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| 2. |
- Oh, Il-Chan, et al.
(author)
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Comparative seed morphology and character evolution in the genus Lysimachia (Myrsinaceae) and related taxa
- 2008
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In: Plant Systematics and Evolution. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0378-2697 .- 1615-6110. ; 271:3-4, s. 177-197
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We investigated seed morphology in 34 species of the genus Lysimachia and in 14 species and two subspecies of six additional genera (Anagallis, Ardisiandra, Asterolinon, Glaux, Pelletiera, Trientalis), which have been shown to be closely related to, or are placed within Lysimachia in previous molecular studies. We studied seed shape, seed coat structure, and seed coat surface patterns. Three major types of seed shape were identified: (1) sectoroid, (2) polyhedral, and (3) coarsely rugose with concave hilar area. In addition, seeds may be keeled or winged. The outer layer of the seed coat is either sponge-like and adhering only loosely to the inner seed coat or it is thin and tightly adhering to the underlying tissue. Seed surface patterns can be divided into six main types: (1) reticulate, (2) tuberculate, (3) vesiculose, (4) colliculate, (5) undulate, or (6) poroid-alveolate. Seed surface patterns are mostly congruent with molecular phylogenetic relationships. A reticulate surface pattern is diagnostic of, e.g. Lysimachia subgenera Palladia and Hawaiian Lysimachiopsis. Mapping seed characters onto a recent phylogenetic tree, reveals that they provide potentially synapomorphic character states for various subclades of Lysimachia. Salient examples include a rugose seed shape, which turns out to be synapomorphic for the clade comprising the genus Pelletiera plus Asterolinon linum-stellatum and a sponge-like outer seed coat layer, which characterizes a clade with Lysimachia vulgaris, L. thyrsiflora, and L. terrestris, with an analogue that apparently evolved in parallel in Trientalis europaea. We also discuss possible habitat factors that may have favored the independent evolution of particular seed types such as winged seeds in various lineages.
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| 3. |
- Manns, Ulrika, 1965-, et al.
(author)
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New combinations and names in Lysimachia (Myrsinaceae) for species of Anagallis, Pelletiera and Trientalis
- 2009
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In: Willdenowia. - : Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Freie Universitaet Berlin. - 0511-9618 .- 1868-6397. ; 39:1, s. 49-54
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- New combinations are proposed for species of Anagallis, Pelletiera and Trientalis in accordance with the results of phylogenetic analyses of the Lysimachia complex, based on molecular and morphological data. These three genera as well as Glaux and Asterolinon, for the species of which names in Lysimachia are already available, have been found to be derived, specialized groups that have evolved within Lysimachia. The present classification therefore does not reflect our current understanding of evolutionary relationships within the Lysimachia complex. Merging all the genera in Lysimachia is here considered better than splitting the latter into several smaller genera. For Anagallis crassifolia and A. filifolia new names are validated and for A. alternifolia and A. pumila the names change since their epithets have already been used in Lysimachia. Lectotypes are selected for A. filifolia, A. filiformis, A. kingaënsis, A. monelli, A. schliebenii, A. serpens and Pelletiera verna, and a neotype is designated for A. foemina.
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| 4. |
- Anderberg, Arne A., et al.
