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| 2. |
- Öjehagen, Agneta, et al.
(author)
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To keep the alcoholic in out-patient treatment. : A differentiated approach through treatment contracts
- 1986
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In: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-690X .- 1600-0447. ; 73:1, s. 68-75
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Eighty-two alcoholics were offered a 2-year out-patient programme characterized by stressing the patients' own decisions both in joining the programme and in the choice of objectives and methods, by repeated feedbacks through treatment evaluations, and by relapse prevention. The 58 patients who accepted were more often married than the others. All but eight completed the programme. The most important treatment components were ranked by the patients. Individual counselling was ranked highest, followed by evaluations of contract with therapist, disulfiram and biofeedback by means of gamma-GT. Patients with alcohol dependence more often preferred instrumental components, such as disulfiram and gamma-GT, while the others more often preferred psychological components, such as individual counselling and contract evaluations. Preference of psychological components was not found to be related to degree of personality disturbances. It is suggested that to effectively keep the patients in treatment in the present programme depends on the combination of patients' active engagement, continuous feedback and individualized treatment objectives.
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| 3. |
- Akner, Gunnar, 1953-, et al.
(author)
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Adrenocorticotropin and cortisol response to lysine vasopressin in relation to the outcome of the dexamethasone suppression test in major depressive disorder
- 1988
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In: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-690X .- 1600-0447. ; 77:4, s. 404-410
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The pathophysiology behind the abnormalities of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal cortex axis found in patients with major depressive disorder was studied by the use of the vasopressin test. The response of plasma adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and cortisol to the injection of 10 IU lysine-vasopressin (LVP) was investigated in 18 patients meeting the DSM-III criteria for major depressive episode. The response was correlated to the outcome of the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) with the use of two different cut-off points, 139 nmol/l and 200 nmol/l respectively. The results show that no significant difference was found in ACTH or cortisol response between patients having a normal or abnormal DST. The results do not seem to support the hypothesis that the abnormalities of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal cortex axis involve a hypersecretion of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and a subsequent desensitization of the corticotrophs to CRF-stimulated ACTH release.
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| 4. |
- Lundmark, Jöns, et al.
(author)
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Paroxetine : pharmacokinetic and antidepressant effect in the elderly
- 1989
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In: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-690X .- 1600-0447. ; 80:S350, s. 76-80
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To evaluate the pharmacokinetic properties, efficacy, and tolerability of paroxetine in elderly depressed patients, a clinical study was set up - initially at Aalborg Psychiatric Hospital in Denmark, and subsequently at the University Hospital in Linköping, Sweden. A total of 21 patients with a median age of 72 years were included in the study. After a single dose of 20 or 30mg of paroxetine followed by two drug-free days, treatment continued with 20 or 30mg daily for seven weeks. The majority of patients showed a continuous reduction in their HAMD scores, starting in the second week of treatment. Paroxetine was well tolerated at the doses given, and side-effects were mostly mild and transient. Steady-state, pre-dose plasma levels of paroxetine showed considerable variability, and the median steady-state concentration was higher in elderly patients compared with data from a previous study in young volunteers. Elimination half-lives also showed variability between these elderly patients, but tended to be longer after cessation of multiple dosing than after a single dose. They also tended to be longer than in the young volunteers. The results of this study do not advocate reduced doses of paroxetine in the elderly, but further studies are warranted.
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| 5. |
- Kullgren, Gunnar
(author)
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An empirical comparison of three different borderline concepts.
- 1987
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In: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - 0001-690X .- 1600-0447. ; 76:3, s. 246-55
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Forty-six inpatients were independently diagnosed according to the DSM-III concept of borderline personality disorder, the diagnostic interview for borderlines (DIB) and the concept of borderline personality organization, which is linked to Kernbergs structural interview. The interviews were videotaped. Satisfactory inter-rater reliability was demonstrated for the DIB, which furthermore showed high sensitivity and specificity in identifying patients with a clinical DSM-III diagnosis of borderline personality disorder from patients with a other personality disorders or schizophrenic disorders. Discriminant features, demographic profile and earlier treatment history for the patients with a borderline personality disorder are described and discussed. The structural interviews were scored according to a specified format. Inter-rater reliability was satisfactory but not too impressive. Borderline personality organization turned out to be a very broad concept and only half of the patients within this concept received a syndrome diagnosis of borderline personality disorder. A general conclusion was that borderline personality organization should not be considered as a diagnostic entity but rather as a different diagnostic dimension representing an intermediate level of personality structure.
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| 6. |
- Penayo, U, et al.
(author)
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Community attitudes and awareness of mental disorders : a key informant study in two Nicaraguan towns
- 1988
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In: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - 0001-690X .- 1600-0447. ; 78:5, s. 561-566
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Attitudes towards mentally ill people were studied in two Nicaraguan towns through interviews with key informants. They were presented 8 case histories originally developed in a World Health Organization collaborative study. Alcoholism and depressive neurosis were considered the most common disorders, while the schizophrenic case was generally judged as the most severe. The methodology was found useful and valid.
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| 7. |
- Sundbom, Elisabet, et al.
(author)
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Psychodynamic features in borderline personality disorder identified by a subliminal test, the Defense Mechanism Test.
- 1989
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In: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - 0001-690X .- 1600-0447. ; 80:1, s. 101-5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Twenty-seven psychiatric inpatients, diagnosed according to DSM-III and the Diagnostic Interview for Borderline (DIB), and 7 healthy controls were tested with the Defense Mechanism Test (DMT), a test of subliminal perception based on psychoanalytic theory. In the test a specific stimulus is presented subliminally in a tachistoscope and the patient's perceptual distortions are registered. Patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) were compared with patients with other personality disorders, patients with schizophrenic disorders and healthy controls. Specific perceptual distortions were identified among patients with BPD. Some individual DMT signs correlated with some deviant behaviors as identified by the DIB. The findings supported the psychodynamic validity of the concept of borderline personality disorder. It is concluded that DMT is a promising research instrument that provides an empirical approach to crucial psychodynamic phenomena.
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