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- Beech, Augusta, et al.
(author)
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Ers international congress 2022 : Highlights from the airway diseases assembly
- 2023
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In: ERJ open research. - 2312-0541. ; 9:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The European Respiratory Society (ERS) celebrated the return of an in-person meeting in Barcelona, Spain, after 2 years of virtual congresses. The ERS Congress 2022 programme was replete with symposia, skills workshops and abstract presentations from all 14 assemblies, encompassing over 3000 abstracts presented in the form of thematic poster discussion and oral presentations. In this article, highlights from the ERS Congress 2022 (including from thematic poster sessions, oral presentations and symposia from keynote speakers), presented by Assembly 5 (Airway diseases, asthma, COPD and chronic cough), are reviewed by Early Career Members and experts in the field, with the aim of presenting key recent findings in the field.
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| 4. |
- Cuevas Ocaña, Sara, et al.
(author)
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ERS International Congress 2022 : highlights from the Basic and Translational Science Assembly
- 2023
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In: ERJ open research. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 2312-0541. ; 9:2
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this review, the Basic and Translational Science Assembly of the European Respiratory Society provides an overview of the 2022 International Congress highlights. We discuss the consequences of respiratory events from birth until old age regarding climate change related alterations in air quality due to pollution caused by increased ozone, pollen, wildfires and fuel combustion as well as the increasing presence of microplastic and microfibres. Early life events such as the effect of hyperoxia in the context of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and crucial effects of the intrauterine environment in the context of pre-eclampsia were discussed. The Human Lung Cell Atlas (HLCA) was put forward as a new point of reference for healthy human lungs. The combination of single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial data in the HLCA has enabled the discovery of new cell types/states and niches, and served as a platform that facilitates further investigation of mechanistic perturbations. The role of cell death modalities in regulating the onset and progression of chronic lung diseases and its potential as a therapeutic target was also discussed. Translational studies identified novel therapeutic targets and immunoregulatory mechanisms in asthma. Lastly, it was highlighted that the choice of regenerative therapy depends on disease severity, ranging from transplantation to cell therapies and regenerative pharmacology.
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| 5. |
- Dehara, Marina, et al.
(author)
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Modifiable lifestyle risk factors for sarcoidosis : a nested case–control study
- 2023
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In: ERJ Open Research. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 2312-0541. ; 9:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: We aimed to investigate whether obesity, tobacco use, alcohol consumption and physical inactivity are associated with sarcoidosis risk.Methods: We conducted a matched case–control study nested within the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study. Incident sarcoidosis cases (n=165) were identified via medical records and matched to controls (n=660) on sub-cohort, sex, birth and questionnaire date (1:4). Data on lifestyle factors were obtained through questionnaires, and physical measurements of height, weight and waist were collected prior to sarcoidosis diagnosis. Conditional logistic regression estimated adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (aOR; 95% CI).Results: Compared with never-smoking, current smoking was associated with lower sarcoidosis odds (aOR 0.48; 95% CI 0.32–0.71), and former smoking with higher odds (aOR 1.33; 95% CI 0.98–1.81). Snus use was not associated with sarcoidosis. There was an increased odds of sarcoidosis associated with obesity (aOR 1.34; 95% CI 0.94–1.92) but not with overweight (aOR 0.99; 95% CI 0.76–1.30). Compared with those who were physically inactive, those who were active had a 25% higher odds of sarcoidosis (aOR 1.25; 95% CI 0.91–1.72). No association was found with moderate alcohol consumption (aOR 0.95; 95% CI 0.56–1.62). All results were similar when cases diagnosed within 5 years after exposure assessment were excluded, except the aOR for former smoking decreased to 1.1.Conclusion: We observed a reduced sarcoidosis risk associated with smoking, which cannot be fully explained by early symptoms of sarcoidosis influencing smoking habits. Results indicate an increased risk associated with obesity, but not overweight, and being physically active.
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| 7. |
- Ekström, Magnus, et al.
