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- Guath, Mona, et al.
(author)
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Pupillary response in reward processing in adults with major depressive disorder in remission
- 2023
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In: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1355-6177 .- 1469-7661. ; 29:3, s. 306-315
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective:Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with impaired reward processing and reward learning. The literature is inconclusive regarding whether these impairments persist after remission. The current study examined reward processing during a probabilistic learning task in individuals in remission from MDD (n = 19) and never depressed healthy controls (n = 31) matched for age and sex. The outcome measures were pupil dilation (an indirect index of noradrenergic activity and arousal) and computational modeling parameters.Method:Participants completed two versions (facial/nonfacial feedback) of probabilistic reward learning task with changing contingencies. Pupil dilation was measured with a corneal reflection eye tracker. The hypotheses and analysis plan were preregistered.Result:Healthy controls had larger pupil dilation following losses than gains (p <.001), whereas no significant difference between outcomes was found in individuals with a history of MDD, resulting in an interaction between group and outcome (beta = 0.81, SE = 0.34, t = 2.37, p = .018). The rMDD group also achieved lower mean score at the last trial (t[46.77] = 2.12, p = .040) as well as a smaller proportion of correct choices (t[46.70] = 2.09, p = .041) compared with healthy controls.Conclusion:Impaired reward processing may persist after remission from MDD and could constitute a latent risk factor for relapse. Measuring pupil dilation in a reward learning task is a promising method for identifying reward processing abnormalities linked to MDD. The task is simple and noninvasive, which makes it feasible for clinical research.
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- Payton, Nicola M., et al.
(author)
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Combining Cognitive Markers to Identify Individuals at Increased Dementia Risk : Influence of Modifying Factors and Time to Diagnosis
- 2020
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In: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society. - 1355-6177 .- 1469-7661. ; 26:8, s. 785-797
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: We investigated the extent to which combining cognitive markers increases the predictive value for future dementia, when compared to individual markers. Furthermore, we examined whether predictivity of markers differed depending on a range of modifying factors and time to diagnosis. Method: Neuropsychological assessment was performed for 2357 participants (60þ years) without dementia from the population-based Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen. In the main sample analyses, the outcome was dementia at 6 years. In the time-todiagnosis analyses, a subsample of 407 participants underwent cognitive testing 12, 6, and 3 years before diagnosis, with dementia diagnosis at the 12-year follow-up. Results: Category fluency was the strongest individual predictor of dementia 6 years before diagnosis [area under the curve (AUC) = .903]. The final model included tests of verbal fluency, episodic memory, and perceptual speed (AUC = .913); these three domains were found to be the most predictive across a range of different subgroups. Twelve years before diagnosis, pattern comparison (perceptual speed) was the strongest individual predictor (AUC = .686). However, models 12 years before diagnosis did not show significantly increased predictivity above that of the covariates. Conclusions: This study shows that combining markers from different cognitive domains leads to increased accuracy in predicting future dementia 6 years later. Markers from the verbal fluency, episodic memory, and perceptual speed domains consistently showed high predictivity across subgroups stratified by age, sex, education, apolipoprotein E ϵ4 status, and dementia type. Predictivity increased closer to diagnosis and showed highest accuracy up to 6 years before a dementia diagnosis.
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- van den Hurk, Wobbie, et al.
(author)
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Swedish Normative Data for Mindmore : A Comprehensive Cognitive Screening Battery, Both Digital and Self-Administrated
- 2022
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In: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society. - 1355-6177 .- 1469-7661. ; 28:2, s. 188-202
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Cognitive impairment is a key element in most mental disorders. Its objective assessment at initial patient contact in primary care can lead to better adjusted and timely care with personalised treatment and recovery. To enable this, we designed the Mindmore self-administrative cognitive screening battery. What is presented here is normative data for the Mindmore battery for the Swedish population. Method: A total of 720 healthy adults (17 to 93 years) completed the Mindmore screening battery, which consists of 14 individual tests across five cognitive domains: attention and processing speed, memory, language, visuospatial functions and executive functions. Regression-based normative data were established for 42 test result measures, investigating linear, non-linear and interaction effects between age, education and sex. Results: The test results were most affected by age and to a lesser extent by education and sex. All but one test displayed either linear or accelerated age-related decline, or a U-shaped association with age. All but two tests showed beneficial effects of education, either linear or subsiding after 12 years of educational attainment. Sex affected tests in the memory and executive domains. In three tests, an interaction between age and education revealed an increased benefit of education later in life. Conclusion: This study provides normative models for 14 traditional cognitive tests adapted for self-administration through a digital platform. The models will enable more accurate interpretation of test results, hopefully leading to improved clinical decision making and better care for patients with cognitive impairment.
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