| 1. |
- Bale, Tim, et al.
(author)
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A Taste of Honey Is Worse Than None at All?
- 2006
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In: Party Politics. - : SAGE Publications. - 1354-0688 .- 1460-3683. ; 12:2, s. 189-202
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Some parties support rather than join the executive, thereby operating in a grey area between opposition and office – in governance but not in government. Previous research on the New Zealand Greens’ experience as a support party has shown that this liminal position may prove a blessing or a curse – or, more likely, a mixture of both. This article compares the experience of the Swedish Greens. While the Swedish party gained more on policy, it suffered the same frustrations as its Kiwi counterpart with regard to consultation, to the media and to a government that could potentially find support elsewhere. It, too, avoided overwhelming internal tensions, but was likewise left wanting more. Neither party broke into government at the next election, but tried to put lessons learned into practice when supporting centre–left cabinets once again. That the challenges encountered were so similar suggests the possibility that they are common to support parties elsewhere.
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| 2. |
- Bale, Tim, et al.
(author)
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A taste of honey is worse than none at all? : generic challenges of support party status in Sweden and New Zealand
- 2006
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In: Party Politics. - : SAGE Publications. - 1354-0688 .- 1460-3683. ; 12:2, s. 189-209
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Some parties support rather than join the executive, thereby operating in a grey area between opposition and office – in governance but not in government. Previous research on the New Zealand Greens’ experience as a support party has shown that this liminal position may prove a blessing or a curse – or, more likely, a mixture of both. This article compares the experience of the Swedish Greens. While the Swedish party gained more on policy, it suffered the same frustrations as its Kiwi counterpart with regard to consultation, to the media and to a government that could potentially find support elsewhere. It, too, avoided overwhelming internal tensions, but was likewise left wanting more. Neither party broke into government at the next election, but tried to put lessons learned into practice when supporting centre–left cabinets once again. That the challenges encountered were so similar suggests the possibility that they are common to support parties elsewhere.
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| 3. |
- Bäck, Hanna
(author)
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Intra-party politics and coalition formation - Evidence from Swedish local government
- 2008
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In: Party Politics. - Univ Twente, Dept Polit Sci & Res Methods, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. : SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD. - 1354-0688 .- 1460-3683. ; 14:1, s. 71-89
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Traditional theories about government formation in parliamentary democracies are based on the assumption that parties can be characterized as unitary actors. Many authors have questioned the soundness of this assumption. The problem with keeping it is that we may miss important factors explaining why certain coalitions form if we do not consider the role of intra-party politics. In this article, I evaluate two hypotheses drawn from a discussion about intra-party politics and coalition formation, hypotheses stating that, internally democratic parties and factionalized parties are less likely to get into government. Using different methods of evaluating coalition theories on data from Swedish local government, I find support for both hypotheses. It is concluded that we should consider the internal workings of parties when explaining and predicting coalition formation.
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| 4. |
- Johansson, Karl Magnus, et al.
(author)
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Regulating Europarties : Cross-party coalitions capitalizing on incomplete contracts
- 2005
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In: Party Politics. - : SAGE Publications. - 1354-0688 .- 1460-3683. ; 11:5, s. 515-534
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Political parties organized at the European level, Europarties, have become more relevant actors in the European Union. Constitutional and legal rules have recognized their role in the EU political system, they now receive funding from the Union’s budget and the strengthening of the European Parliament offers them more opportunities for influencing the EU policy process. Drawing on extensive interview material, we explain why and how Europarties have strengthened their position and show the crucial part played by coalitions of leading personalities of the Europarties. In piecemeal fashion, these coalitions have capitalized on ‘incomplete contracts’ ever since the opening created by the Party Article in the Maastricht Treaty and have successfully argued for a stronger position for the Europarties. Analysing the regulation, we combine rational choice and historical institutionalism and in the concluding discussion look ahead at the future of Europarties
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Engelsberg, Karl, et al.
(author)
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Early development of retinal subtypes in long-term cultures of human embryonic retina.
- 2008
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In: Current Eye Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0271-3683 .- 1460-2202. ; 33:2, s. 185-191
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: To study early signs of neuronal and glial differentiation in the human embryonic retina. Materials and Methods: 6.5-to 8-week-old human embryos were obtained from elective abortions. The neuroretinas were kept in culture as full-thickness sheets for 7-42 days. Results: The control retinas consisted of a neuroblast cell layer and a thin marginal zone. Most explants displayed presence of retinal lamination, but also contained regions of disorganization. Vimentin labeling showed vertically arranged Müller cells in all explants. Recoverin-labeled photoreceptors appeared in explants kept 14 days and longer. By labeling with antibodies against PKC and parvalbumin, rod bipolar cells and amacrine cells could be seen in explants kept for 42 days in culture.Conclusions: We have shown that the embryonic full-thickness neuroretina can survive in a culture environment for at least 6 weeks, and can develop several types of the retina-specific neuronal and glial cells.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Petersen, Anne, 1962, et al.
(author)
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The proteasome and intracellular redox status: implications for apoptotic regulation in lens epithelial cells.
- 2007
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In: Current eye research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0271-3683 .- 1460-2202. ; 32:10, s. 871-82
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: This study aimed to investigate redox regulation of the proteasome as well as the effect of proteasome inhibition on intracellular oxidative status and apoptosis. Methods: Oxidative stress was induced in cultured human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) and intact mouse lenses by 100 mu M H(2)O(2). HLECs were also exposed to the reduced and the oxidized forms of glutathione (GSH/GSSG) and the reducing agent dithiotreitol (DTT). The chymotrypsin-like, the trypsin-like, and the peptidylglutamyl peptidase activities of the proteasome were measured using synthetic fluorogenic substrates. Superoxide as well as peroxide production, mitochondrial membrane potential, and the level of GSH was measured in HLECs after proteasome inhibition by MG-132 or lactacystin. Apoptosis was determined by measuring caspase-3 activation and by studying apoptotic nuclei after staining with Hoechst 33342. Results: All three peptidase activities of the proteasome were inhibited by 100 mu M H(2)O(2) and by the oxidized form of glutathione (GSSG), whereas the reduced form (GSH) stimulated chymotrypsin-like and peptidylglutamyl peptidase activities in HLECs lysates. Intact mouse lenses exposed to 100 mu M H(2)O(2) exhibited loss of transparency and trends of decreased chymotrypsin-like proteasome activity as well as decreased GSH levels. Inhibition of the proteasome in cultured HLECs caused significant increase in apoptosis and disturbed intracellular redox balance. Simultaneous addition of exogenous GSH completely abolished the increased apoptosis seen after MG-132 treatment. Conclusions: This study supports the hypothesis that intracellular proteolytic and oxidative regulatory systems are tightly coupled. The current data also indicate that apoptosis by proteasome inhibition is mediated through oxidative mechanisms.
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