| 1. |
- Bergman, Astrid, et al.
(author)
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Analytical traffic models for roundabouts with pedestrian crossings
- 2011
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In: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-0428. ; 16, s. 697-708
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Roundabouts have become a more common type of intersection in Sweden over the last 30 years. In order to evaluate the roundabout level-of-service both analytical models and simulation models are being used. Analytical traffic models for intersections, such as the Swedish capacity model Capcal, has difficulties estimating the level-of-service of a roundabout if there are pedestrians and cyclists at crossings located close to the roundabout. It is well known that a crossing located after a roundabout exit can cause an up-stream blocking effect that affects the performance of the roundabout. But how the upstream blocking effect depends on the different flows of vehicles and pedestrians is not known. In this paper an existing analytical model by Rodegerdts and Blackwelder has been investigated and compared to simulations in VISSIM and measurements from Swedish roundabouts. The purpose of this investigation is to examine if the model by Rodegerdts and Blackwelder is suitable for implementing into existing analytical models such as Capcal. The results show that the model by Rodegerdts and Blackwelder can estimate if a capacity loss will occur, but the magnitude of this loss is more difficult to evaluate. The conclusion and recommendation is that the model by Rodegerdts and Blackwelder should be implemented into the Swedish capacity model Capcal. The model by Rodegerdts and Blackwelder is to be used as a warning system if the results in Capcal are too uncertain to use for analysis of the roundabout performance.
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| 2. |
- Olstam, Johan, 1979-, et al.
(author)
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A review of guidelines for applying traffic simulation to level-of-service analysis
- 2011
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In: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier. - 1877-0428. ; 16, s. 771-780
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Microscopic traffic simulation is often used as an alternative or complementary tool to analytical methods and procedures for level-of-service analyses of road traffic facilities. The increased usage of traffic simulation for level-of-service analysis has raised a need for guidelines on how to apply and use traffic simulation models. Many countries have developed or are currently developing traffic simulation guidelines. This is also the case in Sweden, were the new Swedish highway capacity manual will include a chapter on traffic simulation. This paper presents a survey of the current traffic simulation guidelines in USA, Germany, UK, Denmark and Sweden. The guidelines have been analysed with respect to the aspects covered: when to apply simulation; the workflow of a simulation study; data collection needs; calibration and validation; experimental design; statistical analysis; and calculation of level-of-service measures. The guidelines analysed are focused on different aspects and none of them covers all of the topics listed above. Some of the guidelines are connected to specific simulation software packages and some are written in a more general manner. Most of the aspects covered are general and applicable in any country. The main reason for developing country specific guidelines is often a need for guidelines in the local language. Experimental design and statistical analysis are not treated extensively in the guidelines; neither do the guidelines discuss how to deal with calibration based on limited real world measurements. Calculation of level-of-service measures are quite extensively treated in some of the guidelines and to a little extent in others. All of the guidelines contain important contributions for the simulation chapter of the new Swedish highway capacity manual.
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| 3. |
- Ek, Tobias, et al.
(author)
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Named Entity Recognition for Short Text Messages
- 2011
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In: Computational Linguistics and Related Fields. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-0428. ; 27, s. 178-187
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper describes a named entity recognition (NER) system for short text messages (SMS) running on a mobile platform. Most NER systems deal with text that is structured, formal, well written, with a good grammatical structure, and few spelling errors. SMS text messages lack these qualities and have instead a short-handed and mixed language studded with emoticons, which makes NER a challenge on this kind of material. We implemented a system that recognizes named entities from SMSes written in Swedish and that runs on an Android cellular telephone. The entities extracted are locations, names, dates, times, and telephone numbers with the idea that extraction of these entities could be utilized by other applications running on the telephone. We started from a regular expression implementation that we complemented with classifiers using logistic regression. We optimized the recognition so that the incoming text messages could be processed on the telephone with a fast response time. We reached an F-score of 86 for strict matches and 89 for partial matches. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of PACLING Organizing Committee.
