| 1. |
- Engvall, Jan, et al.
(author)
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Moderately trained male football players, compared to sedentary male adults, exhibit anatomical but not functional cardiac remodelling, a cross-sectional study
- 2021
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In: Cardiovascular Ultrasound. - : BMC. - 1476-7120. ; 19
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Elite athletes have been the subject of great interest, but athletes at an intermediate level of physical activity have received less attention in respect to the presence of cardiac enlargement and/or hypertrophy. We hypothesized that playing football, often defined as demanding less endurance components than running or cycling, would still induce remodelling similar to sports with a dominating endurance component. Methods 23 male football players, age 25+/- 3.9 yrs. underwent exercise testing, 2D- and 3D- echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). The results were compared with a control group of engineering students of similar age. The athletes exercised 12 h/week and the control subjects 1 h/week, p < 0.001. Results The football players achieved a significantly higher maximal load at the exercise test (380 W vs 300 W, p < 0.001) as well as higher calculated maximal oxygen consumption, (49.7 vs 37.4 mL x kg(- 1) x min(- 1), p < 0.001) compared to the sedentary group. All left ventricular (LV) volumes assessed by 3DEcho and CMR, as well as CMR left atrial (LA) volume were significantly higher in the athletes (3D-LVEDV 200 vs 154 mL, CMR-LVEDV 229 vs 185 mL, CMR-LA volume 100 vs 89 mL, p < 0.001, p = 0.002 and p = 0.009 respectively). LVEF and RVEF, LV strain by CMR or by echo did not differentiate athletes from sedentary participants. Right ventricular (RV) longitudinal strain, LA and right atrial (RA) strain by CMR all showed similar results in the two groups. Conclusion Moderately trained intermediate level football players showed anatomical but not functional cardiac remodelling compared to sedentary males.
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| 3. |
- Asplund, Sofia, et al.
(author)
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Self-rated exhaustion disorder and associated health-related factors among municipal employees in rural areas of northern Sweden
- 2021
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In: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - : Springer. - 0340-0131 .- 1432-1246. ; , s. 659-668
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study among municipal employees in rural areas of northern Sweden were to assess the prevalence of self-rated exhaustion disorder (s-ED), describe plausible between-group differences in self-reported health-related factors among employees with or without s-ED, and identify health-related factors associated with s-ED.METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, data were collected from 1093 municipal employees (76.1% women) in two rural areas using an instrument measuring s-ED and health variables drawn from the Modern Worklife Questionnaire (MWQ), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and the National Board of Health and Welfare's questions about physical activity. Comparisons were made between an s-ED and a non-s-ED group. Health-related factors associated with s-ED were identified through a logistic regression.RESULTS: Self-rated exhaustion disorder was reported by 21.5% of the participants. Health-related factors associated with s-ED were cognitive problems, sleep problems, depressive symptoms, high stress, poor self-rated health, and stomach problems. There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of participants who met the criteria of physical activity among s-ED and non-s-ED group.CONCLUSION: Findings from this study suggest that s-ED is more common among municipal employees in rural areas than in other working populations in Sweden. Several health-related factors were associated with s-ED. Regular use of a self-rated instrument in evaluating the organizational and social work environment can identify people at risk of developing exhaustion disorder and requiring long-term sick leave.
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| 4. |
- Coelho, Vera, et al.
(author)
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Preschool practices in Sweden, Portugal, and the United States
- 2021
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In: Early Childhood Research Quarterly. - : Elsevier BV. - 0885-2006 .- 1873-7706. ; 55, s. 79-96
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Across countries, there are important differences related to the goals, organization, and educational philosophies of care provided to young children prior to formal schooling. Those differences are likely reflected in the classroom practices and teacher-child interactions within a country's early childhood education and care (ECEC) classrooms. This study aims to evaluate the within-country relevance of two classroom observation measures primarily based on a behavioral count approach focused on teacher and child behaviors; and to examine preschool practices in Sweden, Portugal, and the U.S., as they reflect each country's ECEC goals, organization, and educational philosophies. Participants are 78 preschool settings in Sweden, 42 in Portugal, and 168 in the U.S. Results show that the measures targeted culturally-relevant behaviors and provided inter-rater reliability for the behavior count variables in the three countries. Future collaborations may address additional culturally-specific variables. The behavioral descriptions yielded by combining behavioral counts of the measures are analyzed by researchers from the relevant country for insights to the country's values related to early childhood as well as current debates regarding care for children. Measures that provide comprehensive descriptions of classroom settings and apply minimal external or comparative value judgments on the behaviors observed are of practical utility for collaborative international work.