(author)
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Evolutionary relationships in the Asteraceae tribe Inuleae (incl. Plucheeae) evidenced by DNA sequences of ndhF; with notes on the systematic positions of some aberrant genera
- 2005
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In: Organisms Diversity & Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 1439-6092 .- 1618-1077. ; 5:2, s. 135-146
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The phylogenetic relationships between the tribes Inuleae sensu stricto and Plucheeae are investigated by analysis of sequence data from the cpDNA gene ndhF. The delimitation between the two tribes is elucidated, and the systematic positions of a number of genera associated with these groups, i.e. genera with either aberrant morphological characters or a debated systematic position, are clarified. Together, the Inuleae and Plucheeae form a monophyletic group in which the majority of genera of Inuleae s.str. form one clade, and all the taxa from the Plucheeae together with the genera Antiphiona, Calostephane, Geigeria, Ondetia, Pechuel-loeschea, Pegolettia, and Iphionopsis from Inuleae s.str. form another. Members of the Plucheeae are nested with genera of the Inuleae s.str., and support for the Plucheeae clade is weak. Consequently, the latter cannot be maintained and the two groups are treated as one tribe, Inuleae, with the two subtribes Inulinae and Plucheinae. The genera Asteriscus, Chrysophthalmum, Inula, Laggera, Pentanema, Pluchea, and Pulicaria are demonstrated to be non-monophyletic. Cratystylis and Iphionopsis are found to belong to the same clade as the taxa of the former Plucheeae. Caesulia is shown to be a close relative of Duhaldea and Blumea of the Inuleae-Inulinae. The genera Callilepis and Zoutpansbergia belong to the major clade of the family that includes the tribes Heliantheae sensu lato and Inuleae (incl. Plucheeae), but their exact position remains unresolved. The genus Gymnarrhena is not part of the Inuleae, but is either part of the unresolved basal complex of the paraphyletic Cichorioideae, or sister to the entire Asteroideae.
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| 5. |
- Anderberg, Arne A., et al.
(author)
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On the systematic position of Inula rungwensis
- 2008
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In: Compositae Newsletter. - 0284-8422. ; 46, s. 83-84
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The systematic position of Inula rungwensis Beentje is discussed. It is concluded that it is conspecific with Gerbera piloselloides (L.) Cass. of the tribe Mutisieae.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Englund, Markus, et al.
(author)
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Phylogenetic relationships and generic delimitation in Inuleae subtribe Inulinae (Asteraceae) based on ITS and cpDNA sequence data
- 2009
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In: Cladistics. - : Wiley. - 0748-3007 .- 1096-0031. ; 25:4, s. 319-352
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Phylogenetic relationships in Inuleae subtribe Inulinae (Asteraceae) were investigated. DNA sequence data from three chloroplast regions (ndhF,trnL–F and psbA–trnH) and the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region were analysed separately and in combination using parsimony and Bayesian inference. A total of 163 ingroup taxa were included, of which 60 were sampled for all four markers. Conflicts between chloroplast and nuclear data were assessed using partitioned Bremer support (PBS). Rather than averaging PBS over several trees from constrained searches, individual trees were considered by evaluating PBS ranges. Criteria to be used in the detection of a significant conflict between data partitions are proposed. Three nodes in the total data tree were found to encompass significant conflict that could result from ancient hybridization. Neither of the large, heterogeneous and widespread genera Inula and Pulicaria is monophyletic. A monophyletic group ("the Inula complex") that comprises all species of Inula include also Telekia, Carpesium, Chrysophthalmum, Rhanteriopsis, Amblyocarpum, and Pentanema sensu stricto. Two species of Pentanema were found to be closer to Blumea (including Blumeopsis and Merrittia) and Caesulia. The monophyletic "Pulicaria complex" includes all taxa with heteromorphic pappus. Within this group, Francoeuria is distinct from Pulicaria and merits recognition as a separate genus.
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| 8. |
- Manns, Ulrika, 1965-
(author)
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Evolutionary relationships within the Lysimachia complex : with special emphasis on Anagallis
- 2007
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis focuses on Anagallis, an herbaceous genus with a distribution mainly in (sub-) tropical Africa, Madagascar or South America. A few species are found in drier climate. Anagallis is considered close to Lysimachia, separated based on mode of capsule dehiscence. Monophyly of Anagallis was tested by phylogenetic analyses of nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequence data. Character evolution within Anagallis s.l., also including Asterolinon, Pelletiera and Lysimachia nemorum and L. serpyllifolia, was traced by combining morphological and molecular data. With additional chloroplast DNA data, the previously proposed close relationship between Anagallis arvensis and A. foemina was challenged, and the biogeography of “tropical Anagallis” investigated. Both parsimony and Bayesian inference analyses show Anagallis to be non-monophyletic and nested within Lysimachia. A few Anagallis species group together with two Lysimachia species, Asterolinon, and Pelletiera in one clade, whereas all other Anagallis species group in another clade. Morphological synapomorphies of the Anagallis arvensis–Pelletiera clade are few, while the second, strictly Anagallis, clade is recognized by several morphological synapomorphies. Molecular analyses show Anagallis foemina as closer related to A. monelli than to A. arvensis, and the view of A. foemina as a subspecies of A. arvensis should be abandoned. Biogeographic analyses suggest the ancestor of “tropical Anagallis”, i.e. the strictly Anagallis clade, to have had a European distribution. Dispersal to (sub-) tropical Africa has occurred once, while two parallel dispersals from African mainland to Madagascar are suggested. Dispersal from Europe to South America may be explained through long distance dispersal over water, or via land connections. As a concluding part of the thesis, Anagallis, Asterolinon, Pelletiera, and Glaux are merged with Lysimachia based on the results of analyses of molecular and morphological data.
