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- Andrén, Daniela, Associate Professor, 1968-
(author)
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Prioritizing Suicide Prevention through the Lens of the Individual's Well-Being
- 2023
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In: Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1091-4358 .- 1099-176X. ; 26:Suppl. 1, s. S4-S4
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background: The need for priority setting in healthcare became evident during the Covid-19 pandemic, when planned care was postponed facilitating emergency treatment of Covid-19 patients, raisinquestions about the population’s preferences.Aim: To estimate the population values interventions reducing the number of suicides in comparison to treatments reducing the number of deaths due to other causes in a country where healthcare system has a pronounced public character and a declared emphasis on equity and solidarity during a time when the limited healthcare resources were predominantly allocated for the treatment of Covid patients.Data and Methods: The data was collected via a web survey sent to members of the web panel Userneeds during a tree-week period starting with the last week of December 2021, when media was informing the population about global experts and politicians’ huge concern about the extremely high infection risk of the Omicron. The survey was designed to identify the populations’ preferences for the allocation of the limited health care resources to save lives. An online discrete choice experiment was conducted among a sample of 1000 respondents to elicit the relative importance placed on reducing the number of deaths due to suicide in comparison to deaths due to pancreatic cancer, breast cancer and acute heart attack. The sample is representative with respect age, gender, and geographical region for the adult population of Sweden.Results: Respondents with high value of life satisfaction and no experience of any of the four health conditions chose to allocate a given limited healthcare budget for relatively young people but not to suicide. When not controlling for the individual’s life satisfaction, the respondents seem to prioritize the interventions that reduce the risk of young people to die due to suicide and breast cancer.Discussion: Even though the derived value of suicide prevention is near the average willingness to pay for suicide prevention, in general, a value derived using Wellbeing Valuation should not be seen as the actual amount that people would be willing to pay.
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| 2. |
- Andrén, Daniela, Associate Professor, 1968-
(author)
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Valuing Mental Illness by Using the Well-Being Valuation Method
- 2022
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In: Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1091-4358 .- 1099-176X. ; 25:Suppl. 1, s. S2-S2
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background: Each year, near one million individuals worldwide commit suicide, and several more make suicide attempts. Both suicide and suicide attempts are a source of tremendous grief among friends and relatives of the victim, which generate large costs for society. This has prompted calls for more research on interventions that prevent suicide and self-harm behaviors, their costs and the society willingness to pay (WTP) for such interventions. Suicide screening followed by an intervention may identify suicidal individuals and prevent recurring self-harm, but few cost-effectiveness studies have been conducted.Aims of the Study: We aim to derive the value of suicide prevention by using the wellbeing valuation method.Methods: We use data collected from a representative sample of 1038 Swedish residents aged 18-80, who were randomly selected from a web-panel. They answered questions about the importance of interventions aimed prevent suicide and their WTP for these interventions. They also reported their life-satisfaction, their direct and indirect experience with mental disorders, including knowing someone who committed suicide or suicide attempt, variable needed to apply the well-being approach. In a first step, we estimate life satisfaction equations, controlling additionally to the well-known determinants such as satisfaction with health, income, and martial satisfaction, for variables related to suicide (e.g., the individual’s awareness about suicide because a close friend or relative committed suicide or had a suicide attempt and the individual’s s willingness to pay for suicide prevention). In the second step, we derive the value of suicide prevention by using the estimates of awareness about suicide and income from the life satisfaction equations.Results: Our preliminary estimates show that knowing someone who committed suicide or suicide attempt has positive significant effect on the individual’s life satisfaction, and the preliminary derived value of suicide prevention is near the average willingness to pay for suicide prevention.Discussion: Even though the derived value of suicide prevention is near the average willingness to pay for suicide prevention, in general, a value derived using Wellbeing Valuation should not be seen as the actual amount that people would be willing to pay.
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| 3. |
- Martínez de Alva, Patricio, et al.
(author)
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The cost-effectiveness of a virtual intervention to prevent eating disorders in young women in Sweden
- 2023
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In: International Journal of Eating Disorders. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0276-3478 .- 1098-108X. ; 26, s. S20-S20
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- ObjectiveTo determine the cost-effectiveness of a virtual version of the Body Project (vBP), a cognitive dissonance-based program, to prevent eating disorders (ED) among young women with a subjective sense of body dissatisfaction in the Swedish context.MethodA decision tree combined with a Markov model was developed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of the vBP in a clinical trial population of 149 young women (mean age 17 years) with body image concerns. Treatment effect was modeled using data from a trial investigating the effects of vBP compared to expressive writing (EW) and a do-nothing alternative. Population characteristics and intervention costs were sourced from the trial. Other parameters, including utilities, treatment costs for ED, and mortality were sourced from the literature. The model predicted the costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) related to the prevention of incidence of ED in the modeled population until they reached 25 years of age. The study used both a cost-utility and return on investment (ROI) framework.ResultsIn total, vBP yielded lower costs and larger QALYs than the alternatives. The ROI analysis denoted a return of US $152 for every USD invested in vBP over 8 years against the do-nothing alternative and US $105 against EW.DiscussionvBP is likely to be cost-effective compared to both EW and a do-nothing alternative. The ROI from vBP is substantial and could be attractive information for decision makers for implementation of this intervention for young females at risk of developing ED.Public SignificanceThis study estimates that the vBP is cost-effective for the prevention of eating disorders among young women in the Swedish setting, and thus is a good investment of public resources.
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| 4. |
- Ryen, Linda, 1974-, et al.
(author)
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Economic Evaluations of Suicide Prevention - A Review of the Empirical Literature with Focus on How to Value Suicide Prevention
- 2023
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In: Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1091-4358 .- 1099-176X. ; 26:Suppl. 1, s. S28-S28
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background: In Sweden, suicide is the most common external cause of death and is accounting for a growing share of potential years of life lost due to injuries. To help policymakers in how to prioritize interventions to reduce the number of the suicides, there is a need for economic evaluations. However, the number of economic evaluations of suicide prevention is scarce. One reason for this can be an insecurity about how to include a reduction in the suicide rate.Aims of the Study: The aim of this paper is to review the literature of economic evaluations for suicide prevention, with a specific focus on the methods used to value the benefits from the intervention.Methods: A literature review based on searches in the electronic bibliographic databases: PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar, from 2000 until October 2022. The search was independently conducted by two separate researchers. The goal was to identify papers which contained an original economic evaluation of an intervention aimed at preventing suicides that was published in a peer-reviewed journal.Results: Our final search resulted in 515 hits, including duplicates. Most studies were excluded after the first screening of the abstracts and titles. The most common reason for exclusion was that the study did not evaluate an intervention for suicide prevention. A total of 13 papers was included in the final analysis.Discussion and Conclusion: We find that there is a lack of economic evaluations of interventions to reduce the number of suicides. Furthermore, the ones that do exist varies both in quality and in which methods that are being used to measure and value the outcome.Implications for Further Research: For the economic evaluations to be comparable and thereby helping policymakers to answer the question which intervention that is most cost-effective to reduce the number of suicides there is a need for standardization and methodological improvements.
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