| 1. |
- Kannisto, P, et al.
(author)
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Intraovarian adrenergic nerves in the guinea-pig : development from fetal life to sexual maturity
- 1984
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In: Cell and Tissue Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0302-766X .- 1432-0878. ; 238:2, s. 40-235
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The development of the intraovarian adrenergic nervous system was investigated in the guinea-pig by use of chemical determination of catecholamines with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and with the formaldehyde-induced fluorescence method for visualization of adrenergic nerves (Falck-Hillarp technique). Ovaries from fetuses (39-40, 45-50, 55-57, 60-63 days of gestation) and young animals (1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 30, 40-45 days of age) were included in the study. The noradrenaline concentration was low in the ovaries from the youngest fetuses but increased with age, reaching a maximum level at 2 days post partum. A marked decrease in noradrenaline concentration from the second to the third day of life was found as a consequence of the rapid increase in the ovarian weight during this time. A similar decrease in ovarian noradrenaline concentration after a period of rapid ovarian growth was noted at 30 days of age. Measurable amounts of adrenaline were found in the ovary only in the fetal stages; the highest concentration (0.73 microgram) was detected at 55-57 days of gestation.
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| 2. |
- Tågerud, Sven, et al.
(author)
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Lysosomes in skeletal muscle following denervation. Time course of horseradish peroxidase uptake and increase of lysosomal enzymes
- 1984
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In: Cell and Tissue Research. - 0302-766X .- 1432-0878. ; 236:1, s. 73-79
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The in-vivo uptake of exogenously applied horseradishperoxidase and the activities of the lysosomal enzymesacid phosphatase and cathepsin D were studied histochemicallyand/or biochemically in innervated and2-14 day-denervated tibialis anterior muscles of the mouse.The biochemically determined uptake of horseradish peroxidaseshowed a large increase already 4 days after denervation.The activities of the lysosomal enzymes increased ina more gradual fashion, and only cathepsin D showed anincrease in activity when expressed as total activity per muscle.Histochemically horseradish peroxidase was found tobe localized in muscle fibres in characteristic spindle-shapedsegments after denervation. The main increase in thenumber of such segments per transverse section of the muscleoccurred between 3 and 6 days after denervation. Inserial sections these segments frequently showed positivestaining also for acid phosphatase.It is concluded that exogenously applied horseradishperoxidase is taken up into the lysosomal system, whichafter denervation becomes organized into characteristicspindle-shaped segments in the muscle fibres. The endocyticactivity of muscle fibres increases early after denervation.This is followed by a more gradual increase in activity oflysosomal enzymes and finally by an organization of thelysosomal system into characteristic spindle-shaped segments.The results are compatible with the working hypothesisthat increased endocytosis may initiate lysosomal activationin denervated skeletal muscle.
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| 3. |
- Ekström, P., et al.
(author)
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Ontogenetic development of the pineal organ, parapineal organ, and retina of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. (Teleostei) - Development of photoreceptors
- 1983
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In: Cell and Tissue Research. - 0302-766X. ; 233:3, s. 593-609
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The ontogenetic developments of the pineal organ, parapineal organ, and retina were studied by the use of light and electron microscopy in embryos and fry of the teleost, Gasterosteus aculeatus, from 60 to 168 h after fertilization. Sixty to 66 h after fertilization, the primordium of the pineal complex is discernible in the diencephalic roofplate; the parapineal anlage is located rostral to the pineal anlage. Photoreceptor cells endowed with outer segments are present in the embryonic pineal organ already after 72 h, whereas outer segments of retinal photoreceptors could not be demonstrated before 144 h (hatching occurs between 120-144 h). Furthermore, neuropil formations with synaptic specializations are present in the rostral part of the pineal organ 108 h after fertilization. At 72 h, the embryonic parapineal parenchyma is already differentiated into parapinealocytes, which give rise to the parapineal tract, and glia-resembling elements. Although parapinealocytes carry cilia (9 × 2 + 0), only a single outer segment of the photoreceptor type could be demonstrated in the parapineal organ of one adult stickleback. Photoreceptors present in the pineal organ of unhatched embryos are hardly involved in visual functions, but may already at this early developmental stage serve as photoneuroendocrine transducers.
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| 4. |
- Ekström, Peter
(author)
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Retinofugal projections in the eel, Anguilla anguilla L. (Teleostei), visualized by the cobalt-filling technique
- 1982
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In: Cell and Tissue Research. - 0302-766X. ; 225:3, s. 507-524
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The retinofugal projections in the eel were studied by use of the cobalt-filling technique. The optic tract projects contralaterally to the hypothalamic optic nucleus, the anterior periventricular nucleus, the lateral geniculate nucleus, the dorsomedial optic nucleus, four pretectal recipient areas, the optic tectum, and the tegmentum. Small ipsilateral projections were demonstrated in the hypothalamic optic nucleus, the dorsomedial optic nucleus, and the optic tectum.
