| 1. |
- Blomqvist, Kerstin, 1953-, et al.
(author)
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Recognising pain in older adults living in sheltered accommodation : the views of nurses and older adults
- 2001
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In: International Journal of Nursing Studies. - : Elsevier. - 0020-7489 .- 1873-491X. ; 38:3, s. 305-318
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sixty-six randomly selected older adults and their contact nurses participated in interviews based on standardised assessments of pain and open-ended questions focusing how pain was expressed and recognised. The sample included older adults with normal as well as cognitively impaired function. Seventy-nine percent of older adults with normal cognition were often in pain. Contact nurses assessed pain in 57% of cognitively impaired older adults. The content in the statements showed that pain recognition was a communicative interactive process based on verbal and non-verbal expressions. The process comprised attempts to understand the cause and intention of the expression and to verify the presence of pain. Changes in mood, facial expressions and physiological responses were described less often by older adults than by their nurses. Contact nurses of cognitively impaired older adults judged immobility as the source of pain, that it was possible to see when the person was in pain and that pain was expressed by paralinguistic and body language more often than contact nurses of cognitively healthy older adults. Characteristics of nurses and older adults could facilitate or hinder pain recognition. The findings indicate a need for reflective discussions in the staff group focusing on how to perform systematic assessments of verbal and non-verbal expressions and of hindrances and facilitators for recognising pain in older adults.
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| 2. |
- Gerdle, Björn, 1953-, et al.
(author)
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Criterion validation of surface EMG variables as fatigue indicators using peak torque : a study of repetitive maximum isokinetic knee extensions
- 2000
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In: Journal of Electromyography & Kinesiology. - 1050-6411 .- 1873-5711. ; 10:4, s. 225-232
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A number of studies have been published that have used variables of the electromyogram (EMG) power spectrum during dynamic exercise. Despite these studies there is a shortage of studies of the validity of surface EMG registrations during repetitive dynamic contractions with respect to fatigue. The aim of this study was to investigate if the surface EMG variables mean frequency (MNF [Hz]) and the signal amplitude (RMS [μV]) are valid indicators of muscular fatigue (defined as “any exercise-induced reduction in the capacity to generate force or power output”) during maximum repeated isokinetic knee extensions (i.e. criterion validity using peak torque).Twenty-one healthy volunteers performed 100 isokinetic knee extensions at 90° s-1. EMG signals were recorded from the vastus lateralis, the rectus femoris and the vastus medialis of the right thigh by surface electrodes. MNF and RMS of the EMG together with peak torque (PT [Nm]) were determined for each contraction. MNF showed consequently higher correlation coefficients with PT than RMS did. Positive correlations generally existed between MNF and PT. The majority of the subjects had positive correlations between RMS and PT (i.e. decreases both in PT and in RMS).In conclusion, at the individual level MNF generally — in contrast to RMS — showed good criterion validity with respect to biomechanical fatigue during dynamic maximum contractions.
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| 3. |
- Karimipanah, Taghi, 1953-, et al.
(author)
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Theoretical and experimental investigation of impinging jet ventilation and comparison with wall displacement ventilation
- 2002
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In: Building and Environment. - 0360-1323 .- 1873-684X. ; 37:12, s. 1329-1342
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper focuses on evaluating the performance of a new impinging jet ventilation system and compares its performance with a wall displacement ventilation system. Experimental data for an impinging jet in a room are presented and non-dimensional expressions for the decay of maximum velocity over the floor are derived. In addition, the ventilation efficiency, local mean age of air and other characteristic parameters were experimentally and numerically obtained for a mock-up classroom ventilated with the two systems. The internal heat loads from 25 person-simulators and lighting were used in the measurements and simulations to provide a severe test for the two types of ventilation systems. In addition to a large number of experimental data CFD simulations were used to study certain parameters in more detail. The results presented here are part of a larger research programme to develop alternative and efficient systems for room ventilation.
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| 4. |
- Larsson, Ingbeth, 1953-, et al.
(author)
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Teachers’ and parents’ reports on 3- to 6-year-old children’s sexual behavior : a comparison
- 2002
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In: International Journal of Child Abuse & Neglect. - 0145-2134 .- 1873-7757. ; 26:3, s. 247-266
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: The main purpose of the study was to compare observed range and frequency of sexual behavior in 3- to 6-year-olds in two different environments: the home and the daycare center. The study also aimed to investigate parental and staff opinions on child sexual behavior.Methods: Parents and daycare teachers of 185 preschool children, from different socio-economic housing areas, answered extensive questionnaires about each child’s sexual and general behavior. They were also asked about their own opinions on child sexual behavior.Results: Parents observed significantly more sexual behavior in their children at home compared to teachers’ observations at the daycare centers in all age groups, while teachers reported more general behavior problems. Significant gender differences on sexual behavior were displayed at the daycare centers but not at home. Rare behaviors at home were also very unusual at the daycare center. Parental and staff attitudes toward child sexuality were quite open, although 67% of the parents and 41% of the teachers never spoke to the children on sexual matters. One fifth of the adults used no term for genitals at all, and even fewer had a name for girls’ genitals.Conclusions: The findings indicate that young children explore their sexuality more at home than in settings with groups of children where the daily activities may be more structured and monitored. It enhances the importance of looking at the context in which the sexual behavior is taking place when investigating problematic sexual behavior.
