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- Andersén, Mikael, 1985-, et al.
(author)
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Diagnosis‐specific self‐image predicts longitudinal suicidal ideation in adult eating disorders
- 2017
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In: International Journal of Eating Disorders. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0276-3478 .- 1098-108X. ; 50:8, s. 970-978
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Eating disorders (ED) are prevalent, serious illnesses with elevated mortality, mainly attributable to suicide. Predictors of suicidality include binge/purge symptomatology, impulsivity, and psychiatric comorbidity, as well as personality factors. Recent research has also shown self‐image (the Structural Analysis of Social Behavior, SASB, model) to predict manifest suicide attempts in ED, and the study explored suicide risk prediction to increase knowledge of warning signs and intervention targets.Method: Participants were adult ED patients registered in the Stepwise clinical database (N = 1537) with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), binge‐eating disorder (BED), or other specified feeding and eating disorder (OSFED). The SASB self‐image questionnaire was used in stepwise regressions to predict 12‐month suicidal ideation, both self‐ and clinician‐rated, in models both excluding and including baseline clinical variables.Results: Validation analyses showed fair correspondence between outcome variables as well as with suicide attempts. Different variables predicted suicidality in different diagnoses, over and above baseline clinical variables in all but one regression model. Low Self‐protection was important in AN and BN, high Self‐control in AN, and high Letting go of the self in BN. For BED, self‐blame explained variance, and in OSFED, lack of self‐love.Discussion: Findings are in line with research showing differential self‐image‐based prediction of important outcomes in ED, with noteworthy consistencies across diagnoses and suicidality variables. Strengths included the large sample, and limitations pertained to measures, attrition and Type II error risk. Replication is needed, but findings are consistent with some previous work and offers clinical and research implications.
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- Berkowitz, Staci A., et al.
(author)
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Childhood body mass index in adolescent-onset anorexia nervosa
- 2016
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In: International Journal of Eating Disorders. - : Wiley. - 1098-108X .- 0276-3478. ; 49:11, s. 1002-1009
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Although weight history is relevant in predicting eating disorder symptom severity, little is known about its role in the etiology of anorexia nervosa (AN). This study aimed to determine whether BMI or BMI trajectory differed between individuals who later developed adolescent-onset AN and a comparison group of HCs between school grades 1 through 6.METHOD: This study was based on longitudinal data that identified 51 adolescents with AN and 51 matched HCs. Cases were identified through community screening in Sweden and included individuals born in 1969 through 1977. Measured weights and heights were retrieved and BMIs and weight trajectories of the AN and HC groups were compared using growth curve analysis. Main outcome measures included measured BMI and BMI trajectories from grades 1-6. Secondary outcomes examined included ponderal index at birth and maternal body weight.RESULTS: Individuals who later developed AN had higher BMIs than HCs between grades 1 and 6, by an average of 1.42 BMI-units. There was no difference in rate of weight gain between groups. Ponderal index at birth was higher for the AN as compared with HC group. Maternal weight did not differ significantly between groups.DISCUSSION: These findings, combined with those previously reported on the premorbid BMIs of those with bulimia nervosa, suggest that a predisposition toward elevated premorbid BMIs during childhood characterizes those who later develop anorexia or bulimia nervosa. These findings are consistent with a transdiagnostic perspective and suggest shared risk factors for AN and obesity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(Int J Eat Disord 2016).
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- Bould, Helen, et al.
