| 1. |
- Adolfsson, Per I, et al.
(author)
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Zinc Induces a Bell-shaped Proliferative Dose-response Effect in Cultured Smooth Muscle Cells From Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.
- 2015
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In: Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0090-4295 .- 1527-9995. ; 85:3, s. 704.e15-704.e19
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of zinc (Zn(2+)) concentrations on cultured benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation.METHODS: The effects of Zn(2+) were studied in primary cultures of human BPH SMC, stimulated with either 10-μM lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) or LPA in combination with 100-nM testosterone. Deoxyribonucleic acid replication and protein synthesis using [(3)H]-thymidine and [(35)S]-methionine incorporation were measured. Furthermore, studies were performed to evaluate if Zn(2+) could potentiate the inhibitory effect of phosphodiesterase-5 blockers, on BPH SMC proliferation.RESULTS: Zn(2+) generated a bell-shaped concentration response, both regarding deoxyribonucleic acid replication and protein synthesis in cultured BPH SMC. Below a threshold value (approximately 200 μM), a significant mitogenic effect was seen, whereas higher concentrations inhibited SMC proliferation after stimulation with LPA. This effect was even more pronounced after stimulation of LPA in combination with testosterone. Moreover, phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, that is, sildenafil blocked LPA-stimulated BPH SMC proliferation. This antiproliferative effect, was significantly potentiated by coincubation with Zn(2+) in an additative manner.CONCLUSION: The bell-shaped concentration response of Zn(2+) on cultured BPH SMC proliferation suggests that changes in prostate Zn(2+) concentrations, during aging, diet, or inflammatory conditions, may be of importance in the pathogenesis of BPH.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Egevad, L, et al.
(author)
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Reply by the Authors
- 2016
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In: Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1527-9995 .- 0090-4295. ; 96, s. 179-180
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 5. |
- Hautmann, Richard E, et al.
(author)
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Urinary diversion: how experts divert.
- 2015
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In: Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1527-9995 .- 0090-4295. ; 85:1, s. 233-238
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To determine the rates of the available urinary diversion options for patients treated with radical cystectomy for bladder cancer in different settings (pioneering institutions, leading urologic oncology centers, and population based).
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| 6. |
- Joost, Patrick, et al.
(author)
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Urinary Tract Cancer in Lynch Syndrome; Increased Risk in Carriers of MSH2 Mutations.
- 2015
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In: Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1527-9995 .- 0090-4295. ; 86:6, s. 1212-1217
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To evaluate the risk of urothelial cancer in the upper urinary tract and the bladder, determine the contribution from the different mismatch-repair genes and define clinical characteristics of urothelial cancer in Lynch syndrome.
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| 7. |
- Kedia, George T., et al.
(author)
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Expression and Distribution of Phosphodiesterase Isoenzymes in the Human Male Urethra
- 2015
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In: Urology. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 0090-4295 .- 1527-9995. ; 85:4, s. 964.e1-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression and distribution of phosphodiesterase (PDE) isoenzymes PDE1A, PDE2A, PDE4A, PDE4B, and PDE5A in human urethral tissue. METHODS Specimens of penile urethra were obtained from male subjects who had undergone male-to-female sex reassignment surgery. Using immunohistochemistry (immunofluorescence), the occurrence of PDE1A, PDE2A, PDE4A, PDE4B, and PDE5A, the neuronal nitric oxide synthase, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide was examined in urethral sections. Cytosolic supernatants prepared from isolated human urethral tissue were subjected to Western blot analysis using specific anti-PDE antibodies. RESULTS Immunosignals specific for PDE1A, 4A, 4B, and 5A were observed in the urethral smooth musculature. The smooth muscle bundles were seen innervated by slender nerve fibers, characterized by the expression of the neuronal nitric oxide synthase, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. The expression of the PDE isoenzymes mentioned was confirmed by Western blotting. CONCLUSION The results provide evidence for a significance of both the cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate signaling in the control of human urethral smooth muscle. The selective inhibition of PDE isoenzymes might represent a pharmacologic option to influence the function of smooth musculature in the human outflow region.
