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- Adolfsson, Karin H., et al.
(author)
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Zero-Dimensional and Highly Oxygenated Graphene Oxide for Multifunctional Poly(lactic acid) Bionanocomposites
- 2016
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In: ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2168-0485. ; 4:10, s. 5618-5631
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The unique strengths of 2D graphene oxide nanosheets (GONSs) in polymer composites are thwarted by nanosheet agglomeration due to strong intersheet attractions. Here, we reveal that shrinking the planar size to 0D graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs), together with the intercalation of rich oxygen functional groups, reduces filler aggregation and enhances interfacial interactions with the host polymer. With poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as a model matrix, atomic force microscopy colloidal probe measurements illustrated that a triple increase in adhesion force to PLA was achieved for GOQDs (234.8 nN) compared to GONSs (80.4 nN), accounting for the excellent exfoliation and dispersion of GOQDs in PLA, in contrast to the notable agglomeration of GONSs. Although present at trace amount (0.05 wt %), GOQDs made a significant contribution to nucleation activity, mechanical strength and ductility, and gas barrier properties of PLA, which contrasted the inferior efficacy of GONSs, accompanied by clear distinction in film transparency (91% and 50%, respectively). Moreover, the GOQDs with higher hydrophilicity accelerated the degradation of PLA by enhancing water erosion, while the GONSs with large sheet surfaces gave a higher hydrolytic resistance. Our findings provide conceptual insights into the importance of the dimensionality and surface chemistry of GO nanostructures in the promising field of bionanocomposites integrating high strength and multifunction (e.g., enhanced transparency, degradation and gas barrier).
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- Hassanzadeh, Salman, et al.
(author)
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Supramolecular Assembly of Biobased Graphene Oxide Quantum Dots Controls the Morphology of and Induces Mineralization on Poly(epsilon-caprolactone) Films
- 2016
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In: Biomacromolecules. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1525-7797 .- 1526-4602. ; 17:1, s. 256-261
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Biobased 2D graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) were synthesized from waste paper via carbon nanosphere intermediates and evaluated as property-enhancing additives for poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL). The morphology of PCL films was controlled by supramolecular assembly of the small, 2D GOQDs in the polymer matrix. Phase behavior studies of PCL-GOQD in the solid state indicated concentration-dependent self-association of GOQD sheets, which was confirmed by SEM observations. Depending on the GOQD concentration, the formation of, e.g., spheres and stacked sheets was observed. GOQDs also induced mineralization on the surface of the films. A calcium phosphate (CaP) mineralization test revealed that the density of growing CaP crystals was controlled by the type of GOQD aggregates formed. Thus, utilization of the aggregation behavior of small GOQD sheets in polymeric matrices paves the way for tuning the morphology and properties of nanocomposites.
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