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- Starrin, Bengt, et al.
(author)
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Financial Stress, Shaming Experiences and Psychosocial Ill-Health : Studies into the Finances-Shame Model
- 2009
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In: Social Indicators Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0303-8300 .- 1573-0921. ; 91:2, s. 283-298
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the study was to test the Finances-Shame model and its explanatory power regarding the prevalence of psychosocial ill-health. The Finances-Shame model postulates that (i) the greater the financial stress and the more experiences of having been shamed, the greater the risk for psychosocial ill-health, (ii) the lesser the financial stress and the fewer experiences of having been shamed, the lower the risk for psychosocial ill-health. The study was based upon a survey carried out during the period March 2000-May 2000 in a mid-Swedish region (n = 5,666). The response rate was 69%. The results of the study supported the hypotheses.
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- Åslund, Cecilia, 1977-
(author)
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Depression and Antisocial Behaviour in Adolescents : Influence of Social Status, Shaming, and Gene-Environment Interaction
- 2009
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis investigated (1) social status and shaming experiences in relation to aggressive behaviour and depression, and (2) gene-environment interactions between two genetic polymorphisms related to the serotonergic system – MAOA-VNTR and 5HTTLPR – and experiences of maltreatment in relation to delinquent behaviour and depression among adolescents. The four included studies are based on questionnaire data from the Survey of Adolescent Life in Vestmanland 2006 (SALVe-2006). A total of 5396 students in 9th (15-16 years old) grade of elementary school and 2nd (17-18 years old) grade of high school comprised the target population. The students in 2nd grade of high school also provided a saliva sample for gene extraction. There were strong associations between shaming experiences and both aggressive behaviour and depression. In addition, individuals who reported many shaming experiences and had either low or high social status had increased risks of physical aggression or depression, whereas medium social status seemed to have a protective effect. Gene-environment interactions were found between experiences of maltreatment and the MAOA-VNTR in relation to delinquent behaviour. Moreover, the direction of the gene-environment interaction differed depending on sex: boys with the short (S) variant of the MAOA-VNTR, in contrast to girls with the long (LL) variant, had the highest risk of delinquency in combination with maltreatment. Gene-environment interactions were also found between experiences of maltreatment and the 5HTTLPR in relation to depression among girls. The girls that were homozygous for the S allele (SS) had the highest risk of depression in combination with maltreatment. Among boys however, no gene-environment interaction was found between the 5HTTLPR and maltreatment in relation to depression. In conclusion, it is important to consider both genetic effects, and psychosocial factors such as social status, shaming experiences, and experiences of maltreatment when investigating different aspects of health and behaviour among adolescents.
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- Åslund, Cecilia, 1977-, et al.
(author)
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Impact of the interaction between the 5HTTLPR polymorphism and maltreatment on adolescent depression. : A population-based study
- 2009
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In: Behavior Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0001-8244 .- 1573-3297. ; 39:5, s. 524-531
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Serotonin plays a central role in mood regulation and the development of depressive disorders. The present study investigated whether a functional polymorphism (5HTTLPR) of the serotonin transporter gene interacts with maltreatment in the prediction of depression. A cohort of 17-18 year old students (n=1482) anonymously completed the Survey of Adolescent Life and Health in Vestmanland 2006 and gave a saliva sample for DNA extraction. An association between maltreatment and adolescent depression was found independent of sex. When the whole population was analyzed, no main effect of 5HTTLPR in association with depression was found. When separated by sex, a significant main effect and a GxE interaction effect of the SS allele was found among girls. No gene main effect or GxE interaction effect was found among boys. The present study confirms previous findings of sex differences in interaction effects between the 5HTTLPR polymorphism and maltreatment in the prediction of adolescent depression.
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| 6. |
- Åslund, Cecilia, et al.