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| 5. |
- Westerberg, Kristina, 1953-, et al.
(author)
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Municipal middle managers : psychosocial work environment in a gender-based division of labor
- 2000
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Management. - : Elsevier. - 0956-5221 .- 1873-3387. ; 16:2, s. 189-208
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of the reported study was to explore how 245 municipal middle managersperceived their psychosocial and physical work environments, and to examine psychosomaticreactions and job satisfaction in departments engaged in di!erent types of activity, also tocompare male and female managers in these respects. The way in which psychosomaticreactions and job satisfaction were related to the psychosocial and physical work environmentswas also investigated. The results indicated a di!erence between departments depending on thetype of activity. Departments concerned with care and education, i.e. care of the elderly, childcare and schools showed a tendency to lower values for psychosocial work environment factorsand more psychosomatic reactions than the departments geared more towards maintenanceand production, i.e. street maintenance, the power plant department and the recreation o$ce.In the departments concerned with children, female managers were in a majority. In the streetmaintenance department, the recreation o$ce and the power plant department, male managerspredominated. Compared to the men, the women had a higher level of education, lower salaries,more reactions of a psychosomatic nature, lower job satisfaction and a less satisfying psychosocialwork environment. The only department with an equal number of male and femalemanagers was the schools department. Here there were no di!erences between men and womenin the factors studied. Two partial correlations were computed in order to separate theimportance of type of activity and sex to the work environment factors and outcome variables.This indicated that the type of activity was more important than biological sex. The genderingof work activities is therefore also discussed and further investigations are suggested. ( 2000Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-, et al.
(author)
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Degree of psychopathy : implications for treatment in male juvenile delinquents
- 2003
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In: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry. - Oxford : Pergamon Press. - 0160-2527 .- 1873-6386. ; 26:3, s. 301-315
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Longitudinal studies have consistently shown that psychopathy in adulthood has its roots in childhood. The psychopathy concept described by Cleckley (1976) involves interpersonal, affective, and behavioral aspects. Moreover, children who show low levels of anxiety respond more poorly to treatment. The aim of the present study was to assess psychopathy in 56 male juvenile delinquents with conduct disorder, treated in youth correctional institutions for severe offenders. We used a modified Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) that has been used for young people (Forth et al., 1990). Each participant received PCL-R assessments from one rater, based on the file information and an extensive interview. Twenty-eight participants (50%) were rated by the second rater. Both the ICC and Cohens’s kappa revealed that the PCL-R ratings were reliable: the ICC(2,1) of the PCL-R total scores was 0.90, F(27, 28) = 11.70, P < .0001; Cohen’s kappa = 0.64, P < .001. The final scores on the PCL-R showed that the base rate for psychopathy (defined as a score of 30 or more) in the sample was 59% (33 of 56 juvenile delinquents). The mean PCL-R total score for all 56 participants was 29.3 (S.D. = 7.8), and ranged between 12 and 40. The high rates of psychopathy found in juvenile delinquents with conduct disorder should alert clinicians to the necessity of psychopathy scoring, and shows that high-quality treatment programs are needed. Psychopathy is not currently considered when assessing and treating young people in state-administered observational and correctional institutions for juvenile delinquents in Sweden.
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| 7. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-, et al.
(author)
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Psychopathy-related personality traits in male juvenile delinquents : an application of a person-oriented approach
- 2004
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In: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry. - Göttingen : Elsevier. - 0160-2527 .- 1873-6386. ; 27:1, s. 45-64
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Some personality characteristics, such as impulsiveness, thrill seeking, and the need for change, are clearly relevant when studying psychopathy. Psychopaths are certainly avid sensation seekers. The primary aim of the present study was to identify common patterns with respect to psychopathy-related personality traits in a sample of 56 juveniles from four Swedish national correctional institutions for juvenile delinquents. Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP), the Impulsiveness scale from the Impulsiveness–Venturesomeness–Empathy (IVE) inventory and the Total Sensation-Seeking scale from the SSS-V were used to determine personality traits. Cluster analysis was performed with SLEIPNER. Ward’s hierarchical minimum variance clustering method was used. We discovered seven clusters of participants. The mean T scores of the profiles of personality traits in the clusters (the cluster centroids) have been used to describe the clusters. Three multideviant clusters emerged, into which 31 (63%) of the classified participants could be placed. To describe the clusters, the prevalence of participants with a high degree of psychopathy (cutoff PCL-R score 27or above) was computed for each cluster and was complemented with data on previous treatment occasions and reoffending. The results indicated that psychopaths may develop different personality pattern; each cluster contained participants with high values of the PCL-R. Deviant personality is not currently considered when assessing and treating people in state administered observational and correctional institutions for juvenile delinquents in Sweden. The present results suggest that young people with psychopathy are not a homogenous group but may develop various personality traits. This should have implications for risk assessment and treatment.
