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- Arthur-Farraj, Peter J., et al.
(author)
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c-Jun Reprograms Schwann Cells of Injured Nerves to Generate a Repair Cell Essential for Regeneration
- 2012
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In: Neuron. - : Elsevier BV. - 0896-6273 .- 1097-4199. ; 75:4, s. 633-647
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The radical response of peripheral nerves to injury (Wallerian degeneration) is the cornerstone of nerve repair. We show that activation of the transcription factor c-Jun in Schwann cells is a global regulator of Wallerian degeneration. c-Jun governs major aspects of the injury response, determines the expression of trophic factors, adhesion molecules, the formation of regeneration tracks and myelin clearance and controls the distinctive regenerative potential of peripheral nerves. A key function of c-Jun is the activation of a repair program in Schwann cells and the creation of a cell specialized to support regeneration. We show that absence of c-Jun results in the formation of a dysfunctional repair cell, striking failure of functional recovery, and neuronal death. We conclude that a single glial transcription factor is essential for restoration of damaged nerves, acting to control the transdifferentiation of myelin and Remak Schwann cells to dedicated repair cells in damaged tissue.
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- Bergmann, O., et al.
(author)
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The Age of Olfactory Bulb Neurons in Humans
- 2012
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In: Neuron. - : Elsevier BV. - 0896-6273 .- 1097-4199. ; 74:4, s. 634-639
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Continuous turnover of neurons in the olfactory bulb is implicated in several key aspects of olfaction. There is a dramatic decline postnatally in the number of migratory neuroblasts en route to the olfactory bulb in humans, and it has been unclear to what extent the small number of neuroblasts at later stages contributes new neurons to the olfactory bulb. We have assessed the age of olfactory bulb neurons in humans by measuring the levels of nuclear bomb test-derived C-14 in genomic DNA. We report that C-14 concentrations correspond to the atmospheric levels at the time of birth of the individuals, establishing that there is very limited, if any, postnatal neurogenesis in the human olfactory bulb. This identifies a fundamental difference in the plasticity of the human brain compared to other mammals.
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- Dudai, Yadin, et al.
(author)
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To simulate or not to simulate : What are the questions?
- 2014
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In: Neuron. - : Elsevier BV. - 0896-6273 .- 1097-4199. ; 84:2, s. 254-261
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Simulation is a powerful method in science and engineering. However, simulation is an umbrella term, and its meaning and goals differ among disciplines. Rapid advances in neuroscience and computing draw increasing attention to large-scale brain simulations. What is the meaning of simulation, and what should the method expect to achieve? We discuss the concept of simulation from an integrated scientific and philosophical vantage point and pinpoint selected issues that are specific to brain simulation.
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