| 1. |
- Al-Ani, Ibrahim Abdulrazak, et al.
(author)
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Development of Lightweight Concrete Using Industrial Waste Palm Oil Clinker
- 2020
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In: Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture. - USA : David Publishing Company. - 1934-7359 .- 1934-7367. ; 14:6, s. 293-307
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Concrete is a major material used in the construction of buildings and structures in the world. Gravel and sand are the major ingredients of concrete but are non-renewable natural materials. Therefore, the utilisation of palm oil clinker (POC), a solid waste generated from palm oil industry is proposed to replace natural aggregate in this research to reduce the demand for natural aggregates. One mix of ordinary concrete as control concrete; while four mix proportions of oil palm clinker concrete were obtained by replacing 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of gravel and sand of control concrete with coarse and fine oil palm clinker respectively by volume, with same cement content and water cement ratio. Compressive strength test was carried out of concretes with different percentages of oil palm clinker; whereas water absorption tests according to respective standard, were carried out to determine the durability properties of various mixes. Based on the results obtained, the study on the effect of percentage of clinker on strength and durability properties was drawn. According to ACI classification of light weight concrete only the 100 percentage replacement can achieve the definition of light weight concrete since its density is less than 1,900 kg/m3 and strength larger than 17 MPa. Eventually the 25% replacement of the normal aggregate by the OPC will improve the strength and durability of the concrete.
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| 2. |
- Baby, Sultana Nasrin, et al.
(author)
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Finding Areas at Risk from Floods in a Downpour Using the Lidar-Based Elevation Model
- 2021
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In: Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture. - USA : David Publishing Company. - 1934-7359 .- 1934-7367. ; 15:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Climate change can impact coastal areas in different ways, including flooding, storm surges, and beach erosion. Of these, flooding has a major impact on the operation of coastal drainage systems. This paper develops a new flood screening model using a LiDAR based digital elevation model (DEM) to improve the implementation of Victorian’s coastal flooding risk assessment and management. Hydrological elevation models are directed towards protection from cloudbursts and applied to rising sea level. The aim is to simulate water flow on the ground and in streams, and the resulting accumulation of water in depressions of the blue spot using DEM. Due to the presence of pipes, watercourses, bridges and channels it was required that the DEM data to be lowered. The reservoirs of rain will prevent seawater from flowing across the stream channel into land. The rain drain will be open during normal sea levels to allow rain water in the river to move and flow in to the sea. Traditionally, geographic information system (GIS) assists with spatial data management, but lacks modelling capability for complex hydrology problems and cannot be relied upon by decision-makers in this sector. Functionality improvements are therefore required to improve the processing or analytical capabilities of GIS in hydrology. This research shows how the spatial data can be primarily processed by GIS adopting the spatial analysis routines associated with hydrology. The objective of this paper is to outline the importance of GIS technology for coastal flood management. Following a definition of the coastal flood, and, short description of its peculiarities and the urgency of its management, this paper describes the use of GIS technology in coastal flood management, its advantages and the consideration for accuracy. This is followed by the information and LiDAR data required for coastal flood management and the application area in coastal flood management. This paper method is presented to conduct a first high-resolution DEM screening to detect the degree and capacities of the sinks in the coastal landscape. When their capacities are established, the rain volumes received during a rainstorm from their coastal catchments are saved as attributes to the pour points. The conclusion emphases the importance of a geographical information system in coastal flood management for efficient data handling and analysis of geographically related data. Local governments at risk of coastal flooding that use the flood screening model can use to determine appropriate land use controls to manage long-term flood risk to human settlements.
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| 3. |
- Dibs, Hayder, et al.
(author)
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Automatic Fast and Robust Technique to Refine Extracted SIFT Key Points for Remote Sensing Images
- 2020
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In: Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture. - USA : David Publishing Company. - 1934-7359 .- 1934-7367. ; 14:6, s. 339-350
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) ability to automatic control points (CPs) extraction is very well known on remote sensing images, however, its result inaccurate and sometimes has incorrect matching from generating a small number of false CPs pairs, their matching has high false alarm. This paper presents a method containing a modification to improve the performance of the SIFT CPs matching by applying sum of absolute difference (SAD) in different manner for the new optical satellite generation called near-equatorial orbit satellite (NEqO) and multi-sensor images. The proposed method leads to improving CPs matching with a significantly higher rate of correct matches. The data in this study were obtained from the RazakSAT satellite covering the Kuala Lumpur-Pekan area. The proposed method consists of three parts: (1) applying the SIFT to extract CPs automatically, (2) refining CPs matching by SAD algorithm with empirical threshold, and (3) evaluating the refined CPs scenario by comparing the result of the original SIFT with that of the proposed method. The result indicates an accurate and precise performance of the model, which showed the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approach.
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| 4. |
- Lindblad, Fredrik, 1971-
(author)
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A Case Study of Växjö Municipality’s Actions to Increase the Construction of Wooden Multi-family Buildings
- 2022
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In: Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture. - : David Publishing Company. - 1934-7359 .- 1934-7367. ; 16:5, s. 235-246
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sweden has a housing shortage, which the Swedish authorities expect to continue until 2025. Producers of wooden multi-family houses have a relatively small market share in comparison to traditional building materials. The limited capability to fulfil the increased building demand also restricts the possibilities for development towards innovation, bio-economy and sustainability. The municipalities in Sweden have responsible for planning of the building development in their region based on their projected requirements and strategies. Combining this with a desire to develop sustainable building solutions based on wood increases the complexity. Currently, public building developments are achieved through the public procurement act or the land allocation activity, dependent on their development strategy. This normally involves the development of local strategies regarding, e.g. design, material choice and geographical development. By identifying market drivers enables improved market entry activities related to public building initiatives using wood-based solutions. Hence, by improving transparency in the land allocation activity generate enhanced possibilities for the companies to respond successfully to the requests submitted by the municipalities. This knowledge is used to better understand the required strategic development for the companies, the government and the municipalities to increase the use of sustainable building materials in Swedish multi-family housing projects.
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| 5. |
- Sissakian, Varoujan K., et al.
(author)
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The Impact of Water Scarcity on Food Security in Iraq
- 2023
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In: Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture. - : David Publishing Company. - 1934-7359 .- 1934-7367. ; 17:9, s. 441-456
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Iraq is part of the Fertile Crescent with the two large rivers: Tigris and Euphrates and their tributaries that secure the required quantity and quality of water to the Iraqi population for their different uses; including agriculture, industry, and other domestic requirements. During the last decades, however, the quantity and quality of water in these rivers decreased causing water scarcity in the country. This scarcity is having severe impacts on food security in Iraq since large cultivated areas in different parts of the country that grow different agricultural products have been abandoned due to lack of water. The worsening situation is attributed mainly to global climate changes including decreasing rainfall amounts, increase in air temperature, and insufficient water inflows in the two main rivers and their tributaries. This last issue is exasperated by the unfair water sharing policies of the riparian countries namely Turkey and Iran. In writing this article relevant data from different sources were used. Numerous published reports and papers dealing with this important issue were consulted, while at the same time, the long experience of the authors in these very important issues was also drawn upon to elucidate the difficulties that are current today and those expected in the future in this field.
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