| 1. |
- Bohlin, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Longer colonic transit time is associated with laxative and drug use, Lifestyle factors and symptoms of constipation
- 2018
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In: Acta Radiologica Open. - : SAGE Publications. - 2058-4601. ; 7:10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Gastrointestinal symptoms and changes in colonic transit time (CTT) are common in the population. Purpose To evaluate consecutive patients who had been examined for CTT, along with completion of a diary about laxative and drug use, lifestyle factors, and gastrointestinal symptoms, to identify possible associations with longer or prolonged CTT. Material and Methods A total of 610 consecutive patients had undergone the radiopaque marker method with an abdominal X-ray for clinical purposes. The patients had completed a diary regarding medical treatment, lifestyle factors, stool habits, and their perceived constipation and abdominal pain during the examination period. The associations between CTT and laxative use, lifestyle factors, stool habits, and symptoms were calculated by logistic regression. Results Women had longer CTT (2.5 [1.6–3.9] vs. 1.7 [1.1–3.0] days, P < 0.001), lower weekly stool frequency (6 [3–10] vs. 8 [5–12], P = 0.001), and perceived more constipation (P = 0.025) and abdominal pain (P = 0.001) than men. High coffee consumption (P = 0.045), bulk-forming (P = 0.007) and osmotic (P = 0.001) laxatives, and lower stool frequency, shaped stool, and perceived constipation (P for trend < 0.001) were associated with longer CTT. In total, 382 patients (63%) were treated with drugs affecting motility. In the 228 patients without drug treatment, longer CTT was associated with female sex and smoking, and lower frequency of symptoms and prolonged CTT were observed compared to patients using drugs. Tea, alcohol, and abdominal pain did not associate with CTT. Conclusions Female sex, coffee, smoking, drug use, infrequent stools, shaped stool, and perception of constipation are associated with longer or prolonged CTT.
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| 2. |
- Bozovic, Gracijela, et al.
(author)
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Impact of donor chest radiography on clinical outcome after lung transplantation
- 2018
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In: Acta Radiologica Open. - : SAGE Publications. - 2058-4601. ; 7:6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundOrgan donation guidelines recommend a “clear” conventional bedside chest radiograph before lung transplantation despite only moderate accuracy for cardiopulmonary abnormalities.PurposeTo evaluate the influence of donor image interpretation on lung transplantation outcome in recipients by following early and late complications, one-year survival, and to correlate imaging findings and blood gas analysis with lung transplantation outcome in recipients.Material and MethodsIn 35 lung donors from a single institution clinical reports and study reviews of imaging findings of the mandatory bedside chest radiographs and blood gas analyses were compared with clinical outcome in 38 recipients. Hospitalization time, peri- and postoperative complications, early complications (primary graft dysfunction, infection), 30-day and one-year survival, and forced expiratory volume in 1 s percentage of predicted normal value (FEV1%) at one-year follow-up were analyzed.ResultsFindings in clinical reports and study reviews differed substantially, e.g. regarding reported decompensation, edema, infection, and atelectasis. No correlation was shown between imaging findings in clinical report or study review and blood gas analyses in the lung donors compared to postoperative outcome in recipients.ConclusionThe interpretation of the mandatory chest radiograph in its present form does not influence one-year outcome in lung transplantation. Larger imaging studies or a change in clinical routine including computed tomography may provide evidence for future guidelines.
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| 3. |
- Diaz, S, et al.
(author)
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Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography in a cohort of alpha-1 antitrypsin-deficient individuals and healthy volunteers
- 2018
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In: Acta radiologica open. - : SAGE Publications. - 2058-4601. ; 7:4, s. 2058460118768363-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography has been used to assess liver stiffness non-invasively. However, its usefulness in alpha-1 antitripsin-deficient (AATD) individuals is unknown. Purpose To assess if liver fibrosis is present in a cohort of AATD individuals using ARFI elastography. Material and Methods Eighty-three participants aged 38–39 years, except for two who were aged 40 years, underwent ultrasound elastography of the liver with ARFI technique. Twenty-nine were homozygote ZZ genotype, PiZZ (14 men, 15 women); 12 were SZ genotype, Pi SZ (8 men, 4 women), and 42 were healthy volunteers, PiMM (16 men, 26 women). Three specific liver anatomical regions were examined: segments 2/3 (left lobe) in the subcostal plane, and 5/6 and 7/8 (right lobe) in the intercostal space. In each region, three measurements were registered. Results There was no statistically significant difference between ARFI-median in the AATD group and the control group ( P value = 0.877) and neither between AATD groups (PiZZ and PiSZ) with a P value = 0.259. The ARFI-median was lower in the right liver lobe than in the left lobe in all groups and the difference between both lobes was statistically significant ( P = 0.001). No statistically significant difference was found in ARFI-median of the right liver lobe between the AATD group and the control group ( P = 0.759), nor between the AATD group ( P = 0.384). No gender difference was found in ARFI-median. Conclusions ARFI values in AATD individuals aged 38–39 years showed no difference compare to healthy participants.
