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- Axelson, Hans W, et al.
(author)
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Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation Does Not Acutely Affect Cortical Excitability in Healthy Subjects
- 2014
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In: Brain Stimulation. - : Elsevier BV. - 1935-861X .- 1876-4754. ; 7:4, s. 613-617
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Trigeminal nerve stimulation (TNS) has recently emerged as a new therapeutic option for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy but its potential mechanisms of action are not known. Since other antiepileptic treatments have been shown to alter cortical excitability, thereby reducing the liability to seizures, it has been suggested that cranial nerve stimulation such as TNS may act in the same way.OBJECTIVE: To study whether TNS has the potential to alter cortical excitability in healthy subjects.METHODS: An adaptive paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation protocol stimulating the dominant hand motor area was used to measure resting motor threshold (rMT), short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), intracortical facilitation (ICF) and long-interval intracortical inhibition (LICI) before, during, and after 40 min of 120 Hz bilateral external continuous trigeminal nerve stimulation. Neuronavigation was used for guidance.RESULTS: TNS was well tolerated by all subjects. No significant changes were seen in the parameters studied.CONCLUSION: Unlike for example anti-epileptic drugs and the ketogenic diet, trigeminal nerve stimulation does not seem to alter cortical excitability in healthy subjects. This is the first study on cortical excitability in relation to continuous trigeminal nerve stimulation. It still remains to be proven that TNS has the prerequisites to effectively counteract epileptic events in humans.
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- Caliandro, Pietro, et al.
(author)
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Jitter of Corticospinal Neurons During Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation : Method and Possible Clinical Implications
- 2014
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In: Brain Stimulation. - : Elsevier BV. - 1935-861X .- 1876-4754. ; 7:4, s. 580-586
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the motor cortex activates corticospinal neurons mainly through the depolarization of cortico-cortical axons belonging to interneurons of superficial layers. Objective: We used single-fiber electromyography (SFEMG) to estimate the "central jitter" of activation latency of interneural pools from one pulse of TMS to another. Methods: We evaluated 10 healthy subjects and one patient with multiple sclerosis. By recording SFEMG evoked activity from the left first dorsal interosseous (FDI), we first used a standard repetitive electrical 3 Hz stimulation of the ulnar nerve at the wrist to calculate the mean consecutive difference from at least 10 different potentials. The same procedure was applied during 3 Hz repetitive TMS of the contralateral motor cortex. The corticospinal monosynaptic connection of the FDI and the selectivity of SFEMG recording physiologically justified the subtraction of the "peripheral jitter" from the whole cortico-muscular jitter, obtaining an estimation of the actual "central jitter." Results: All subjects completed the study. The peripheral jitter was 28 mu s +/- 6 and the cortico-muscular jitter was 344 mu s +/- 97. The estimated central jitter was 343 +/- 97 mu s. In the patient the central jitter was 846 mu s, a value more than twice the central jitter in healthy subjects. Conclusion: Current results demonstrate that the evaluation of the central component of the cumulative cortico-muscular latency variability in healthy subjects is feasible with a minimally invasive approach. We present and discuss this methodology and provide a "proof of concept" of its potential clinical applicability in a patient with multiple sclerosis.
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| 9. |
- Kiss, Zelma H. T., et al.
(author)
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"New and improved" DBS batteries?
- 2019
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In: Brain Stimulation. - : Elsevier. - 1935-861X .- 1876-4754. ; 12:4, s. 833-834
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 10. |
- Kothari, Simple Futarmal, et al.
(author)
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Effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on altered perception of One's own face
- 2020
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In: Brain Stimulation. - : Elsevier. - 1935-861X .- 1876-4754. ; 13:3, s. 554-561
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Chronic orofacial pain (COP) patients often perceive the painful face area as "swollen" without clinical signs; such self-reported illusions of the face are termed perceptual distortion (PD). The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying PD remain elusive.OBJECTIVE: To test the neuromodulatory effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on PD in healthy individuals, to gain insight into the cortical mechanisms underlying PD.METHODS: PD was induced experimentally by injections of local anesthetic (LA) around the infraorbital nerve and measured as perceived size changes of the affected area. Participants were randomly allocated to inhibitory rTMS (n = 26) or sham rTMS (n = 26) group. The participants rated PD at baseline, 6 min after LA, immediately, 20 and 40 min after rTMS. The rTMS (inhibitory and sham) was applied to face (lip) representation area of primary somatosensory cortex (SI) as an intervention at 10 min after the LA, when the magnitude of PD is large. As inhibitory rTMS, continuous theta-burst stimulation paradigm (50 Hz) for 40s was employed to inhibit cortical activity.RESULTS: We demonstrated a significant decrease in the magnitude of PD immediately and 20 min after the application of inhibitory rTMS compared with sham rTMS (P < 0.006). In two control experiments, we also showed that peripheral muscle stimulation and stimulation of a cortical region other than the lip representation area had no effect on the magnitude of the PD.CONCLUSIONS: Inhibitory rTMS applied to a somatotopical-relevant cortical region modulates PD of the face in healthy individuals and could potentially have therapeutic implications for COP patients.
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