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| 5. |
- Forsberg, Lena, et al.
(author)
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Bröstimplantat kan försvåra diagnostik av hjärtsjukdomar : Inför kirurgi bör patienten informeras om vilka konsekvenser bröstimplantat kan ha för framtida hjärtdiagnostik [Cosmetic breast implants can influence cardiac imaging]
- 2022
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In: Läkartidningen. - : Sveriges Läkarförbund. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 119
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cosmetic breast implants are increasing in popularity. The presence of foreign material overlying the anterior wall of the heart can influence cardiac imaging and lead to misdiagnosis of cardiac disease. Echocardiography is commonly used in patients for evaluation of cardiac structure and function. Breast implants can cause impaired quality of the echocardiographic images because of an interaction between the implant material and the ultrasound beam, and as a consequence this can lead to a decreased diagnostic accuracy. In myocardial perfusion imaging breast implant can induce attenuation artifacts, which can be mistaken for myocardial infarction. The number of indications for cardiac MRI examinations are increasing, but also with this technique the presence of breast implants can induce artefacts that impair the possibilities to optimal quality. Women considering breast augmentation should be informed of the risk that the procedure can result in impaired quality of different cardiac imaging modalities.
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| 6. |
- Fred, Jenny, 1972-, et al.
(author)
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Vad kan ett algebraiskt "wicked problem" vara?
- 2022
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In: Book of abstracts. ; , s. 29-30
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Inom forskningsfältet early algebra framhålls betydelsen av att elever redan i årskurs F-3 utmanas till ett algebraiska tänkande, då goda kunskaper i algebra bland annat anses möjliggöra för elever att utvecklas även inom andra områden inom matematiken (e.g. Cai & Knuth, 2011; Kieran, 2018). Ur ett bredare perspektiv, än bara algebra, har intresset för de sociopolitiska dimensionerna av matematikundervisning vuxit bland forskare och praktiker under de senaste decennierna (Gutiérrez, 2013; Planas & Valero, 2016). Ur ett sociopolitiskt perspektiv handlar matematikundervisningen inte bara om att lära matematik utan också om vad matematikundervisningen tillför eleverna i förhållande till att bli aktiva medborgare. Det finns således en utmaning för undervisningen i algebra i relation till att försöka kombinera främjandet av framtida demokratiska medborgare och elevers utveckling av algebraiskt tänkande. Ett sätt att försöka hantera denna utmaning kan vara att arbeta med ”wicked problems” (se t.ex. Rittel & Webbers, 1973). ”Wicked problems" är komplexa problem som kan stödja idén om elevnära kontexter, stärka elevers kritiska reflektion och demokratiska deltagande i utvidgade gemenskaper samt skapa en annan typ av behov av algebraiskt tänkande.Syftet med vår presentation är att diskutera ”wicked problems” (för elever i årskurs 1-3) som såväl utmanar elevers algebraiska tänkandet som deras förmåga att bli aktiva medborgare. Frågeställningen är: Hur samspelar/samspelar inte socio-politiska, algebraiska och didaktiska aspekter i ett algebraiskt ”wicked problem”?Presentationen bygger på data från ett kollaborativt arbete där lärare, lärarstudenter, lärarutbildare och forskare tillsammans i en iterativ process har utforskat idén om algebraiska ”wicked problems”. I den iterativa processen har Skovsmose och Borbas (2004) modell använts. Den erbjuder metodologiska verktyg för att tänka, göra och prata om kritiska element som kan dyka upp i utforskandeprocessen när man vill utmana en existerande och/eller dominerande praktik. I detta fall handlar det om att försöka placera algebraiskt tänkande i ett större sammanhang och där även idén om främjandet av aktiva medborgare finns med.Våra tentativa resultat ger en indikation på att ”wicked problem” kan stödja idén om vad en elevnära kontext kan vara samt hur man kan skapa en annan typ av behov av algebraiskt tänkande. Resultaten visar också att det finns en uppenbar risk att elever antingen bortser från algebraiska aspekter eller från sociopolitiska aspekter samt att de i vissa fall bortser från båda. I vår presentation kommer vi att med utgångspunkt i våra designade algebraiska ”wicked problem” diskutera möjliga orsaker till vad som gör att socio-politiska, algebraiska och didaktiska aspekter samspelar, inte samspelar eller helt bortses från.