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| 4. |
- Fahlström, Markus, et al.
(author)
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Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging may act as a biomarker for vascular damage in normal appearing brain tissue after radiotherapy in patients with glioblastoma
- 2018
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In: Acta Radiologica Open. - : Sage Publications. - 2058-4601. ; 7:11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundDynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) is a promising perfusion method and may be useful in evaluating radiation-induced changes in normal-appearing brain tissue.PurposeTo assess whether radiotherapy induces changes in vascular permeability (Ktrans) and the fractional volume of the extravascular extracellular space (Ve) derived from DCE-MRI in normal-appearing brain tissue and possible relationships to radiation dose given.Material and MethodsSeventeen patients with glioblastoma treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy were included; five were excluded because of inconsistencies in the radiotherapy protocol or early drop-out. DCE-MRI, contrast-enhanced three-dimensional (3D) T1-weighted (T1W) images and T2-weighted fluid attenuated inversion recovery (T2-FLAIR) images were acquired before and on average 3.3, 30.6, 101.6, and 185.7 days after radiotherapy. Pre-radiotherapy CE T1W and T2-FLAIR images were segmented into white and gray matter, excluding all non-healthy tissue. Ktrans and Ve were calculated using the extended Kety model with the Parker population-based arterial input function. Six radiation dose regions were created for each tissue type, based on each patient’s computed tomography-based dose plan. Mean Ktrans and Ve were calculated over each dose region and tissue type.ResultsGlobal Ktrans and Ve demonstrated mostly non-significant changes with mean values higher for post-radiotherapy examinations in both gray and white matter compared to pre-radiotherapy. No relationship to radiation dose was found.ConclusionAdditional studies are needed to validate if Ktrans and Ve derived from DCE-MRI may act as potential biomarkers for acute and early-delayed radiation-induced vascular damages. No dose-response relationship was found.
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| 5. |
- Jäderling, Fredrik, et al.
(author)
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Accuracy in local staging of prostate cancer by adding a three-dimensional T2-weighted sequence with radial reconstructions in magnetic resonance imaging
- 2018
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In: Acta Radiologica Open. - : Sage Publications. - 2058-4601. ; 7:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The evidence supporting the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in prostate cancer detection has been established, but its accuracy in local staging is questioned. Purpose: To investigate the additional value of multi-planar radial reconstructions of a three-dimensional (3D) T2-weighted (T2W) MRI sequence, intercepting the prostate capsule perpendicularly, for improving local staging of prostate cancer. Material and Methods: Preoperative, bi-parametric prostate MRI examinations in 94 patients operated between June 2014 and January 2015 where retrospectively reviewed by two experienced abdominal radiologists. Each patient was presented in two separate sets including diffusion-weighted imaging, without and with the 3D T2W set that included radial reconstructions. Each set was read at least two months apart. Extraprostatic tumor extension (EPE) was assessed according to a 5-point grading scale. Sensitivity and specificity for EPE was calculated and presented as receiver operating characteristics (ROC) with area under the curve (AUC), using histology from whole-mount prostate specimen as gold standard. Inter-rater agreement was calculated for the two different reading modes using Cohen's kappa. Results: The AUC for detection of EPE for Readers 1 and 2 in the two-dimensional (2D) set was 0.70 and 0.68, respectively, and for the 2D+3D set 0.62 and 0.65, respectively. Inter-rater agreement (Reader 1 vs. Reader 2) on EPE using Cohen's kappa for the 2D and 2D+3D set, respectively, was 0.42 and 0.17 (i.e. moderate and poor agreement, respectively). Conclusion: The addition of 3D T2W MRI with radial reconstructions did not improve local staging in prostate cancer.
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| 6. |
- Lehti, Leena, et al.
(author)
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Reliability of virtual non-contrast computed tomography angiography: comparing it with the real deal
- 2018
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In: Acta Radiologica Open. - : SAGE Publications. - 2058-4601. ; 7, s. 1-6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background:Computed tomographic angiography (CTA) may require a non-contrast enhanced dataset for the diagnostic workup. By using dual-energy acquisition, it is possible to obtain a virtual non-contrast-enhanced (VNC) dataset, thereby possibly eliminating the non-contrast acquisition and reducing the radiation dose.Purpose:To compare image quality of VNC images reconstructed from arterial phase dual-energy CTA to true non-contrast (TNC) images, and to assess whether VNC images were of sufficient quality to replace TNC images.Material and methods:Thirty consecutive patients with suspected abdominal aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection, or subacute control after EVAR/TEVAR were examined with dual-energy CT (DECT). The examination protocol included a single-energy TNC, DECT arterial phase (80 kV/Sn140 kV), and single-energy in venous phase of the aorta. A VNC dataset was obtained from the DE acquisition from arterial phase scans. Mean attenuation and image noise were measured within regions of interest at three levels in the aorta in TNC and VNC images. Comparison of the TNC and VNC images for artefacts was made side-by-side. Subjective evaluation included overall image quality on a 4-grade scale, and quantitative analysis of algorithm-induced artefacts by two experienced readers.Results:For all cases, the aortic attenuation was significantly higher at VNC than at TNC. Image noise measured quantitatively was also significantly higher at VNC than at TNC. Subjective image quality was lower for VNC (mean = 3.1 for VNC, 3.7 = for TNC) but there were no cases rated non-diagnostic.Conclusion:VNC images based on arterial phase CTA have significantly higher mean attenuation and higher noise levels compared to TNC.
