8-29.5 years). Their age ranged from 20 to 80 years, and 53% of them were men. In the meta-analysis model of crude values, the risk of all-cause mortality for individuals with a weak SOC (lowest tertile) was 1.30 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09-1.55, p =.003, I2 = 78.84%) compared with individuals with a strong SOC (highest tertile). In the model adjusted for age, the risk remained almost the same (risk ratio = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.15-1.38, p <.001, I2 = 69.59%). In the model adjusted for several other risk factors for mortality, the risk was still 1.17 (95% CI = 1.07-1.27, p <.001, I2 = 57.85%).Conclusions This meta-analysis shows that a weak SOC is associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in the general adult population. Future studies are needed to further develop assessment tools for SOC with good psychometric properties and to determine the disease processes that mediate the association of SOC with mortality.
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| 6. |
- Sigström, Robert, 1982, et al.
(author)
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The Predictive Value of Health Anxiety for Cancer Incidence and All-Cause Mortality: A 44-Year Observational Population Study of Women
- 2021
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In: Psychosomatic Medicine. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0033-3174 .- 1534-7796. ; 83:2, s. 157-163
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Long-term data concerning mortality and serious illness as a function of health anxiety are scarce. We aimed to study health anxiety in relation to long-term mortality and cancer morbidity among women. Methods: A Swedish population sample of women (n = 770; ages, 38-54 years) took part in a general medical and psychiatric examination in 1968 to 1969 and were followed up until 2013 in national Swedish registries for all-cause mortality and first diagnosis of cancer. A modified version of the Whiteley Index questionnaire (maximum score, 12) was used to measure health anxiety. Scores were trichotomized based on quartiles as no (score 0, lowest quartile), mild-moderate (score 1-2, middle quartiles), and high (score >= 3, highest quartile) health anxiety. Risks of death and cancer were evaluated with Cox regression models. Results: Compared with women with mild-moderate health anxiety levels, women with no health anxiety had a higher risk of death (age-adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00-1.49; fully adjusted for baseline sociodemographic, mental, and physical health variables: HR, 1.44, 95% CI = 1.17-1.76). Women with high health anxiety levels had a greater risk of death in age-adjusted analysis (HR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.04-1.54; fully adjusted HR = 1.21, 95% CI = 0.98-1.49). For both groups, the mortality risk was time dependent and declined during follow-up. We observed no between-group differences in the risk of cancer. Conclusions: In this population-based cohort of midlife women, health anxiety was moderately associated with mortality in a U-shaped fashion. Absence of health anxiety entailed the greatest risk when other factors were taken into account.
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| 8. |
- Thumann, Barbara F., et al.
(author)
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Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations Between Psychosocial Well-Being and Cardiometabolic Markers in European Children and Adolescents
- 2020
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In: PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE. - 0033-3174 .- 1534-7796. ; 82:8, s. 764-773
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Research examining aspects of positive mental health as potential predictors of cardiometabolic health in young populations is scarce. We investigated the associations between psychosocial well-being and waist circumference (WAIST), blood pressure (BP), the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol considering life-style factors as mediators. Methods: Data of European children and adolescents participating in the baseline (2007/2008), first follow-up (FU1; 2009/2010) and second follow-up (FU2; 2013/2014) examinations of the IDEFICS/I.Family study were used (n(cross-sectional) = 6519;n(longitudinal) = 1393). A psychosocial well-being score was calculated from 16 items on emotional well-being, self-esteem, and social relationships (0-48 points). Cardiometabolic markers were transformed to age- and sex-specific and, in case of BP, also height-specificzscores. Life-style factors included diet, physical activity, sleep, and electronic media use. Applying path analysis, we obtained unstandardized estimates of direct and indirect effects of well-being on cardiometabolic markers. Results: Cross-sectionally, well-being score showed a negative direct and a negative indirect effect through life-style factors on WAISTzscore (estimate per 4-point increase, -0.051 [p = .001] and -0.014 [p < .001], respectively). Longitudinally, positive changes in well-being score between baseline and FU1 and between FU1 and FU2, respectively, demonstrated negative indirect effects through life-style factors(FU2) on WAIST z score(FU2). Both cross-sectionally and longitudinally, higher levels of well-being showed lowering indirect effects on homeostasis model assessment, BP, and triglyceridezscores and an increasing indirect effect on high-density lipoprotein cholesterolzscore through both life-style factors and WAISTzscore. Conclusions: These results supported our hypothesis that a healthier life-style may be one mechanism through which higher well-being is linked with lower abdominal obesity and fewer other cardiometabolic disorders in young populations.
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