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- Öjehagen, Agneta, et al.
(author)
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Defense mechanisms in alcoholics attending outpatient treatment. : Results from the MCT-test (Meta-Contrast Technique)
- 1993
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 34:3, s. 8-282
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Defensive strategies were studied in 72 alcoholics participating in outpatient treatment by using, before the treatment started, the Meta-Contrast Technique, MCT, a percept-genetic method. Alcoholics had less often adaptive strategies than controls. A lack of adaptive defense strategies was related to a more impaired psychic status, more psychological benefits from drinking, and more psychiatric symptoms but not to severity of alcoholism or results of psychometric tests (intellectual level, field-dependence, spatial performance). It does not seem inconceivable that the MCT could be used as a diagnostic tool in treatment planning.
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- Fransson, Per, 1946-, et al.
(author)
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Defense Mechanism Test (DMT) and Kernberg’s theory of personality organization related to adolescents in psychiatric care
- 1997
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 38:2, s. 95-102
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- 75 adolescent psychiatric patients were diagnosed with the perceptual projective test the Defense Mechanism Test (DMT) and also according to Kernberg’s theory of personality organization (PO). The test protocols were scored in respect of 130DMT variables and analyzed by means of partial least squares (PLS) discriminant analysis. The objective was to try to separate the three types of PO, psychotic (PPO), borderline (BPO) and neurotic (NPO) by means of the DMT and also to compare the results with a similar study on adult psychiatric patients. The results showed that it is possible to separate significantly the three groups of PO. The BPO group seemed to be heterogeneous. The results were fairly similar to those obtained with adult psychiatric patients. The overall results supported the concurrent validity of Kernberg’s theory of PO and for the DMT as well. The DMT seems to be a useful diagnostic method in respect of adolescent psychiatric patients.
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| 7. |
- Fransson, Per, 1946-, et al.
(author)
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Gender differences and the Defense Mechanism Test : A comparative study of adolescents in psychiatric care and healthy controls
- 1998
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 39:2, s. 93-99
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this paper was to study gender differences in the percept-genetic method Defense Mechanism Test (DMT) among a group of 60 adolescent subjects. Three subgroups were used: patients with psychotic disorders (Axis 1); borderline personality disorder (Axis 2) according to the DSM-IV classification system, and a non-patient group. The test protocols were scored with respect to 124 DMT variables and analyzed by means of the multivariate projection method Partial Least Squares (PLS) in latent structures. The overall results showed considerable gender differences in the whole group as well as in the subgroups. The most striking finding was that girls compared to boys were characterized by the perceptual defense identification with the opposite sex, which means that they perceived male gestalts instead of females in the stimulus picture. When both gender and diagnostic group membership were considered simultaneously, the influence of diagnostic group membership seemed to be stronger than gender even if there was an interaction between diagnoses and gender. It was concluded that gender must be considered when the DMT is used on adolescent populations.
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- Gustafson, Stefan, 1968-, et al.
(author)
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Intelligence and dyslexia : Implications for diagnosis and intervention
- 1999
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley InterScience. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 40:2, s. 127-134
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper we critically examine theoretical issues and practical consequences of including IQ in the definition of dyslexia. According to the discrepancy criterion individuals are classified as dyslexic if their reading skills are below what would be expected from their IQ scores. However, we argue that intelligence is a fuzzy concept and that there is no clear causal relationship between intelligence level and word decoding skills. Also, high and low IQ poor readers show the same reading performance patterns, indicating that both groups might benefit from the same remedial activities. Evidence for the critical role of phonological skills in dyslexia is presented and a more recent definition of dyslexia is discussed in relation to these findings. Finally, two alternative, more outcome-based classifications of poor readers are suggested and some critical consequences for individual interventions are outlined.
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