| 1. |
- Andersson, Linus, 1985-, et al.
(author)
-
Kinship and socio-economic status : Social gradients in frequencies of kin across the life course in Sweden
- 2023
-
In: Population Studies. - 0032-4728 .- 1477-4747.
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The influence of kin on various outcomes is heavily debated. However, kinship size itself conditions the probability of potential effects. Socio-economic gradients in the prevalence, variance, and types of kin are, therefore, a vital aspect of the functions of kin. Unfortunately, these parameters are largely unknown. We used Swedish register data to enumerate consanguine and in-law kin across the life course of the 1975 birth cohort. We calculated differences in kinship size between this cohort’s income quartiles and educational groups. We decomposed how specific kin relations, generations, and demographic behaviours contributed to these differences. Among low socio-economic status (SES) groups, higher fertility in earlier generations resulted in more kin compared with high-SES groups. Low-SES groups had more horizontal consanguine kin, while high-SES groups had more in-laws. Lower fertility and higher union instability among low-SES men substantially narrowed SES differences in kinship size. Kinship size varied substantially within SES groups.
|
|
| 2. |
- Baranowska-Rataj, Anna, 1980-, et al.
(author)
-
Preterm birth and educational disadvantage : heterogeneous effects
- 2023
-
In: Population Studies. - : Routledge. - 0032-4728 .- 1477-4747. ; 77:3, s. 459-474
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Although preterm birth is the leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality in advanced economies, evidence about the consequences of prematurity in later life is limited. Using Swedish registers for cohorts born 1982–94 (N = 1,087,750), we examine the effects of preterm birth on school grades at age 16 using sibling fixed effects models. We further examine how school grades are affected by degree of prematurity and the compensating roles of family socio-economic resources and characteristics of school districts. Our results show that the negative effects of preterm birth are observed mostly among children born extremely preterm (<28 weeks); children born moderately preterm (32–<37 weeks) suffer no ill effects. We do not find any evidence for a moderating effect of parental socio-economic resources. Children born extremely preterm and in the top decile of school districts achieve as good grades as children born at full term in an average school district.
|
|
| 3. |
- Barclay, Kieron, et al.
(author)
-
Interpregnancy intervals and perinatal and child health in Sweden : A comparison within families and across social groups
- 2020
-
In: Population Studies. - : Routledge. - 0032-4728 .- 1477-4747. ; 74:3, s. 363-378
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A large body of research has shown that children born after especially short or long birth intervals experience an elevated risk of poor perinatal outcomes, but recent work suggests this may be explained by confounding by unobserved family characteristics. We use Swedish population data on cohorts born 1981–2010 and sibling fixed effects to examine whether the length of the birth interval preceding the index child influences the risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and hospitalization during childhood. We also present analyses stratified by salient social characteristics, such as maternal educational level and maternal country of birth. We find few effects of birth intervals on our outcomes, except for very short intervals (less than seven months) and very long intervals (>60 months). We find few differences in the patterns by maternal educational level or maternal country of origin after stratifying by the mother’s highest educational attainment.
|
|
| 4. |
- Dabergott, Filip
(author)
-
The gendered widowhood effect and social mortality gap
- 2022
-
In: Population Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0032-4728 .- 1477-4747. ; 76:2, s. 295-307
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- With few exceptions, greater disparities in mortality risk by socio-economic status (SES) have been found among men than among women. Most research has also shown that the higher mortality risk after widowhood (the widowhood effect) is greater for men. However, a different picture appears when examining these associations jointly. Based on Swedish register data, this study shows that widowhood weakens, or even reverses, the sex differences in socio-economic disparities in mortality. The overall findings also indicate that higher SES elevates the widowhood effect for men but diminishes it for women, and that the widowhood effect is greater for women than men in the lowest SES categories. These results imply that men with higher SES are more vulnerable after widowhood, perhaps because of their previous relatively privileged situation. The disadvantage of widows in lower SES categories may reflect exposure to financial strains after spousal loss and inequalities in the healthcare system.
|
|
| 5. |
- Dribe, Martin, et al.
(author)
-
Social class and fertility: A Long-run analysis of Southern Sweden, 1922–2015
- 2021
-
In: Population Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1477-4747 .- 0032-4728. ; 75:3, s. 305-323
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper examines social class differences in fertility, using longitudinal micro-level data for a regionalsample in Sweden, 1922–2015. Using discrete-time event history models, we estimated the associationbetween social class and parity-specific duration to next birth, adjusting for household income in separatemodels. Social class was associated with fertility quite independently from income and the association wasboth parity-dependent and sex-specific. For transitions to parenthood, higher class position wasassociated with higher fertility for men and lower fertility for women before 1970, but then converged intoa positive association for both sexes after 1990. For continued childbearing, a weak U-shaped relationshipbefore 1947 turned into a positive relationship for second births and a negative relationship for higher-order births in the period after 1990. These patterns likely reflect broader changes in work–familycompatibility and are connected to profound shifts in labour markets and institutional arrangements intwentieth-century Sweden.