(author)
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The modified Borg/6-min walk distance ratio : a method to assess exertional breathlessness and leg discomfort using the 6-min walk test
- 2023
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In: ERJ open research. - 2312-0541. ; 9:5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background The 6-min walk test (6MWT) is widely used to assess exercise capacity across chronic health conditions, but is currently not useful to assess symptoms, as the scores do not account for the 6-min walk distance (6MWD). We aimed to 1) develop normative reference equations for breathlessness and leg discomfort intensity expressed as modified Borg (mBorg)/6MWD ratios; and 2) validate the equations in people with COPD. Methods Analysis of people aged ⩾40 years who performed two 6MWTs (on a 20-m course) in the Canadian Cohort Obstructive Lung Disease (CanCOLD) study: a healthy cohort (n=291; mean±SD age 67.5±9.4 years; 54% male) with normal 6MWD and lung function, and a COPD cohort (n=156; age 66.2±9.0 years; 56% male; forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity 56.6±8.2%; FEV1 74.4±18.6% pred). The mBorg score was calculated as the Borg 0–10 category ratio intensity rating of breathlessness or leg discomfort recorded at the end of the 6MWT +1 (range 1–11), to avoid zeros and yield ratios proportional to the symptom score and 6MWD−1. Results Using data from the healthy cohort, sex-specific normative reference equations for breathlessness and leg discomfort mBorg/6MWD ratios were developed using multivariable linear regression, accounting for age, and body mass or body mass index. In the COPD cohort, abnormal breathlessness and leg discomfort (mBorg/6MWD>upper limit of normal) showed strong concurrent validity with worse airflow limitation, Medical Research Council breathlessness and COPD Assessment Test scores. Conclusion Normative references for the mBorg/6MWD ratio are presented to assess breathlessness and leg discomfort responses to the 6MWT in COPD.
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- Elmberg, Viktor, et al.
(author)
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Reference equations for breathlessness during incremental cycle exercise testing
- 2023
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In: ERJ Open Research. - : European Respiratory Society. - 2312-0541. ; 9:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Exertional breathlessness is commonly assessed using incremental exercise testing (IET), but reference equations for breathlessness responses are lacking. We aimed to develop reference equations for breathlessness intensity during IET.METHODS: A retrospective, consecutive cohort study of adults undergoing IET was carried out in Sweden. Exclusion criteria included cardiac or respiratory disease, death or any of the aforementioned diagnoses within 1 year of the IET, morbid obesity, abnormally low exercise capacity, submaximal exertion or an abnormal exercise test. Probabilities for breathlessness intensity ratings (Borg CR10) during IET in relation to power output (%predWmax), age, sex, height and body mass were analysed using marginal ordinal logistic regression. Reference equations for males and females were derived to predict the upper limit of normal (ULN) and the probability of different Borg CR10 intensity ratings.RESULTS: 2581 participants (43% female) aged 18-90 years were included. Mean breathlessness intensity was similar between sexes at peak exertion (6.7±1.5 versus 6.4±1.5 Borg CR10 units) and throughout exercise in relation to %predWmax. Final reference equations included age, height and %predWmax for males, whereas height was not included for females. The models showed a close fit to observed breathlessness intensity ratings across %predWmax values. Models using absolute W did not show superior fit. Scripts are provided for calculating the probability for different breathlessness intensity ratings and the ULN by %predWmax throughout IET.CONCLUSION: We present the first reference equations for interpreting breathlessness intensity during incremental cycle exercise testing in males and females aged 18-90 years.
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| 9. |
- Emilsson, Össur Ingi, et al.
(author)
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Positive airway pressure treatment affects respiratory symptoms and gastro-oesophageal reflux : the Icelandic Sleep Apnea Cohort Study
- 2023
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In: ERJ Open Research. - : European Respiratory Society. - 2312-0541. ; 9:5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: To study the effect of positive airway pressure (PAP) treatment on nocturnal gastro-oesophageal reflux (nGOR) and respiratory symptoms among clinical obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) patients.Methods: 822 patients newly diagnosed with OSA referred for PAP treatment were recruited. 732 patients had a 2-year follow-up visit with continuous PAP compliance data (366 full PAP users, 366 partial/non-PAP users). They answered questionnaires, including reporting of nGOR, sleep and respiratory symptoms and general health. Patients with nGOR symptoms once a week or more were defined as "with nGOR". Those without nGOR symptoms and nGOR medication were defined as "no nGOR". Others were defined as "possible nGOR".Results: At 2-year follow-up, PAP treatment among full users resulted in decreased nGOR (adjusted OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.40-0.86) and wheezing (adjusted OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.35-0.88) compared with partial/non-PAP users. Decreased nGOR, among both full and partial/non-users of PAP treatment, was associated with a decrease in productive morning cough (adjusted OR 4.70, 95% CI 2.22-9.99) and a decrease in chronic bronchitis (adjusted OR 3.86, 95% CI 1.74-8.58), but not decreased wheezing (adjusted OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.39-2.08). A mediation analysis found that PAP treatment directly led to a decrease in wheezing, not mediated through nGOR. Conversely, PAP treatment decreased productive cough mediated through a decrease in nGOR.Conclusion: In an unselected group of OSA patients, PAP treatment for 2 years was associated with a decrease in nGOR and respiratory symptoms. The PAP treatment itself was associated with less wheezing. A decrease in nGOR through PAP treatment was associated with a decrease in productive cough.
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