| 1. |
- Ijumulana, Julian, et al.
(author)
-
Spatial modeling of the occurrences of geogenic fluoride in groundwater systems in Tanzania : Implications for the provision of safe drinking water
- 2024
-
In: Groundwater for Sustainable Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-801X. ; 26
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Inadequate data and spatial dependence in the observations during geochemical studies are among the disturbing conditions when estimating environmental factors contributing to the local variability in the pollutants of interest. Usually, spatial dependence occurs due to the researcher 's imperfection on the natural scale of occurrence which affects the sampling strategy. As a consequence, observations on the study variable are significantly correlated in space. In this study, the machine learning approach was developed and used to study the environmental factors controlling the local variability in fluoride concentrations in drinking water sources of northern Tanzania within the East African Rift Valley. The approach constituted the use of geographical information systems (GIS) technology, exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) methods, and spatial regression modeling at a local level. The environmental variables used to study the local variation in fluoride concentration include topography, tectonic processes, water exchanges between hydrogeological layers during lateral movement, mineralization processes (EC), and water pH. The study was based on 20 local spatial regimes determined using GIS based on water sources density in the four hydrogeological environments. Specifically, the nonparametric (one-way Kruskal-Wallis sum ranks test and Multiple Comparisons Dunn Test), spatial statistics (Global Moran 's I statistic), ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, and spatial lag models were used to quantify the effects of topography, tectonic processes, water exchange between hydrogeological environments and water physiochemical parameters (pH and EC) on the spatial variability of fluoride concentrations in drinking water sources at a local scale. In order of significance, the local spatial variation in fluoride concentration is influenced by the EC, topography, tectonic processes, pH, and water exchange between hydrogeological layers during water movement. The results presented in this paper are crucial for safe water access planning in naturally contaminated aquifer systems.
|
|
| 2. |
- Jakariya, Md, et al.
(author)
-
Changing water sources and extraction methods in Bangladesh: Challenges, consequences, and sustainable solutions
- 2024
-
In: Groundwater for Sustainable Development. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 2352-801X. ; 25
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The quest for safe water in Bangladesh has resulted in the shift of water sources and extraction methods throughout history. The study aims to investigate the factors driving these changes, assess the consequences of current water consumption trends, and propose solutions for sustainable water management. The research highlights the historical shift from surface water to tube-wells for accessing groundwater, driven by their affordability and user-friendly nature. However, the discovery of arsenic contamination in tube-well water raised serious public health concerns, leading to the exploration of alternative water sources and extraction techniques. Various methods such as dug wells, pond sand filters, piped water supply, rainwater harvesting, and well-sharing have been adopted by communities and indigenous groups to ensure access to safe and clean water. The study reveals disparities in the installation of deep tube-wells by the government and NGOs, often overlooking safer water sources available at shallower depths. Furthermore, the study discusses the consequences of high-yielding technologies and increased water consumption in Sonargaon Upazila, leading to groundwater-related disasters and a decline in the groundwater table. Private irrigation facilities have become more popular among people, contributing to the declining groundwater table. This study provides insights into the changing water sources and extraction methods in Bangladesh, identifies the consequences of current water consumption trends, and proposes strategies for sustainable water management. The findings underline the importance of informed decision-making, government intervention, and community involvement to address the challenges of groundwater depletion and contamination in the region.
|
|
| 3. |
- Jakariya, Md., et al.
(author)
-
Developing a safe water atlas for sustainable drinking water supply in Sonargaon Upazila, Bangladesh
- 2024
-
In: Groundwater for Sustainable Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-801X. ; 25
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- access to safe drinking water has always been a challenge for Bangladesh due to the geogenic contamination in shallow aquifers. The objective of this study was to identify the depth for extracting safe water and to develop a developed to validate the indigenous knowledge of targeting safe depth based on sediment color. To address the preparing safe water atlas for a specific region in Bangladesh, serving as a decision-making tool for households. The atlas identifies depths at which tube-wells can be installed to obtain uncontaminated groundwater, helping people make informed choices and avoid potential health risks. Additionally, the safe water atlas can support the
|
|
| 4. |
- Mahapatra, Sarbanee, et al.
