| 1. |
- Andersson, Mats X., 1977, et al.
(author)
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Involvement of the Electrophilic Isothiocyanate Sulforaphane in Arabidopsis Local Defense Responses
- 2015
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In: Plant Physiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0032-0889 .- 1532-2548. ; 167:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Plants defend themselves against microbial pathogens through a range of highly sophisticated and integrated molecular systems. Recognition of pathogen-secreted effector proteins often triggers the hypersensitive response (HR), a complex multicellular defense reaction where programmed cell death of cells surrounding the primary site of infection is a prominent feature. Even though the HR was described almost a century ago, cell-to-cell factors acting at the local level generating the full defense reaction have remained obscure. In this study, we sought to identify diffusible molecules produced during the HR that could induce cell death in naive tissue. We found that 4-methylsulfinylbutyl isothiocyanate (sulforaphane) is released by Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaf tissue undergoing the HR and that this compound induces cell death as well as primes defense in naive tissue. Two different mutants impaired in the pathogen-induced accumulation of sulforaphane displayed attenuated programmed cell death upon bacterial and oomycete effector recognition as well as decreased resistance to several isolates of the plant pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. Treatment with sulforaphane provided protection against a virulent H. arabidopsidis isolate. Glucosinolate breakdown products are recognized as antifeeding compounds toward insects and recently also as intracellular signaling and bacteriostatic molecules in Arabidopsis. The data presented here indicate that these compounds also trigger local defense responses in Arabidopsis tissue.
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| 2. |
- Nilsson, Anders K., 1982, et al.
(author)
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Acylated monogalactosyl diacylglycerol : prevalence in the plant kingdom and identification of an enzyme catalyzing galactolipid head group acylation in Arabidopsis thaliana
- 2015
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In: The Plant Journal. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0960-7412 .- 1365-313X. ; 84:6, s. 1152-1166
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The lipid phase of the thylakoid membrane is mainly composed of the galactolipids mono-and digalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG and DGDG, respectively). It has been known since the late 1960s that MGDG can be acylated with a third fatty acid to the galactose head group (acyl-MGDG) in plant leaf homogenates. In certain brassicaceous plants like Arabidopsis thaliana, the acyl-MGDG frequently incorporates oxidized fatty acids in the form of the jasmonic acid precursor 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA). In the present study we further investigated the distribution of acylated and OPDA-containing galactolipids in the plant kingdom. While acyl-MGDG was found to be ubiquitous in green tissue of plants ranging from non-vascular plants to angiosperms, OPDA-containing galactolipids were only present in plants from a few genera. A candidate protein responsible for the acyl transfer was identified in Avena sativa (oat) leaf tissue using biochemical fractionation and proteomics. Knockout of the orthologous gene in A. thaliana resulted in an almost total elimination of the ability to form both non-oxidized and OPDA-containing acyl-MGDG. In addition, heterologous expression of the A. thaliana gene in E. coli demonstrated that the protein catalyzed acylation of MGDG. We thus demonstrate that a phylogenetically conserved enzyme is responsible for the accumulation of acyl-MGDG in A. thaliana. The activity of this enzyme in vivo is strongly enhanced by freezing damage and the hypersensitive response.
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| 3. |
- Persson, Mats, 1987-, et al.
