| 1. |
- Andersson, Tomas, et al.
(author)
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Photon energy influence on valence photoelectron spectra of silver clusters
- 2012
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In: Journal of Physics, Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 388:15, s. 152028-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Silver clusters in the size range of ∼102 constituent atoms have been studied using photoelectron spec-troscopy. The 5s and 4d valence bands have been probed with 40 and 60.5 eV photon energies. Differences in the valence band spectral features have been observed and are discussed in view of earlier results on copper clusters and in terms of differences in mean free path for electrons of different energies.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Tomas, et al.
(author)
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Plasmon single- and multi-quantum excitation in free metal clusters as seen by photoelectron spectroscopy
- 2011
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In: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 134:9, s. 094511-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Plasmons are investigated in free nanoscale Na, Mg, and K metal clusters using synchrotron radiation-based x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The core levels for which the response from bulk and surface atoms can be resolved are probed over an extended binding energy range to include the plasmon loss features. In all species the features due to fundamental plasmons are identified, and in Na and K also those due to either the first order plasmon overtones or sequential plasmon excitation are observed. These features are discussed in view of earlier results for planar macroscopic samples and free clusters of the same materials.
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| 3. |
- Arion, Tiberiu, et al.
(author)
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New insight into the Auger decay process in O-2: The coincidence perspective
- 2012
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In: Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena. - : Elsevier BV. - 0368-2048 .- 1873-2526. ; 185:8-9, s. 234-243
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Photoelectron-Auger electron coincidence spectroscopy is a powerful tool for the investigation of Auger decay processes with different core-ionized intermediate states. In this paper we describe an investigation into the Auger decay of the O-2 molecule, with the purpose of bringing new insight into the dynamics of the core hole decay mechanism. Using a novel experimental approach to measuring such coincidence spectra we report the highest resolution Auger spectrum of O-2 recorded hitherto. In our approach, we have combined the advantages of these coincidence spectra with the high resolution and excellent signal-to-noise ratios of non-coincident Auger spectra and a state-of-the-art fit analysis. In this way we have derived information about the potential energy curves of the final states W-3 Delta(u), B-3 Pi(g), and B' (3)Sigma(-)(u) and concluded that the corresponding Auger transitions are formed to a large part by strongly overlapping vibrational progressions. The present findings are compared to earlier results reported in the literature confirming some theoretical predictions. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Björneholm, Olle, et al.
(author)
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Deeper Insight into Depth-Profiling of Aqueous Solutions Using Photoelectron Spectroscopy
- 2014
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In: Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 118:50, s. 29333-29339
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is widely used to probe properties such as molecular stoichiometry, microscopic distributions relative to the surface by so-called depth-profiling, and molecular orientation. Such studies usually rely on the core-level photoionization cross sections being independent of molecular composition. The validity of this assumption has recently been questioned, as a number of gas-phase molecules have been shown to exhibit photon-energy-dependent nonstochiometric intensity oscillations arising from EXAFS-like modulations of the photoionization cross section. We have studied this phenomenon in trichloroethanol in both gas phase and dissolved in water. The gas-phase species exhibits pronounced intensity oscillations, similar to the ones observed for other gas-phase molecules. These oscillations are also observed for the dissolved species, implying that the effect has to be taken into account when performing depth-profiling experiments of solutions and other condensed matter systems. The similarity between the intensity oscillations for gas phase and dissolved species allows us to determine the photoelectron kinetic energy of maximum surface sensitivity, approximate to 100 eV, which lies in the range of pronounced intensity oscillations.
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| 5. |
- Céolin, Denis, et al.
(author)
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A rotatable electron spectrometer for multicoincidence experiments
- 2010
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In: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : AIP Publishing. - 1089-7623 .- 0034-6748. ; 81:6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have developed a rotatable hemispherical spectrometer with good energy and angular resolution, which can be positioned with the lens axis arbitrarily within a solid angle of 1 pi. The collection angle of the emitted electrons with respect to the polarization axis of the light is set by means of a three-axes goniometer, operating under vacuum. An important requirement for this setup was the possibility to perform coincidences between the electron analyzed by the spectrometer and one or several other particles, such as ions, electrons, or photons. The lens system and the hemispheres have been designed to accommodate such experimental demands, regarding parameters such as the resolving power, the acceptance angle, or the width of the kinetic energy window which can be recorded for a given pass energy. We have chosen to detect the impact position of the electron at the focal plane of the hemispherical analyzer with a delay line detector and a time-to-digital converter as acquisition card rather than using a conventional charge-coupled device camera. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3449333]
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| 6. |
- Eriksson, Susanna K., et al.