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| 7. |
- Friis, Eva, et al.
(author)
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The Gap Problem
- 2020. - 1
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In: Om rättssociologisk tillämpning. - 9789144132181 ; , s. 107-122
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 8. |
- Johnson, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Dredging and deposition of metal sulfide rich river sediments results in rapid conversion to acid sulfate soil materials
- 2022
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In: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 813
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sediments along the Baltic Sea coast can contain considerable amounts of metal sulfides that if dredged and the spoils deposited such that they are exposed to air, can release high concentrations of acid and toxic metals into recipient water bodies. Two river estuaries in western Finland were dredged from 2013 to 2018 and the dredge spoils were deposited on land previously covered with agricultural limestone to buffer the pH and mitigate acid and metal release. In this study, the geochemistry and 16S rRNA gene amplicon based bacterial communities were investigated over time to explore whether the application of lime prevented a conversion of the dredge spoils into acid producing and metal releasing soil. The pH of the dredge spoils decreased with time indicating metal sulfide oxidation and resulted in elevated sulfate concentrations along with a concomitant release of metals. However, calculations indicated only approximately 5% of the added lime had been dissolved. The bacterial communities decreased in diversity with the lowering of the pH as taxa most similar to extremely acidophilic sulfur, and in some cases iron, oxidizing Acidithiobacillus species became the dominant characterized genus in the deposited dredge spoils as the oxidation front moved deeper. In addition, other taxa characterized as involved in oxidation of iron or sulfur were identified including Gallionella, Sulfuricurvum, and Sulfurimonas. These data suggest there was a rapid conversion of the dredge spoils to severely acidic soil similar to actual acid sulfate soil and that the lime placed on the land prior to deposition of the spoils, and later ploughed into the dry dredge spoils, was insufficient to halt this process. Hence, future dredging and deposition of dredge spoils containing metal sulfides should not only take into account the amount of lime used for buffering but also its grain size and mixing into the soil.
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| 9. |
- Ohlsson, Linus, et al.
(author)
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Echocardiographic haemodynamic monitoring in the context of HeartMate 3™ therapy: a systematic review
- 2024
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In: ESC Heart Failure. - : WILEY PERIODICALS, INC. - 2055-5822.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AimsWhile echocardiography remains essential within haemodynamic monitoring of durable mechanical circulatory support, previous echocardiographic guidelines are missing scientific evidence for the novel HeartMate 3 (TM) (HM3) system. Accordingly, this review aims to summarize available echocardiographic evidence including HM3.Methods and resultsThis systematic review adhered to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Searches were conducted during August 2023 across PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar using specific echocardiographic terms combined with system identifiers. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for cohort studies and Critical Appraisal Instrument (PCAI) for cross-sectional studies. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria, of which eight cohort studies and one cross-sectional study. Aortic regurgitation (AR) prevalence at approximately 12 months of support exhibited heterogenicity (33.5% (Delta 33%)) in a limited number of studies (n = 3). Several studies (n = 5) demonstrated an increasing prevalence and severity of AR during HM3 support, generating moderate to high level of evidence. One AR study showed a higher cumulative incidence of death and heart failure (HF) readmission compared with those without significant AR, hazard ratio 3.42 (95% CI 1.48-8.76). A second study showed that a worsening AR group had significantly lower survival-free from HF readmission (59% vs. 89%, P = 0.023) with a hazard ratio of 5.18 (95% CI 1.07-25.0), while a third study did not reveal any differences in cardiac-related hospitalizations in the 12 months follow-up or non-cardiac-related hospitalization. Mitral regurgitation (MR) prevalence at approximately 12 months of support exhibited good consistency 15.0% (Delta 0.8%) in both included studies, which did not reveal any significant pattern of changing prevalence over time. Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) prevalence at approximately 12 months of support exhibited fair consistency 28.5% (Delta 8.3%) in a limited number of studies (n = 2); both studies showed a statistically un-confirmed trend of increased TR prevalence over time. The evidence of general prevalence of right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) was insufficient due to lack of studies.ConclusionsThere are few methodologically consistent studies with focus on long-term haemodynamic effects. Aortic regurgitation still seems to be a prevalent and potentially significant finding. The available evidence concerning right heart function is limited despite clinical relevance and potential prognostic value. Potential interventricular and haemodynamic interplay are identified as a white field for future research.
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