|
|
| 6. |
- Eurenius, Anna-Maria, 1966
(author)
-
A family affair: Evidence of chain migration during the mass emigration from the county of Halland in Sweden to the United States in the 1890s
- 2020
-
In: Population Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0032-4728 .- 1477-4747. ; 74:1, s. 103-118
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper examines the influence of individual and household factors on an individual’s propensity to emigrate from Halland, a region in south-west Sweden, to the United States during the era of mass migration in the late nineteenth century. The study has a case–control design, using individual-level longitudinal data for a group of emigrants (cases) and a group of non-emigrants (controls). Results indicate the importance of a family’s emigration history; individuals whose relatives had previously moved to the United States were more likely to emigrate themselves. In addition, the results also show how this impact varied between groups and how other factors relating to the individual’s life situation affected the migration decision. Thus, this paper shows how chain migration and migration networks play important roles during times of mass migration.
|
|
| 7. |
- Jalovaara, Marika, et al.
(author)
-
Parity disparity : Educational differences in Nordic fertility across parities and number of reproductive partners
- 2022
-
In: Population Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0032-4728 .- 1477-4747. ; 76:1, s. 119-136
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Most research on trends in socio-economic fertility differences has focused on cohort total fertility and on women. This study aimed to analyse how cohort trends in parity-specific fertility differ across educational segments for men and women and what role multi-partner fertility plays in these trends. We used Finnish and Swedish register data on cohorts born in 1940-73/78. The main analyses used parity progression ratios, comparing ordinary ratios with similar ratios using births to first reproductive partners only. Among the low and medium educated, we observe strengthening parity polarization across cohorts, with increases in both childlessness and births of order three or higher, the latter largely reflecting increases in multi-partner fertility. Highly educated men and women more often have exactly two children. We demonstrate that cohort total fertility can mask significant parity-specific trends across educational groups and that changes in multi-partner fertility can play a part in cohort trends in socio-economic fertility differentials.
|
|
| 8. |
- John, Ben Malinga, 1988-, et al.
(author)
-
Fertility decline in sub-Saharan Africa : Does remarriage matter?
- 2022
-
In: Population Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0032-4728 .- 1477-4747. ; 76:2, s. 213-233
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The interplay between remarriage and fertility is among the most poorly documented subjects in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), despite remarriage being one of the fundamental aspects of marriage dynamics in this region. We use Demographic and Health Survey data from 34 countries in SSA to document the association between remarriage and fertility during the reproductive years and over the fertility transition. The findings show that in 29 countries, remarried women end up having fewer children than women in intact unions, despite attaining similar or higher levels of fertility at early reproductive ages. However, remarriage is found to have a positive effect on fertility in Sierra Leone. The effects of remarriage on fertility diminish as fertility declines, with smaller effects generally observed in countries that are relatively advanced in their fertility transition and larger effects found elsewhere. These findings shed light on the role that remarriage might play in country-level fertility declines.
|
|
| 9. |
- Keenan, Katherine, et al.
(author)
-
Health outcomes of only children across the life course : An investigation using Swedish register data
- 2023
-
In: Population Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0032-4728 .- 1477-4747. ; 77:1, s. 71-90
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Only children (with no full biological siblings) are a growing subgroup in many high-income settings. Previous studies have largely focused on the short-term developmental outcomes of only children, but there is limited evidence on their health outcomes. Using Swedish population register data for cohorts born 1940–75, we compare the health of only children with that of children from multi-child sibling groups, taking into account birth order, family size, and presence of half-siblings. Only children showed lower height and fitness scores, were more likely to be overweight/obese in late adolescence, and experienced higher later-life mortality than those with one or two siblings. However, only children without half-siblings were consistently healthier than those with half-siblings, suggesting that parental disruption confers additional disadvantages. The health disadvantage was attenuated but not fully explained by adjustment for parental characteristics and after using within-family maternal cousin comparison designs.
|
|
| 10. |
- Kolk, Martin, 1986-
(author)
-
The relationship between life-course accumulated income and childbearing of Swedish men and women born 1940-70
- 2023
-
In: Population Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0032-4728 .- 1477-4747. ; 77:2, s. 197-215
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study uses income accumulated over ages 20–60 to examine whether richer or poorer individuals have more children. Income histories are calculated using yearly administrative register data from contemporary Sweden for cohorts born 1940–70. Differences by parity and income distribution are examined separately by sex. There is a strong positive gradient between accumulated disposable income (and to a lesser extent earnings) and fertility for men in all cohorts and a gradual transformation from a negative to a positive gradient for women. In particular, accumulated incomes are substantially lower for childless men and women than those with children. For men, fertility increases monotonically with increasing income, whereas for women much of the positive gradient results from low fertility among women with very low accumulated incomes in later cohorts. Most of the positive income–fertility gradient can be explained by the high incomes of men and women with two to four children.
|
|
