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- Abedinifar, S., et al.
(author)
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Ethanol production by Mucor indicus and Rhizopus oryzae from rice straw by separate hydrolysis and fermentation
- 2009
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In: Biomass and Bioenergy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0961-9534 .- 1873-2909. ; 33:5, s. 828-833
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Rice straw was successfully converted to ethanol by separate enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation by Mucor indicus, Rhizopus oryzae, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The hydrolysis temperature and pH of commercial cellulase and β-glucosidase enzymes were first investigated and their best performance obtained at 45 °C and pH 5.0. The pretreatment of the straw with dilute-acid hydrolysis resulted in 0.72 g g-1 sugar yield during 48 h enzymatic hydrolysis, which was higher than steam-pretreated (0.60 g g-1) and untreated straw (0.46 g g-1). Furthermore, increasing the concentration of the dilute-acid pretreated straw from 20 to 50 and 100 g L-1 resulted in 13% and 16% lower sugar yield, respectively. Anaerobic cultivation of the hydrolyzates with M. indicus resulted in 0.36-0.43 g g-1 ethanol, 0.11-0.17 g g-1 biomass, and 0.04-0.06 g g-1 glycerol, which is comparable with the corresponding yields by S. cerevisiae (0.37-0.45 g g-1 ethanol, 0.04-0.10 g g-1 biomass and 0.05-0.07 glycerol). These two fungi produced no other major metabolite from the straw and completed the cultivation in less than 25 h. However, R. oryzae produced lactic acid as the major by-product with yield of 0.05-0.09 g g-1. This fungus had ethanol, biomass and glycerol yields of 0.33-0.41, 0.06-0.12, and 0.03-0.04 g g-1, respectively.
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- Abelli, Björn
(author)
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Directing and Enacting the Information System
- 2007
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In: Advances in Information Systems Development - New Methods and Practice for the Networked Society.. - Boston, MA : Springer US. - 9780387708010 ; , s. 13-23
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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- Abraham, Getahun Yacob
(author)
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Compulsory School Curricula of South Africa (RNCS, 2002) and Sweden (Lpo94).
- 2008
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In: Compulsory School Curricula of South Africa (RNCS, 2002) and Sweden (Lpo94)..
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Compulsory School Curricula of South Africa (RNCS1, 2002) and Sweden (Lpo 294).AbstractThe aim of this paper is to analyse the compulsory school curricula of South Africa and Sweden. It focuses on contexts for their introduction, main actors in the process, democratic values they contain and their similarities and differences. Norman Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is used for analysis. The curricula and references to other literatures show similarities and differences. Contextual similarities are that both countries were once under oppression and their masses were isolated from the education process and more resources were invested on their elites. At present the curricula of both countries strives for democratic education. A major difference is equal opportunities for the students to attend a school of their choice are higher in Sweden than in South Africa. The Swedish curriculum is more concrete on issues related to students, teachers and other school staff’s rights and responsibilities, and on relations between school, home and society.Key words: South Africa, Sweden, Curricula, and Democratic values
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