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| 9. |
- Manns, Ulrika, et al.
(author)
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Relationships of Anagallis foemina and A. arvensis (Myrsinaceae): New insights inferred from DNA sequence data.
- 2007
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In: Molecular phylogenetics and evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 1055-7903. ; :45, s. 971-980
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We investigated the relationship between Anagallis arvensis and A. foemina using nuclear and plastid molecular data. Information from the nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and four different chloroplast loci; ndhF, trnL-F, rpl16, and rps16 was analysed using both parsimony and Bayesian inference. Anagallis foemina was found to be most closely related to the perennial A. monelli and not to A. arvensis. The existence of two different cpDNA haplotypes was revealed; one shared by Anagallis foemina, A. monelli, A. platyphylla, and one A. arvensis individual, while all other investigated A. arvensis individuals shared the second haplotype. Ancestral cpDNA polymorphism within Anagallis arvensis or hybridization are possible explanations, however, information in ITS data is too scarce to falsify any of these hypotheses.
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| 10. |
- Oh, Il-Chan, 1970-
(author)
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Comparative Seed Morphology and Phylogenetics : Case Studies in Basal Angiosperms (ANITA) and Asterids (Lysimachia, Ericales)
- 2009
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The first half of the thesis deals with the seed morphology of members of the ANITA grade at the base of the angiosperm phylogeny (Amborella, Nymphaeales, Illiciales, Trimeniaceae, and Austrobaileyaceae), especially Illiciaceae and Schisandraceae. Seed characters support a major division between the New World and Old World species of Illicium. Fossil seeds previously assigned to Illiciaceae were re-evaluated. In Schisandraceae, seed and leaf epidermal characters were added to a previously published morphological data matrix. Phylogenetic analysis using the extended data matrix shows that Kadsura and Schisandra appear to be supported as monophyletic sister taxa by a number of synapomorphies in reproductive and vegetative characters. Fossil seeds from the Eocene of North America show some similarities to the modern Schisandra glabra from North America, whereas fossils from Europe are more similar to modern Asian species. In the second half of the thesis, seed morphology of Lysimachia and closely related taxa (Anagallis, Ardisiandra, Asterolinon, Glaux, Pelletiera, Trientalis) was investigated. The phylogenetic relationships among the endemic Hawaiian species of Lysimachia was also studied, using nuclear ribosomal DNA (ETS, ITS) and chloroplast DNA (rpl16, rpl20-rps12, rps16, trnH-psbA, trnS-G) sequence data. The seeds in Lysimachia and related taxa vary in, e.g., shape, seed coat structure and surface patterns. Seed surface patterns are mostly congruent with molecular phylogenetic relationships. A reticulate surface pattern is diagnostic for, e.g., the subgenus Palladia and the Hawaiian endemic subgenus Lysimachiopsis. Mapping seed characters onto a recent molecular-based phylogenetic tree, reveals that they provide potentially synapomorphic character states for various subclades of Lysimachia. The phylogenetic analysis based on the combined data set using nuclear ribosomal DNA and chloroplast DNA data provides new insights into the relationships within the Hawaiian subgenus Lysimachiopsis. Here our results indicate that earlier taxonomic treatments of the group need to be partially revised.
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