(author)
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Upper limits of the photon fluence rate on CT detectors : Case study on a commercial scanner
- 2016
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In: Medical physics (Lancaster). - : AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS. - 0094-2405. ; 43:7, s. 4398-4411
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: The highest photon fluence rate that a computed tomography (CT) detector must be able to measure is an important parameter. The authors calculate the maximum transmitted fluence rate in a commercial CT scanner as a function of patient size for standard head, chest, and abdomen protocols. Methods: The authors scanned an anthropomorphic phantom (Kyoto Kagaku PBU-60) with the reference CT protocols provided by AAPM on a GE LightSpeed VCT scanner and noted the tube current applied with the tube current modulation (TCM) system. By rescaling this tube current using published measurements on the tube current modulation of a GE scanner [N. Keat, "CT scanner automatic exposure control systems," MHRA Evaluation Report 05016, ImPACT, London, UK, 2005], the authors could estimate the tube current that these protocols would have resulted in for other patient sizes. An ECG gated chest protocol was also simulated. Using measured dose rate profiles along the bowtie filters, the authors simulated imaging of anonymized patient images with a range of sizes on a GE VCT scanner and calculated the maximum transmitted fluence rate. In addition, the 99th and the 95th percentiles of the transmitted fluence rate distribution behind the patient are calculated and the effect of omitting projection lines passing just below the skin line is investigated. Results: The highest transmitted fluence rates on the detector for the AAPM reference protocols with centered patients are found for head images and for intermediate-sized chest images, both with a maximum of 3.4 . 10(8) mm(-2) s-1, at 949 mm distance from the source. Miscentering the head by 50 mm downward increases the maximum transmitted fluence rate to 5.7 . 10(8) mm(-2) s(-1). The ECG gated chest protocol gives fluence rates up to 2.3 . 10(8)-3.6 . 10(8) mm(-2) s(-1) depending on miscentering. Conclusions: The fluence rate on a CT detector reaches 3 . 10(8)-6 . 10(8) mm(-2) s(-1) in standard imaging protocols, with the highest rates occurring for ECG gated chest and miscentered head scans. These results will be useful to developers of CT detectors, in particular photon counting detectors. (C) 2016 American Association of Physicists in Medicine.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Abdollahi Sani, Negar, et al.
(author)
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All-printed diode operating at 1.6 GHz
- 2014
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In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 111:33, s. 11943-11948
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Printed electronics are considered for wireless electronic tags and sensors within the future Internet-of-things (IoT) concept. As a consequence of the low charge carrier mobility of present printable organic and inorganic semiconductors, the operational frequency of printed rectifiers is not high enough to enable direct communication and powering between mobile phones and printed e-tags. Here, we report an all-printed diode operating up to 1.6 GHz. The device, based on two stacked layers of Si and NbSi2 particles, is manufactured on a flexible substrate at low temperature and in ambient atmosphere. The high charge carrier mobility of the Si microparticles allows device operation to occur in the charge injection-limited regime. The asymmetry of the oxide layers in the resulting device stack leads to rectification of tunneling current. Printed diodes were combined with antennas and electrochromic displays to form an all-printed e-tag. The harvested signal from a Global System for Mobile Communications mobile phone was used to update the display. Our findings demonstrate a new communication pathway for printed electronics within IoT applications.
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| 6. |
- Ahlskog, Mats, 1970-
(author)
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Supporting pre-development of new manufacturing technologies
- 2015
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In today’s tough industrial environment, efficient development of new products and new manufacturing solutions is necessary to stay competitive on a global market. Manufacturing companies use substantial money and development resources to develop new products. However, the resources spent on finding and implementing emerging manufacturing technologies are much more limited. This is often the case even though it is well known that a way of competing on a global market is through the introduction of new manufacturing technologies that can improve product quality as well as contribute to reducing manufacturing time, resulting in reduced product price and in the end increased profit.When introducing new manufacturing technologies, different challenges arise such as lack of knowledge, involvement of an external equipment supplier, etc. In addition, time-to-volume is critical when introducing new manufacturing technologies in a manufacturing context. To be able to have a fast ramp-up, manufacturing technology needs to be mature enough and at the same time meet all requirements. Efficient introduction of new manufacturing technologies requires that pre-development activities have been performed in advance.Previous research in this area highlights a lack of knowledge and solutions regarding pre-development of new manufacturing technologies. Such pre-development is important in order to have a successful introduction, fast time-to-volume and production system development. Based on these challenges, the objective of the research presented in this thesis is to develop support for pre-development of new manufacturing technologies.The research is based on literature reviews and three empirical case studies, carried out over a two-year period of time. The first empirical case study was an exploratory case study in the manufacturing industry. The purpose of that research study was to identify critical factors forcing manufacturing companies to improve the development of manufacturing technologies.The second study was a longitudinal embedded case study in the manufacturing industry with the purpose of identifying factors that affect evaluation of new manufacturing technologies during new product development. Particular attention was given to the product development process and how it has affected the evaluation of new manufacturing technologies.Finally, the third study was a single case study in the manufacturing industry with the purpose of analysing and discussing the assessment of the maturity level of a manufacturing technology.