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| 8. |
- Klaff, Rami, et al.
(author)
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The Long-term Disease-specific Mortality of Low-risk Localized Prostate Cancer: A Prospective Population-based Register Study Over Two Decades
- 2016
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In: Urology. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 0090-4295 .- 1527-9995. ; 91, s. 77-82
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE To identify prognostic factors, and to estimate the long-term disease-specific and annual disease-specific mortality rates of low-risk prostate cancer patients from the early prostate-specific antigen (PSA) era. PATIENTS AND METHODS We studied data extracted from the Southeast Region Prostate Cancer Register in Sweden, on 1300 patients with clinically localized low-risk tumors, T1-2, PSA level amp;lt;= 10 mu g/L and Gleason scores 2-6 or World Health Organization Grade 1, diagnosed 1992-2003. The Cox multivariate regression model was used to evaluate factors predicting survival. Prostate cancer death rates per 1000 person-years were estimated for 4 consecutive follow-up time periods: 0-5, 5-10, 10-15, and 15+ years after diagnosis. RESULTS During the follow-up of overall survivors (mean 10.6 years; maximum 21.8 years), 93 patients (7%) died of prostate cancer. Cancer-specific survival was 0.98 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.97-0.99), 0.95 (95% CI 0.93-0.96), 0.89 (95% CI 0.86-0.91), and 0.84 (95% CI 0.80-0.88), 5, 10, 15, and 20 years after diagnosis. The 5-year increases in cancer-specific mortality were statistically significant (P amp;lt;. 001). Patients with PSA amp;gt;= 4 mu g/L managed initially with watchful waiting and those aged 70 years or older had a significantly higher risk of dying from their prostate cancer. CONCLUSION The long-term disease-specific mortality of low-risk localized prostate cancer is low, but the annual mortality rate from prostate cancer gradually increases. This indicates that some tumors slowly develop into lethal cancer, particularly in patients 70 years or older with a PSA level amp;gt;= 4 mu g/L. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc.
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| 9. |
- Ljungberg, Börje, et al.
(author)
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Nephron Sparing Surgery Associated With Better Survival Than Radical Nephrectomy in Patients Treated for Unforeseen Benign Renal Tumors
- 2016
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In: Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0090-4295 .- 1527-9995. ; 93, s. 117-121
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To evaluate the role of the surgical technique used for the treatment of benign renal tumors, with regard to renal function and overall survival (OS) in patients without cancer-related mortality.Patients and methods: The study included 506 patients, mean age of 63.3 years, with histologically proven benign renal lesions originating from 5 European centers. Retrospective data from each hospital were retrieved and merged into a common database for analyses. OS, American Society of Anesthesiology score, and renal functions were measured in relation to surgical technique. The Mann-Witney U-test, the paired t-test, and Cox's multivariate analysis were used.Results: Patients treated with radical nephrectomy had significantly reduced renal function postoperatively compared with nephron sparing surgery (NSS). OS was significantly reduced after radical nephrectomy compared with NSS (P = .012), a survival difference that remained significant [hazard ratio (HR) 0.042, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.221-0.972, P = .042] in multivariate analysis, together with age at diagnosis (HR 1.065, 95% CI 1.026-1.106, P = .001) and American Society of Anesthesiology score (HR 2.361, 95% CI 1.261-4.419, P = .007). Also renal function assessed by estimated glomerular filtration rate significantly correlated to survival in univariate analysis, but did not remain independent after multivariate analysis. Oncocytoma was the most frequent benign lesion, followed by angiomyolipoma.Conclusion: The present study in patients with benign renal tumors shows that the remaining renal function and OS correspond to the choice of surgical procedure. Our results support the recommendation to perform NSS whenever possible when surgery is performed for patients with renal masses. The limitations of the study are the retrospective design and the selection bias for the surgical approach.
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| 10. |
- Ljungberg, Börje, et al.
(author)
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Untitled
- 2016
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In: Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0090-4295 .- 1527-9995. ; 93, s. 122-123
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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