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| 8. |
- Bellomo, Nicola, 1943, et al.
(author)
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The generalized-kinetics-based equilibrium distribution function for composite particles
- 2003
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In: Comptes Rendus - Mecanique. - : Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam.. - 1631-0721 .- 1873-7234. ; 331:7, s. 461-467
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This work is devoted to the equilibrium distribution function for a fluid of mutually non-interacting identical composite point particles in three-dimensional physical space. The distribution function is derived within the generalized-kinetics (GK) vision from the proposed probabilistic model based on quantum-mechanical bosons and fermions. The first GK advantage is that the derivation does not involve any assumption on the interpolation between bosons and fermions whereas the resulting function provides this interpolation. The second GK advantage is that composons, the particles described with the GK-based distribution function, are considerably less schematic and more consistent physically than quons. Composons correspond to a specific case of Isakov's general q-commutation relation involving an infinite number of the q-coefficients. Connection of the composon concept to previous results in the literature is pointed out. A few directions for future research on the topic are formulated. The results of the work can be used in the composite-particle fluid problems where the Maxwell–Boltzmann description is not valid, for instance, in dense populations of not too massive point-like particles of a complex, composite nature at not too high temperatures. FRENCH: Ce travail s'intéresse à la fonction de distribution d'équilibre pour un fluide mutuellement non agissant, composé de particules points dans un espace de dimension trois. La fonction de distribution provient, d'un point de vue de CG, d'un modèle probabiliste issu de la mécanique quantique des fermions et des bosons. Le premier avantage de CG est que la dérivation ne nécessite aucune hypothèse sur l'interpolation entre les bosons et les fermions alors que la fonction résultante fournit cette interpolation. Le second est que les composons, les particules décrites par ce procédé sont considérablement moins schématiques et plus consistantes, physiquement, que les quons. Les composons correspondent à un cas particulier de la relation générale de q-commutation d'Isakov, pour un nombre infini de q-coefficients. Les résultats antérieurs liés au concept de composon sont signalés et quelques directions de recherches futures sont proposées. Les résultats de ce travail peuvent servir pour l'étude de fluides composés, où la description Maxwell–Boltzmann n'est pas valable, par exemple, pour une dense population de particules, pas trop lourdes et a des températures pas trop élevées, et d'une comoposition de nature complexe.
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| 9. |
- Benner, Mats, et al.
(author)
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Institutionalizing the triple helix : Research funding and norms in the academic system
- 2000
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In: Research Policy. - 0048-7333 .- 1873-7625. ; 29:2, s. 291-301
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- What are the institutional mechanisms that enable or hinder the development of new forms of knowledge production? This issue has been slightly neglected in the discussion of the "triple helix". To redress this shortcoming, the authors suggest an institutionalist complement to the triple helix model. The article analyzes the institutional regulation of academic research, with a special emphasis on how norms in the academic system are constituted via research funding. It is argued that funding is a key mechanism of change in the norm system since its reward structure influences the performance and evaluation of research. The empirical analysis is based on the public financing of technical research in Sweden, with comparisons made with other countries. The structure of research funding has been reformed in all the countries studied. In addition to continuing recognition for scientific merit, the reforms have had the effect of emphasizing the commercial potential and the societal relevance of the research supported. The two dominant models of research funding, an intra-academic model and a top-down interventionist model, seem to be replaced partly with a catalytic one. However, there are counteracting tendencies. Some agencies still reproduce a model of reputational control and a collegial orientation among researchers. It is concluded, therefore, that the forces of change and continuity are engaged in a process of negotiation about the normative regulation of academic research.
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| 10. |
- Breivik, Knut, et al.
(author)
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Primary sources of selected POPs : regional and global scale emission inventories
- 2004
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In: Environmental Pollution. - : Elsevier. - 0269-7491 .- 1873-6424. ; 128:1-2, s. 3-16
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- During the last decade, a number of studies have been devoted to the sources and emissions of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) at regional and global scales. While significant improvements in knowledge have been achieved for some pesticides, the quantitative understanding of the emission processes and emission patterns for "non-pesticide" POPs are still considered limited. The key issues remaining for the non-pesticide POPs are in part determined by their general source classification. For industrial chemicals, such as the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), there is considerable uncertainty with respect to the relative importance of atmospheric emissions from various source categories. For PCBs, temperature is discussed as a potential key factor influencing atmospheric emission levels and patterns. When it comes to the unintentional by-products of combustion and industrial processes (PCDD/Fs), there is still a large uncertainty with respect to the relative contribution of emissions from unregulated sources such as backyard barrel burning that requires further consideration and characterisation. For hexachlorobenzene (HCB), the relative importance of primary and secondary atmospheric emissions in controlling current atmospheric concentrations remains one of the key uncertainties. While these and other issues may remain unresolved, knowledge concerning the emissions of POPs is a prerequisite for any attempt to understand and predict the distribution and fate of these chemicals on a regional and global scale as well as to efficiently minimise future environmental burdens.
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