(author)
-
Microplastics and nanoplastics in environment: Sampling, characterization and analytical methods
- 2024
-
In: Groundwater for Sustainable Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-801X. ; 26
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) have gained increasing attention in environmental research due to their ubiquitousness and potential impacts on natural environments and human health as per the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG-14 to address global threats where at least 12 SDGs, directly/indirectly impacts. Present review is undertaken to highlight the process of breakdown of diverse groups of plastic products in soil, surface water, and groundwater under the influence of different factors (UV, light, heat, microbe, etc.), which are mobilized as MPs/NPs to the surface water, groundwater, air, soil, and living organisms by different natural and anthropogenic processes. Review also highlights a comprehensive overview of the methodology for sampling, characterization, and analysis for these minuscule plastic particles (PPs) in various environmental samples, encompassing surface/subsurface water, sediments, soils, and biological organisms. The collection, extraction, and characterization of MPs/NPs, typically employ filtration processes, wherein a known volume of water is passed through a fine mesh to capture MPs/NPs from water samples. Sediment/soil samples require sieving and density separation techniques to isolate PPs from the surrounding matrix. Biological samples require digestion steps to remove organic matter, leaving behind plastics for analysis. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are commonly utilized to determine the polymer composition, size, shape, and surface characteristics of PPs. Quantification involves several approaches, visual counting, image analysis, and spectroscopic techniques. Abundance of MPs/NPs in the respective environmental samples (water, air, soil, etc.) can be determined by comparing the richness (i.e., number/mass) of plastics to the volume or weight of the original sample. Such comprehensive analytical methodologies contribute to understand the scope and magnitude of plastic pollution and its potential repercussions for ecosystems and human well-being, which are essential for developing the effective strategies to mitigate these pressing global environmental challenges for sustainable development.
|
|
| 5. |
- Saghravani, Seyed Reza, et al.
(author)
-
Multi-isotopic and hydrochemical evidence of water resources evolution and recharge estimation in the tropical coastal aquifer
- 2024
-
In: Groundwater for Sustainable Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-801X. ; 24
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The study integrates hydrochemical and isotopic (δ18O, δ2H, 3H, and δ13C) techniques to investigate water evolution in the North Kelantan River basin. Groundwater facies were mainly classified as Ca–Mg–Cl, Ca–Mg–Cl–HCO3, and Na–Cl during the rainy season and shift toward Ca–Mg–HCO3 and Na–Ca–HCO3–Cl during the dry season in surface water and shallow aquifer, while facies in intermediate and deep aquifers were classified as Na–HCO3 and Na–Cl. The δ18O and δ2H compositions of most groundwater samples have not deviated significantly from NKMWL (δ2H = 8.4 δ18O + 11.5) with slightly depleted isotopic values due to the humid climate. Isotopically, evaporation does not impact recharged water significantly. However, shallow aquifers are slightly enriched than deep aquifers of the study area. The estimated recharge was 20.17% and 22.52% of annual rainfall based on the CMB and δ18O values, respectively. The recharge mainly occurs during the wet season and is influenced mostly by the amount of rain. Aquifers clustered in distinct groups based on their isotopic signatures and hydrochemical results. The decomposition of organic matter is the primary carbon source in the study area. Building on this, by utilizing isotope hydrology to study water resources, we can gain a deeper insight into the susceptibility of groundwater in coastal aquifers of monsoonal tropical humid regions.
|
|
| 6. |
- Upadhyay, Sweta, et al.
(author)
-
Microplastics in freshwater: Unveiling sources, fate, and removal strategies
- 2024
-
In: Groundwater for Sustainable Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-801X. ; 26
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In aquatic environments, microplastics pose alarming threat to the environment since they actively convey hazardous contaminants and aggregate into biota. Although studies on microplastics in freshwater ecosystems have increased recently, there are still many concerns about the origins, sources, fate, and distribution of MPs. This thorough review includes 167 studies (2017–2024) with an aim to provide knowledge of the type, sources, and detection of microplastics in freshwater ecosystems, along with their consequences on aquatic species and human health. The main sources of microplastic in freshwater ecosystems include improperly disposed plastic trash, industrial raw materials, personal care items, and synthetic fabrics. Factors like retention time, flow rate, and seasonal variations influence their permanence in freshwater (FW) ecosystems, ultimately leading to their transport through river networks. The most hazardous polymers identified are PUR, PAN, PVC, Epoxy resin, and ABS. Previous studies have confirmed their ‘Trojan horse effect’ due to their ability to adorb drugs (e.g., acyclovir, atenolol, sulfamethoxazole, and ibuprofen), heavy metals (As, Cd), pesticides (difenoconazole, buprofezin, imidacloprid), antibiotic-resistant genes and microorganisms. Microplastics carrying above pollutants may possess carcinogenic properties and other health risks, considering their entry into the human body through FW-sourced water and food products. Currently, there is a lack of standardized protocols for the identification, assessment, and quantification of MPs in freshwater ecosystems. The common identification techniques are spectroscopy, Microscopy, mass spectroscopy, and novel methods like staining and AFM-IR spectroscopy. The multifaceted impact of microplastics on FW ecosystems, from contaminant transmission to human health, underscores the intricate interactions within this environmental challenge.
|
|