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| 4. |
- Enochsson, Ann-Britt, 1956-
(author)
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Who benefits from synchronous online communication? : A comparison of face-to-face and synchronous online interviews with children
- 2011
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In: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier. - 1877-0428. ; 28, s. 15-22
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper is based on experiences from three different research projects in which both face-to-face (f2f) and synchronous online (IM) interviews were used, and it discusses what different media can mean to different respondents. The interviewees were between 10 and 16 years old. The analyses were made from transcripts of 25 f2f interviews and 23 IM interviews. The flow of the dialogue and the amount of words used has been analysed. The answers were longer in f2f interviews, but in f2f interviews the boys had the longest answers, and in the IM interviews the girls wrote the longest answers.
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| 5. |
- Ho, Quan, 1975-, et al.
(author)
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Implementation of a Flow Map Demonstrator for Analyzing Commuting and Migration Flow Statistics Data
- 2011
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In: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier. - 1877-0428. ; 21, s. 157-166
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The interest for statistics visualization is emerging with the rise of geovisual analytics on the internet. National and sub-national statistics foundations have started to migrate from tabular representations to interactive web-enabled visualizations that can show trends. Interactive web-enable visualizations for movement data (or flow data) such as trade flows or commuting flows, however, are still rare. This paper covers spatial interactions and animation for a wide variety of realized movements of people such as commuting and migration between an origin and a destination visually expressed by directed weighted arrows over a geographic space. The paper is built around an interactive flow map demonstrator that can interactively explore and communicate large spatio-temporal and multivariate statistical flow datasets using bidirectional flow arrows where both in-coming and out-going flows can be clearly shown coordinated and linked with a choropleth map, histogram or parallel coordinates plot. The demonstrator is implemented with low-level components from our geovisual analytics toolkit GAV Flash designed with the intention to shorten the time and effort needed to develop customized web-enabled interactive visualization applications such as the introduced flow map application.
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| 6. |
- Koutsopoulos, Haris N., et al.
(author)
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Preface
- 2011
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In: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 1877-0428. ; 16, s. 1-
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 7. |
- Moran, Carlos, 1976-
(author)
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Congestion Indicators and Congestion Impacts : A Study on the Relevance of Area-wide Indicators
- 2011
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In: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-0428. ; 11, s. 781-791
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Congestion indicators for monitoring congestion in road area networks have been devised to use the output of long-term planning models which makes them insensitive to the dynamics of congestion or pollutant emissions. The objective of the present study is to compare the capabilities of different congestion indicators for describing congestion impacts (delays and emissions) considering a dynamic framework analysis. Microsimulation is used for estimating the congestion indicators as well as the congestion impacts in a disaggregated and dynamic mode. The indicators with the best descriptive capabilities are identified. Recommendations about indicators are provided for road practitioners.
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| 8. |
- Sakao, Tomohiko
(author)
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What is PSS design? : Explained with two industrial cases
- 2011
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In: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier. - 1877-0428. ; 25, s. 403-407
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This contribution presents results of applying a PSS (Product/Service System) design method to two cases in industry – one from manufacturing industry and another from service industry. The method is a structured and comprehensive design method that the author’s group has developed and is now called SPIPS. The method is shown effective to support designers with derive relevant improvement solutions. Then, brief discussion will be given about PSS design. The contribution will also show a stream behind SPIPS, originating from QFD (Quality Function Deployment).
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| 9. |
- Sandberg, K.W., et al.
(author)
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Learning in innovation development
- 2011
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In: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-0428. ; 28, s. 379-383
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of the article is to present a conceptual framework for innovation learning, directed to beginner in innovation development. The model for innovation includes factors like practical and theoretical learning linked to explicit and implicit knowledge related to different phases of innovation development. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 10. |
- Torbjörnsson, Tomas, 1956-
(author)
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Attitudes to sustainable development among Swedish pupils
- 2011
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In: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. - Amsterdam : Elsevier BV. - 1877-0428. ; 15, s. 316-320
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The preconditions for education for sustainable development (ESD) differ according to contextual factors. This paper discusses the sources of values connected with sustainable development and also presents findings from a Swedish survey about how attitudes to some aspects of sustainable development are distributed among Swedish pupils. The results show significant differences related to gender and education programme. Boys and students in vocational programs hold stronger anthropocentric values than girls and students in theoretical programmes. There is also a positive correlation between solidarity and biocentric values. Comparison with earlier studies indicates that the differences mentioned above are increasing.
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