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| 5. |
- Elofsson, Rolf
(author)
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5-HT-like immunoreactivity in the central nervous system of the crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus
- 1983
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In: Cell and Tissue Research. - 1432-0878. ; 232, s. 221-236
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An immunocytochemical technique with the use of three different antibodies raised against serotonin was applied to localize the immunoreactive neurons in the central nervous system of the crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus. Immunoreactive neurons were found in three optic ganglia (medulla externa, interna and terminalis). They appeared in three layers of the medulla externa and interna. The medulla terminalis displayed three prominent groups of immunoreactive perikarya and mainly marginal immunoreactive fibres. Immunoreactive areas of the brain comprised the protocerebral bridge, central body, paracentral lobes and two loci in the anterior portion of the protocerebrum, i.e., the terminal areas for immunoreactive fibres from the optic centres. The olfactory lobes showed a specific immunoreactive pattern. In addition, diffusely and sparsely distributed immunoreactive fibres were found throughout the brain. The immunoreactive neurons are largely localized in the same areas of the central nervous system as the catecholaminergic neurons although some distinct differences occur.
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| 6. |
- Jarhult, J, et al.
(author)
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VIP (vasoactive intestinal polypeptide)--immunoreactive innervation of the portal vein
- 1982
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In: Cell and Tissue Research. - 1432-0878. ; 221:3, s. 617-624
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Nerve fibres displaying immunoreactivity for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) were found in the wall of the portal vein in cats, guinea pigs, rats and mice. In whole-mount preparations a sparse network of VIP fibres was seen in the vessel wall. Electrical field stimulation of the rat portal vein in vitro caused a significant release of VIP. The results suggest that VIP ergic nerve fibres play a role in the regulation of portal blood flow.
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| 7. |
- Järhult, Johannes, et al.
(author)
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Immunohistochemical localization and vascular effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in skeletal muscle of the cat
- 1980
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In: Cell and Tissue Research. - 1432-0878. ; 207:1, s. 55-64
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Scattered vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-immunoreactive nerves were found in the striated muscle of the hind limb of the cat, where they usually were associated with small blood vessels. VIP-immunoreactive nerves were also demonstrated in the sciatic nerve; after ligation an abundance of intensely immunoreactive VIP fibres were seen proximal to the ligation. Intraarterial infusion of VIP into isolated hind limb of the cat had dramatic effects on different sections of the vascular bed. Thus, VIP dilated the resistance vessels leading to a marked increment in muscle blood flow. VIP also relaxed the capacitance vessels causing regional pooling of blood; it increased the capillary surface area available for fluid exchange. Infusions of VIP at a dose of 8 microgram/min significantly inhibited the vasoconstriction, induced by electrical stimulation of the regional sympathetic nerves. It is suggested that local nervous release of VIP may act as a modulator of vascular tone in skeletal muscle.
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| 8. |
- Nilsson, Dan-E, et al.
(author)
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The compound eye of Leptodora kindtii (Cladocera): : An adaptation to planctonic life.
- 1983
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In: Cell and Tissue Research. - 1432-0878. ; 230, s. 40-410
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Each of the approximately 500 ommatidia in the compound eye of the cladoceran crustacean Leptodora kindtii has a crystalline cone consisting of five cells. Five retinula cells are also present, one of which contributes to the distal 1–2 μm of the rhabdom only; the other four retinula cells form a continuous rhabdom. Throughout the rhabdom its cross section displays two separate halves with the axis of the microvilli in one half perpendicular to that in the other (orthogonal pattern). Interferometric analysis of the refractive index of the crystalline cone revealed an inhomogeneous system with one distal and one proximal gradient. The gradient system was found to exclude rays entering from adjacent facets, thus maintaining the optical isolation. Consequently, these optics replace distal screening pigment, which is absent in the eye. The long and unscreened crystalline cones give rise to an almost transparent eye in conformity with the overall transparency of this planktonic animal.The morphological characteristics of the eye of this species deviate from other cladoceran eyes, but the optical design closely resembles that of some pelagic marine amphipod crustaceans.
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| 9. |
- Odselius, Rolf, et al.
(author)
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The basement membrane of the insect and crustacean compound eye: definition, fine structure and comparative morphology
- 1981
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In: Cell and Tissue Research. - 1432-0878. ; 216, s. 201-214
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The basement membrane of the compound eye of four insect species and three crustacean species was investigated employing electron microscopy. The basement membrane consists of an extracellular (basal lamina) and a cellular portion, the latter being composed of the flattened terminal extensions of cone cells and accessory pigment cells in insects and distal pigment cells in crustaceans. Other cells can also contribute to the basement membrane. It is thus a complex structure in all well-developed compound eyes. The cellular contributions vary in different species and were found to correlate to specific taxonomic units.
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| 10. |
- van Veen, Theo, et al.
(author)
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Serotonin and opsin immunoreactivities in the developing pineal organ of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L.
- 1984
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In: Cell and Tissue Research. - 0302-766X. ; 237:3, s. 559-564
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin)- and opsin-immunoreactive sites were studied in the developing pineal complex of the stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L., by use of light-microscopic indirect immunoperoxidase techniques. 5-HT immunoreactivity first occurs in the pineal organ at the age of 80 h after fertilization and appears to be localized in cells of the photoreceptor type. The outer segments of a few pineal photosensory cells exhibit opsin immunoreactivity at the age of 84 h after fertilization. The number of cells seems to increase until the pineal organ is completely developed. The increase in the number of 5-HT immunoreactive perikarya runs parallel in time to that of the opsinimmunoreactive outer segments. The cells of the parapineal organ show neither opsin nor 5-HT immunoreactivity. The retina of the embryonic stickleback does not display opsin immunoreactivity until after hatching, which takes place about 144 h after fertilization. These results suggest, in the three-spined stickleback, an earlier light-perception capacity for the developing pineal organ than for the retina.
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