| 1. |
- Beamish, Andrew J., et al.
(author)
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Metabolic and bariatric surgery in adolescents
- 2019
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In: Nature Reviews. Gastroenterology & Hepatology. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 1759-5045 .- 1759-5053. ; 16:10, s. 585-587
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- A new study has added valuable outcome data from adolescents 5 years after undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. By comparing outcomes from adolescents and adults, the study adds to the existing evidence base, highlighting metabolic and bariatric surgery as an increasingly valuable tool in the multidisciplinary management of adolescents with severe obesity.
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| 2. |
- Keller, J., et al.
(author)
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Advances in the diagnosis and classification of gastric and intestinal motility disorders
- 2018
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In: Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1759-5045 .- 1759-5053. ; 15:5, s. 291-308
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Disturbances of gastric, intestinal and colonic motor and sensory functions affect a large proportion of the population worldwide, impair quality of life and cause considerable health-care costs. Assessment of gastrointestinal motility in these patients can serve to establish diagnosis and to guide therapy. Major advances in diagnostic techniques during the past 5-10 years have led to this update about indications for and selection and performance of currently available tests. As symptoms have poor concordance with gastrointestinal motor dysfunction, clinical motility testing is indicated in patients in whom there is no evidence of causative mucosal or structural diseases such as inflammatory or malignant disease. Transit tests using radiopaque markers, scintigraphy, breath tests and wireless motility capsules are noninvasive. Other tests of gastrointestinal contractility or sensation usually require intubation, typically represent second-line investigations limited to patients with severe symptoms and are performed at only specialized centres. This Consensus Statement details recommended tests as well as useful clinical alternatives for investigation of gastric, small bowel and colonic motility. The article provides recommendations on how to classify gastrointestinal motor disorders on the basis of test results and describes how test results guide treatment decisions.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Mardinoglu, Adil, 1982, et al.
(author)
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Systems biology in hepatology: approaches and applications
- 2018
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In: Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1759-5045 .- 1759-5053. ; 15:6, s. 365-377
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Detailed insights into the biological functions of the liver and an understanding of its crosstalk with other human tissues and the gut microbiota can be used to develop novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of liver-associated diseases, including fatty liver disease, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biological network models, including metabolic, transcriptional regulatory, protein-protein interaction, signalling and co-expression networks, can provide a scaffold for studying the biological pathways operating in the liver in connection with disease development in a systematic manner. Here, we review studies in which biological network models were used to integrate multiomics data to advance our understanding of the pathophysiological responses of complex liver diseases. We also discuss how this mechanistic approach can contribute to the discovery of potential biomarkers and novel drug targets, which might lead to the design of targeted and improved treatment strategies. Finally, we present a roadmap for the successful integration of models of the liver and other human tissues with the gut microbiota to simulate whole-body metabolic functions in health and disease.
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| 6. |
- Simrén, Magnus, 1966, et al.
(author)
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New treatments and therapeutic targets for IBS and other functional bowel disorders
- 2018
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In: Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1759-5045 .- 1759-5053. ; 15:10, s. 589-605
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Functional bowel disorders (FBDs) are a spectrum of disorders characterized by combinations of symptoms attributable to the lower gastrointestinal tract. Most current first-line therapies for IBS and other FBDs target the predominant symptom and mainly affect one symptom in the symptom complex. Additional broadly effective treatment alternatives targeting the entire symptom complex are needed. New drugs for FBDs (such as lubiprostone, linaclotide, plecanatide, prucalopride, eluxadoline and rifaximin) target key mechanisms in the pathophysiology of these disorders and improve both the abnormal bowel habit and other key symptoms, such as abdominal pain and bloating. The current development of new treatment alternatives is focusing on different aspects of the complex pathophysiology of IBS and other FBDs: gut microenvironment (via diet and modulation of gut microbiota), enterohepatic circulation of bile acids, gastrointestinal secretion, motility and sensation, gut-brain interactions, gut barrier function and the immune system within the gastrointestinal tract. Studies also suggest that personalized treatment of IBS and other FBDs is possible using various diagnostic markers.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Öhman, Lena, 1967, et al.
(author)
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Crosstalk at the mucosal border: importance of the gut microenvironment in IBS.
- 2015
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In: Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1759-5053 .- 1759-5045. ; 12, s. 36-49
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aetiology and pathology of IBS, a functional bowel disorder thought to lack an organic cause, is largely unknown. However, studies suggest that various features, such as altered composition of the gut microbiota, together with increased intestinal permeability, a changed balance in the enteroendocrine system and a dysregulated immune system in the gut, most likely have an important role in IBS. Exactly how these entities act together and give rise to symptoms is still unknown, but an altered gut microbiota composition could lead to dysregulation of the intestinal barrier as well as the enteroendocrine and the immune systems, which (through interactions with the nervous system) might generate symptoms. This Review highlights the crosstalk between the gut microbiota, the enteroendocrine system, the immune system and the role of intestinal permeability in patients with IBS.
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