(author)
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Parental mental illness and eating disorders in offspring
- 2015
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In: International Journal of Eating Disorders. - : Wiley. - 0276-3478 .- 1098-108X. ; 48:4, s. 383-391
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate which parental mental illnesses are associated with eating disorders in their offspring.METHOD: We used data from a record-linkage cohort study of 158,679 children aged 12-24 years at the end of follow-up, resident in Stockholm County from 2001 to 2007, to investigate whether different parental mental illnesses are risk factors for eating disorders in their offspring. The outcome measure was diagnosis of any eating disorder, either from an ICD or DSM-IV code, or inferred from an appointment at a specialist eating disorder clinic.RESULTS: Mental illness in parents is a risk factor for eating disorders in female offspring (Adjusted Hazard Ratio (AHR) 1.57 (95% CI 1.42, 1.92), p < 0.0001). Risk of eating disorders is increased if there is a parental diagnosis of bipolar affective disorder (AHR 2.28 (95% CI 1.39, 3.72), p = 0.004), personality disorder (AHR 1.57 (95% CI 1.01, 2.44), p = 0.043) or anxiety/depression (AHR 1.57 (95% CI 1.32, 1.86), p < 0.0001). There is a lack of statistical evidence for an association with parental schizophrenia (AHR 1.41 (95% CI 0.96, 2.07), p = 0.08), and somatoform disorder (AHR 1.25 (95% CI 0.74, 2.13), p = 0.40). There is no support for a relationship between parental substance misuse and eating disorders in children (AHR 1.08 (95% CI 0.82, 1.43), p = 0.57).DISCUSSION: Parental mental illness, specifically parental anxiety, depression, bipolar affective disorder, and personality disorders, are risk factors for eating disorders in their offspring.
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- Dakanalis, Antonios, et al.
(author)
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Predictors of initiation and persistence of recurrent binge eating and inappropriate weight compensatory behaviors in college men
- 2016
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In: International Journal of Eating Disorders. - : Wiley. - 0276-3478 .- 1098-108X. ; 49:6, s. 581-590
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- ObjectiveThe transition to college is considered as a risk period for the development of behavioral symptoms of eating disorders (BSEDs) and some evidence suggests that, amongst men, these symptoms occurring on a regular basis remain relatively stable over the college period. Nevertheless, little is known about factors associated with persistent engagement in and initiation of recurrent (or regular) binge eating and inappropriate weight compensatory behaviors in this population. The objective of this report was to address these research gaps. MethodData were examined from 2,555 male first-year college students who completed an assessment of potential vulnerability factors and BSEDs at the beginning of the autumn semester (baseline) and nine months later (end of the spring semester; follow-up). ResultsElevated negative affectivity, body dissatisfaction, self-objectification, and lower self-esteem at baseline were predictive of persistent engagement in regular binge eating and four compensatory behaviors (self-induced vomiting, laxative/diuretic abuse, fasting, exercise) at follow-up, as well as initiation of all these behaviors occurring regularly (i.e., at least weekly for 3 months). Self-objectification (thinking and monitoring the body's outward appearance from a third-person perspective) emerged as the largest contributor of both the initiation and persistence of all behavioral symptoms. DiscussionData emphasize that the same psychological factors underlie initiation and persistence of recurrent BSEDs and should shape the focus of future interventions for college men.
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| 9. |
- Dinkler, Lisa, et al.
(author)
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Visual scanning during emotion recognition in long-term recovered anorexia nervosa : An eye-tracking study
- 2019
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In: International Journal of Eating Disorders. - : Wiley. - 0276-3478 .- 1098-108X. ; 52:6, s. 691-700
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To examine Facial Emotion Recognition (FER) and visual scanning behavior (eye-tracking) during FER in women long-term recovered from teenage-onset anorexia nervosa (recAN) with and without autism spectrum disorder (±ASD) and age-matched comparison women (COMP), using a sensitive design with facial emotion expressions at varying intensities in order to approximate real social contexts. Method: Fifty-seven 38–47-year-old women (26 recAN of whom six with ASD, 31 COMP) participated in the study. They completed a non-verbal FER task, consisting of matching basic emotions at different levels of expression intensity with full emotional expressions. Accuracy, response time and visual scanning behavior were measured. Results: There were no differences between recAN-ASD and COMP in FER accuracy and visual scanning behavior during FER, including eye viewing and hyperscanning. In an exploratory analysis, recAN+ASD were more accurate than recAN-ASD in identifying expressions at low intensity, but not at medium or high expression intensity. Accuracy was not associated with the extent of attention to the eye region. Discussion: Our data indicate that women long-term recovered from adolescent-onset AN do not have deficits in basic FER ability and visual scanning behavior during FER. However, the presence of comorbid ASD might affect face processing in recovered AN. Future studies investigating basic FER in acute and recovered AN and other conditions need to ensure that the stimuli used are sensitive enough to detect potential deficits.
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