| 1. |
- Allwood, Carl Martin, et al.
(author)
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Children's and adults' realism in their event-recall confidence in responses to free recall and focused questions
- 2008
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In: Psychology, Crime and Law. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1068-316X .- 1477-2744. ; 14:6, s. 529-547
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Two experiments examined the realism in the confidence of 8-9-year-olds, 12-13-year-olds and adults in their free recall and answers to focused questions after viewing a short video clip. A different video clip was shown in each experiment and the focused questions differed in difficulty. In both experiments the youngest age group, in contrast to the two other age groups, showed no overconfidence in their confidence judgements for the free recall. The free recall results also showed that the youngest group had lower completeness but similar correctness as the adults. There was a tendency, over both experiments, for the participants to show poorer realism for the focused questions than for the free recall, especially when questions with content already mentioned in the free recall were excluded from the analyses of the focused questions in Experiment 1. The study shows the importance of question format when evaluating the credibility of the confidence shown by 8-9-year-old children in their own testimony.
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| 2. |
- Allwood, Carl Martin, et al.
(author)
-
Children's and adults' realism in their event-recall confidence in responses to free recall and focused questions
- 2008
-
In: Psychology, Crime and Law. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1477-2744 .- 1068-316X. ; 14:6, s. 529-547
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Two experiments examined the realism in the confidence of 8-9-year-olds,12-13-year-olds and adults in their free recall and answers to focused questions after viewing a short videoclip. A different videoclip was shown in each experiment and the focused questions differed in difficulty. In both experiments the youngest age group, in contrast to the two other age groups, showed no overconfidence in their confidence judgements for the free recall. The free recall results also showed that the youngest group had lower completeness but similar correctness as the adults. There was a tendency, over both experiments, for the participants to show poorer realism for the focused questions than for the free recall, especially when questions with content already mentioned in the free recall were excluded from the analyses of the focused questions in Experiment1. The study shows the importance of questionformat when evaluating the credibility of the confidence shown by 8-9-year-old children in their own testimony.
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| 3. |
- Allwood, Carl Martin, 1952, et al.
(author)
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Eyewitnesses under influence: How feedback affect the realism in confidence
- 2006
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In: Psychology, Crime & Law. - : Informa UK Limited. ; 12:1, s. 25-38
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study investigated the effect of two types of feedback (confirmatory and disconfirmatory) on the accuracy in witness’ confidence judgements of their event memory. Overall the witnesses evidenced overconfidence both when they received feedback and in the control condition (no feedback). The results showed that confirmatory feedback caused higher overconfidence, compared both with when receiving disconfirmatory and no feedback. The results suggest that the impact of feedback on the accuracy of confidence judgments show the same pattern of results for event memory as for line-up identification tasks. Finally, when witnesses rated the total number of questions that they had answered correctly they gave fairly correct estimates compared with their actual number of correct answers.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Christianson, Sven A., et al.
(author)
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Recognition of previous eyewitness testimony from an altered interrogation protocol : Potential effects of distortions
- 2007
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In: Psychology, Crime and Law. - 1068-316X .- 1477-2744. ; 13:6, s. 583-589
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effect of protocol presentation on witnesses' tendency to point out errors in a transcribed version of their verbal testimony was examined in two experiments. Participants were shown a film depicting a robbery and were subsequently questioned. In the process of typing out the testimony, there were six distortions entered into the protocol. When participants were asked to check the content for approval, they either listened to the experimenter reading the protocol out aloud, or read it on their own. The results showed that witnesses who had listened to the content being read to them pointed out significantly fewer distortions, and suggest that protocol presentation may have important implications for the justice system.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Lardén, Martin, et al.
(author)
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Moral judgement, cognitive distortions and empathy in incarcerated delinquent and community control adolescents
- 2006
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In: Psychology, Crime and Law. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1068-316X .- 1477-2744. ; 12:5, s. 453-462
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Immature moral judgements, cognitive distortions and low empathy could contribute to criminal offending and are often targeted in interventions aimed at reducing risk of recidivism. We compared 58 delinquent 13 18-year-olds, incarcerated in youth homes in Sweden (29 males, 29 females) with 58 (29 males, 29 females) community control adolescents individually matched on age, gender, ethnicity and socio-economic position. Self-report questionnaires examined moral judgement, cognitive distortions, and empathy. Delinquent adolescents exhibited less mature moral judgements and more cognitive distortions than control adolescents. However, no association between delinquency status and self-reported empathy was found. In addition, girls reported more mature moral judgements, less cognitive distortions and more empathy than boys did. Moral judgement and empathy were positively correlated and both measures were negatively correlated with cognitive distortions. Our data support the idea that moral judgement and cognitive distortions are important treatment targets for juvenile delinquents, whereas empathy may be less meaningful to address directly.
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| 8. |
- Lindqvist, Judit, et al.
(author)
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Internal reliability and construct validity of the Novaco Anger Scale-1998-S in a sample of violent prison inmates in Sweden
- 2005
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In: Psychology, Crime and Law. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1068-316X .- 1477-2744. ; 11:2, s. 223-237
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this study, the internal reliability and construct validity of the recently adapted Swedish version of the Novaco Anger Scale (NAS-1998-S; Lindqvist, Dderman, & Hellstrm, Social Behavior and Personality, 8, 773-788, 2003), as well as its scale correlations with demographic and criminality variables, were investigated. Construct validity was established by assessing the correlation pattern of the scales of NAS-1998-S with concurrent scales of similar and distinct constructs. Ninety-five male violent prisoners, ranging in age from 18 to 67 years, participated. The results demonstrated good internal reliability, consistent intrascale relationships, and appropriate construct validity of NAS-1998-S. The number of previous convictions had a moderate negative relationship with the capacity of control. Age and education correlated negatively with the NAS-1998-S scales, except Regulation. In addition to psychometric issues, the results were discussed from a clinical perspective on the offender population.
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