(author)
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Solvent Dependence of the Electronic Structure of I- and I-3(-)
- 2014
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In: Journal of Physical Chemistry B. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-6106 .- 1520-5207. ; 118:11, s. 3164-3174
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present synchrotron-based I4d photoelectron spectroscopy experiments of solutions from LiI and LiI3 in water, ethanol, and acetonitrile. The experimentally determined solvent-induced binding energy shifts (SIBES) for the monatomic I- anion are compared to predictions from simple Born theory, PCM calculations, as well as multiconfigurational quantum chemical spectral calculations from geometries obtained through molecular dynamics of solvated clusters. We show that the SIBES for I- explicitly depend on the details of the hydrogen bonding configurations of the solvent to the I- and that static continuum models such as the Born model cannot capture the trends in the SIBES observed both in experiments and in higher-level calculations. To extend the discussion to more complex polyatomic anions, we also performed experiments on I-3(-) and I-/I-3(-) mixtures in different solvents and the results are analyzed in the perspective of SIBES. The experimental SIBES values indicate that the solvation effects even for such similar anions as I- and I-3(-) can be rather different in nature.
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| 7. |
- Foerstel, Marko, et al.
(author)
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Observation of electronic energy bands in argon clusters
- 2010
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In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 82:12, s. 125450-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The 3p valence region of argon clusters has been investigated with photoemission near the photoionization threshold. A strong feature between 14.6 and 15.3 eV binding energy shows a photon-energy dependence indicative of electronic-energy band dispersion. A similar feature at approximately the same binding energy and with a similar dispersion occurs in photoemission spectra of both the ordered and disordered solids. The effect is already fully developed for scaling-law mean cluster sizes < N > of approximately 200 atoms, thus showing an early onset of bulklike electronic properties.
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| 8. |
- Förstel, Marko, et al.
(author)
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Energy band dispersion in photoemission spectra of argon clusters
- 2011
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In: Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena. - : Elsevier BV. - 0368-2048 .- 1873-2526. ; 184:3-6, s. 107-112
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Using photoemission we have investigated free argon clusters from a supersonic nozzle expansion in the photon energy range from threshold up to 28 eV. Measurements were performed both at high resolution with a hemispherical electrostatic energy analyser and at lower resolution with a magnetic bottle device. The latter experiments were performed for various mean cluster sizes. In addition to the approximate to 15eV broad 3p-derived valence band seen in previous work, there is a sharper feature at approximate to 15eV binding energy. Surprisingly for non-oriented clusters, this peak shifts smoothly in binding energy over the narrow photon energy range 15.5-17.7 eV, indicating energy band dispersion. The onset of this bulk band-like behaviour could be determined from the cluster size dependence.
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| 9. |
- Josefsson, Ida, et al.
(author)
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Collective hydrogen-bond dynamics dictates the electronic structure of aqueous I-3(-)
- 2013
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In: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 15:46, s. 20189-20196
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The molecular and electronic structures of aqueous I-3 and I ions have been investigated through ab initio molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and photoelectron (PE) spectroscopy of the iodine 4d core levels. Against the background of the theoretical simulations, data from our I4d PE measurements are shown to contain evidence of coupled solute-solvent dynamics. The MD simulations reveal large amplitude fluctuations in the I-I distances, which couple to the collective rearrangement of the hydrogen bonding network around the I-3(-) ion. Due to the high polarizability of the I-3(-) ion, the asymmetric I-I vibration reaches partially dissociated configurations, for which the electronic structure resembles that of I-2 + I-. The charge localization in the I-3(-) ion is found to be moderated by hydrogen-bonding. As seen in the PE spectrum, these soft molecular vibrations are important for the electronic properties of the I-3(-) ion in solution and may play an important role in its electrochemical function.
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| 10. |
- Kowalik, Iwona, et al.
(author)
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Description of the new I1011 beamline for magnetic measurements using synchrotron radiation at MAX-lab
- 2010
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In: Journal of Physics, Conference Series. - : IOP Science. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 211:1, s. 012030-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report on the characterization of the new I1011 beamline at the MAX-II storage ring, in the MAX-lab synchrotron radiation laboratory and give examples of first results. This beamline is using an Elliptically Polarizing Undulator source, producing soft x-rays of a variable polarization state. It delivers high flux and high brightness circularly polarized x-rays in the energy range 0.2 to 1.7 keV, covering the L-edges of the late 3d elements. The new beamline will operate with an octupole magnet endstation. It is specially engineered to solve the problem of the limited optical access typically associated with magnetic fields and synchrotron radiation endstations. Eight water-cooled magnets allow the application of the magnetic field of up to 1 T in any direction. X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray resonant reflectivity and the corresponding magnetic variants, i.e., XMCD, XMLD and XRMS experiments are possible also under an applied magnetic field. The high flux allows working with dilute magnetic systems such as ultra-thin films and nano structures.
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