1. |
- Elfgren, C, et al.
(author)
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Neuropsychological findings in frontal lobe dementia
- 1993
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In: Dementia (Switzerland). - : S. Karger AG. - 1013-7424. ; 4:3-4, s. 9-214
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Neuropsychological investigations were performed on 18 patients with a clinical diagnosis of frontal lobe dementia supported by regional cerebral blood flow measurements. Nature and degree of cognitive impairment were examined with a comprehensive test battery. The results of the neuropsychological assessment could be described as three levels of cognitive impairment. The increasing levels of cognitive impairment were accompanied by corresponding levels of reduced cerebral blood flow in frontotemporal areas. No apparent relationship emerged between impairment level and illness duration, indicating a considerable individual variation in the clinical course of frontal lobe dementia.
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2. |
- Elmstahl, S., et al.
(author)
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Quantitative EEG in elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease and healthy controls
- 1994
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In: Dementia (Switzerland). - : S. Karger AG. - 1013-7424. ; 5:2, s. 119-124
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Multichannel (19) EEG were analyzed in 23 female patients with rather advanced late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) and compared with 56 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. The quantified EEG was correlated with psychometric and clinical variables. The control subjects showed increasing theta activity with age but the EEG changes did not correlate significantly with psychometric features. The AD patients showed highly significant increases in delta and theta activity and decreases in beta activity compared with controls. The EEG changes were most marked over posterior regions of the brain. The individual EEG variables showed a high degree of intercorrelation and an almost complete discrimination between patients and controls was accomplished by taking only the posterior delta activity into account. In a subgroup of 10 patients, in which a Mini Mental test score could be obtained, the score correlated with the relative theta power.
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3. |
- Elmståhl, Sölve, et al.
(author)
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A study of regional cerebral blood flow using 99mTc-HMPAO-SPECT in elderly women with senile dementia of alzheimer’s type
- 1994
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In: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 5:6, s. 302-309
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Thirteen women with senile dementia of Alzheimer’s type (SDAT) according to NINCDS-ADRDA and 21 age-matched control women, aged 75-96 years, were investigated with clinical examination, dementia rating scales and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using99mTc-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HM-PAO) as a tracer of regional cortical blood flow. The aim was to study whether typical SPECT findings of SDAT were seen also in the very old having the disease for a longer period. Neuropsychological assessment with vocabulary and spatial tests was performed in the control women, and the results were divided in three subgroups, normal, borderline and abnormal. Regional perfusion values, expressed as a ratio between cortical and cerebellar HM-PAO uptake, were lower in frontal, temporoparietal and occipital cortices in SDAT patients than in controls. The SDAT patients had the lowest uptake in the posterior temporoparietal region (0.67 ± 0.06) and the corresponding value in the controls (0.79 ± 0.05) differed significantly, p < 0.0001. The interhemispheric ratio between right and left posterior temporoparietal regions was 0.99 ± 0.05. Nine of the control women (43%) had pathological SPECT with hemispheric asymmetries in 6 cases and bilateral temporooccipital reductions in 3 women. The neuropsychological assessment matched the findings in 7 of these women. One of the control women was judged as pathological and 10 women as borderline according to the spatial and vocabulary tests. Four of the 10 women with borderline results had normal SPECT. The sensitivity of the assessment to detect abnormalities compared to SPECT was 78% if borderline and abnormal results were expressed as true-positive cases. The specificity was 67%. The results showed a high degree of pathological findings according to SPECT and neuropsychological assessment in otherwise healthy elderly women.
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4. |
- Johansson, Barbro
(author)
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Pathogenesis of vascular dementia: the possible role of hypertension
- 1994
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In: Dementia (Switzerland). - : S. Karger AG. - 1013-7424. ; 5:3-4, s. 174-176
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In spite of the fact that hypertension is the main risk factor for cerebrovascular disease, retrospective studies have not given a clear answer concerning the role of hypertension in vascular dementia. Hypertension predisposes to intracerebral and extracerebral arterial alterations which may cause cerebrovascular events by a number of mechanisms. In addition to the established association between hypertension and stroke, the role of hypertension for silent white matter hyperintensities (WMHIs) observed on magnetic resonance imaging is debated. Data are presented indicating that WMHIs are rare below the age of 55 in normotensive individuals but are not infrequent when the blood pressure is moderately or markedly increased. It is proposed that the possible role of hypertension in vascular dementia should be evaluated in prospective studies of hypertensive populations.
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5. |
- Minthon, Lennart, et al.
(author)
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Tacrine treatment modifies cerebrospinal fluid neuropeptide levels in Alzheimer's disease
- 1994
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In: Dementia (Switzerland). - : S. Karger AG. - 1013-7424. ; 5:6, s. 295-301
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Biochemical and histochemical studies have demonstrated a widespread deficit in the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (DAT). Multiple disturbances in several transmitter systems have been found. The most consistent neurochemical changes in DAT are reductions in the cholinergic system. The major pharmacological approach today in DAT is based on the cholinergic theory assuming that acetylcholine has a major cortical impact on cognitive processes. Tetrahydroaminoacridine (THA, tacrine) is a centrally active reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. A large number of trials have been performed in patients with DAT. This article was to evaluate whether THA treatment induced neuropeptide alteration in DAT before and after 1 year on oral THA treatment.
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6. |
- Warkentin, Siegbert, et al.
(author)
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Functional activation of the frontal lobes. Regional cerebral blood flow findings in normals and in patients with frontal lobe dementia performing a word fluency test
- 1993
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In: Dementia (Switzerland). - : S. Karger AG. - 1013-7424. ; 4:3-4, s. 188-191
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present study examined the utility of the Word Fluency Test (WFT) as a frontal-lobe-activating test in brain imaging. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured during rest and during the WFT in 49 healthy volunteers and in 15 patients with frontal lobe dementia (FLD). The results showed a highly significant frontal lobe activation in 85% of the normal subjects. This finding was not related to age or to the level of performance on the WFT. A significant frontal activation was seen in 13 of the 15 FLD patients. The frontal flow increase did not reach normal levels, and was not related to age, illness duration or severity of clinical symptoms. The results suggest that the WFT is an ideal test to use in conjunction with functional imaging in normals as well as in patients with organic dementia.
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