(author)
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Shaming experiences and the association between adolescent depression and psychosocial risk factors
- 2007
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In: European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - Uppsala Univ, Clin Res Ctr, Cent Hosp Vasteras, S-72189 Vasteras, Sweden. Karlstad Univ, Dept Social Sci, Karlstad, Sweden. Lillehammer Univ Coll, Fac Hlth & Social Studies, Lillehammer, Norway. : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1018-8827 .- 1435-165X. ; 16:5, s. 298-304
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective To investigate whether psychosocial risk factors such as parental separation, parental unemployment and experiences of sexual abuse are associated with adolescent depression, and whether shaming experiences (defined as experiences of being degraded, or ridiculed by others) may account for such an association. Method A total of 5048 Swedish adolescents answered the Survey of Adolescent Life in Vestmanland 2004 (SALVe—2004) during classhours. The survey included questions about depressive symptoms, parental separation, parental unemployment and experiences of sexual abuse. Results The psychosocial risk factors studied were all associated with depression, but several of these associations became non-significant when a factor for shaming experiences was entered into the models. The explained variance for depression furthermore increased from approximately 4–7% to 17–20% when shame was included. Conclusion Shaming experiences may mediate part of the association between psychosocial risk factors and depression. These findings may have important implications for the understanding of psychotherapeutic treatment of the effects of risk factors in depressed patients.
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| 7. |
- Åslund, Cecilia, 1977-, et al.
(author)
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Social status and shaming experiences related to adolescent overt aggression at school
- 2009
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In: Aggressive Behavior. - : Wiley. - 0096-140X .- 1098-2337. ; 35:1, s. 1-13
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Feelings of rejection and humiliation in interpersonal interaction are strongly related to aggressive behavior. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between social status, shaming experiences, gender and adolescent aggressive behavior by using a status-shaming model. A population-based sample of 5396 adolescents aged from 15 to 18 completed a questionnaire which asked questions regarding psychosocial background, shaming experiences, social status of family, peer group and school, and involvement in physical or verbal aggression at school. Shaming experiences, i.e. being ridiculed or humiliated by others, were strongly related to aggressive behavior. Social status and shaming were related in the prediction of aggressive behavior, suggesting that a person’s social status may influence the risk for taking aggressive action when subjected to shaming experiences. Medium social status seemed to have a protective function in the association between shaming experiences and aggression. The study confirms the importance of further evaluation of the role of perceived social status and shaming experiences in the understanding of aggressive behavior. Moreover, the results indicate the need for different kinds of status measures when investigating associations between status and behavior in adolescent populations. The results may have important implications for the prevention of bullying at school as well as other deviant aggressive behavior among adolescents.
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| 8. |
- Åslund, Cecilia, 1977-, et al.
(author)
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Subjective social status and shaming experiences in relation to adolescent depression
- 2009
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In: Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 1072-4710 .- 1538-3628. ; 163:1, s. 55-60
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To investigate associations between social status, shaming experiences and adolescent depression by the use of a status-shaming model. Design: Population-based self-report cohort study. Setting: Västmanland, Sweden. Participants: A cohort of 5396 students in grade nine (15-16 years old) and second year of high school (17-18 years old). Intervention: Participants completed the anonymous questionnaire Survey of Adolescent Life in Vestmanland - 2006 (SALVe 2006) during class hours. Outcome Measures: We investigated prevalence of depression according to DSRS (DSM IV, A-criterion), in relation to subjective social status, shaming experiences, and social background factors. Social status was measured in two ways - attributed status of a family’s socioeconomic and social standing, and acquired status of peer group and school. Binary logistic regressions were used for the analyses. Results: Shaming experiences and low social status interacted in relation to depression. If shaming experiences were present, participants with both high and low attributed status showed an elevated risk for depression (OR 5.4-6.9), whereas medium status seemed to have a protective function. For acquired status, the highest elevated risk was found among participants with low status (OR 6.7-8.6). Conclusions: It is possible that a person’s social status may influence the risk for depression when subjected to shaming experiences. The study contributes to the mapping of the influence of social status on health, and may have essential implications in the understanding, prevention and treatment of adolescent depression.
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