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| 7. |
- Piippo-Huotari, Oili, 1959-, et al.
(author)
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New patient-controlled abdominal compression method in radiography : radiation dose and image quality
- 2018
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In: Acta Radiologica Open. - : Sage Publications. - 2058-4601. ; 7:5, s. 1-8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The radiation dose for patients can be reduced with many methods and one way is to use abdominal compression. In this study, the radiation dose and image quality for a new patient-controlled compression device were compared with conventional compression and compression in the prone position.Purpose: To compare radiation dose and image quality of patient-controlled compression compared with conventional and prone compression in general radiography.Material and Methods: An experimental design with quantitative approach. After obtaining the approval of the ethics committee, a consecutive sample of 48 patients was examined with the standard clinical urography protocol. The radiation doses were measured as dose-area product and analyzed with a paired t-test. The image quality was evaluated by visual grading analysis. Four radiologists evaluated each image individually by scoring nine criteria modified from the European quality criteria for diagnostic radiographic images.Results: There was no significant difference in radiation dose or image quality between conventional and patient-controlled compression. Prone position resulted in both higher dose and inferior image quality.Conclusion: Patient-controlled compression gave similar dose levels as conventional compression and lower than prone compression. Image quality was similar with both patient-controlled and conventional compression and was judged to be better than in the prone position.
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| 8. |
- Svensson, A, et al.
(author)
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Single-phase bilateral low dose contrast medium injection for diagnosing occlusions of the thoracic venous system: a case report
- 2018
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In: Acta radiologica open. - : SAGE Publications. - 2058-4601. ; 7:6, s. 2058460118778060-
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Occlusion of the thoracic venous system and/or occlusion of central venous catheters (CVC) of unknown cause can, in selected cases, require advanced imaging. Here, we describe a case study of a patient with a failing central dialysis catheter (CDC) which was diagnosed by computed tomography (CT) in connection with a single-phase bilateral low-dose contrast medium (CM) injection using only 3.6 g of iodine. By injecting a low CM dose, the risk of streak artifacts from first-pass of high intravascular concentrations of CM can be avoided. Therefore, the technique described here should be beneficial also to patients with normal renal function.
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| 9. |
- Svensson, A, et al.
(author)
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Variable size of aortic subvalvular pseudoaneurysm
- 2018
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In: Acta radiologica open. - : SAGE Publications. - 2058-4601. ; 7:6, s. 2058460118778068-
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Aortic subvalvular pseudoaneurysms (PSA) are particularly subjected to strain and shear stress forces from blood flow and therefore their size can vary along the heart cycle. Here we describe a case of an aortic subvalvular PSA that shows significant variation in size between systolic and diastolic phase during retrospective ECG-triggered cardiac computed tomography angiography.
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| 10. |
- Vargas Paris, R, et al.
(author)
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Diffusion-weighted imaging in acute pulmonary embolism: a feasibility study
- 2018
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In: Acta radiologica open. - : SAGE Publications. - 2058-4601. ; 7:6, s. 2058460118783013-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be an alternative method to computed tomography angiography (CTA) for pulmonary embolism. Purpose To evaluate the feasibility of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) detecting acute pulmonary embolism (PE) in free-breathing humans. Material and Methods Twenty patients with PE verified by CTA and 20 controls were investigated with MRI (1.5 Aera, Siemens Healthcare). All sequences were performed in the transversal plane using free-breathing without gating. The protocol consisted of a two-dimensional steady-state free precession (SSFP) and a single-shot DWI echo-planar imaging sequence with a voxel resolution of 2 × 2 × 5 mm. Three b values were used: 50, 400, and 800 s/mm2. Images were analyzed in two orders: an open source analysis (OSA); and a blinded only DWI analysis (BDA) simulating clinical work. Results OSA of corresponding images showed 370 findings on CTA (i.e. one elongated emboli could be represented in multiple images). SSFP identified 237 of those (64%). DWI with b values of 50, 400, and 800 identified 327 (88%), 245 (66%), and 138 (37%), respectively. In BDA we found 160 true emboli (according to CTA) on b50, 78 on b400, and 54 on b800. Fifty-two of these findings at the subsegmental level could be correlated to PE on CTA but were not visible on SSFP. Conclusions DWI has a high sensitivity for detecting PE but suffers from poor specificity. It could potentially be used as an eye catcher, i.e. where to look for PE in other MRI sequences.
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