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| 7. |
- Almotairi, Fawaz, et al.
(author)
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Swallowing Dysfunction in Adult Patients with Chiari I Malformation
- 2018
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In: Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B-Skull Base. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 2193-6331 .- 2193-634X. ; 79:6, s. 606-613
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Swallowing difficulties have been reported in patients with Chiari I malformation (CMI) with a prevalence of 4 to 47%, but existing evidence is based only on case reports. We aimed to prospectively study swallowing function in adult patients with CMI before and 3 months after surgical decompression. Methods We included all adult patients diagnosed with CMI from September 2015 to October 2017 who underwent a planned surgery at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden. The patients were offered the opportunity to participate in and undergo an assessment consisting of the "Watson Dysphagia Scale (WDS)" and "EORTC QLQ-OG25" written questionnaires in addition to videofluoroscopic examination of swallowing (VFS) before and 3 months after surgery. Demographic data and comorbidities were recorded. Results Eleven patients were included, nine of which underwent both pre- and postoperative evaluations. Four patients (36%) reported varying degrees of swallowing complaints (meanWDS score, 16). In two of these, there was substantial penetration of contrast material into the laryngeal vestibule on VFS, and in the other two patients, minor swallowing disturbances were observed. Borderline deviations from normal VFS findings were also found in three asymptomatic patients. Although not all VFS deviations completely disappeared after surgery, the patients reported no remaining symptoms. Conclusion Symptoms of dysphagia and objective abnormalities on VFS are not uncommon in CMI patients. Surgery has the potential to remedy underlying causes of dysphagia, thereby relieving its symptoms. OULEZZ AO, 1985, JOURNAL OF COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY, V9, P1033
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Anton, et al.
(author)
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A holistic and experimentally-based view on recycling of off-gas dust within the integrated steel plant
- 2018
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In: Metals. - Basel : MDPI AG. - 2075-4701. ; 8:10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ore-based ironmaking generates a variety of residues, including slags and fines such as dust and sludges. Recycling of these residues within the integrated steel plant or in other applications is essential from a raw-material efficiency perspective. The main recycling route of off-gas dust is to the blast furnace (BF) via sinter, cold-bonded briquettes and tuyere injection. However, solely relying on the BF for recycling implicates that certain residues cannot be recycled in order to avoid build-up of unwanted elements, such as zinc. By introducing a holistic view on recycling where recycling via other process routes, such as the desulfurization (deS) station and the basic oxygen furnace (BOF), landfilling can be avoided. In the present study, process integration analyses were utilized to determine the most efficient recycling routes for off-gas dust that are currently not recycled within the integrated steel plants of Sweden. The feasibility of recycling was studied in experiments conducted in laboratory, pilot, and full-scale trials in the BF, deS station, and BOF. The process integration analyses suggested that recycling to the BF should be maximized before considering the deS station and BOF. The experiments indicated that the amount of residue that are not recycled could be minimized.
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Anton, et al.
(author)
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RECYCLING OF THE HIGH-ZINC FRACTION OF UPGRADED BF SLUDGE WITHIN THE INTEGRATED STEEL PLANT
- 2018
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Ore-based steelmaking generates a variety of residues and recycling of these within the existing process or via other applications is essential for sustainable production from mainly environmental aspects. In blast furnace (BF) ironmaking, the gas-cleaning equipment recovers the particles in the off-gas as BF dust and sludge. Traditionally, the dry dust is recycled back to the BF. In order to recycle the BF sludge together with the dust, the sludge has to be upgraded, removing zinc. The literature reports cases of recycling BF dust and the low-zinc fraction of upgraded BF sludge to the BF. However, research towards recycling of the high-zinc fraction of BF sludge within the ore-based steel plant is limited. In the present paper, the high-zinc fraction of tornado-treated BF sludge was incorporated in self-reducing cold-bonded agglomerates. The agglomerates were subjected to smelting reduction experiments aiming to study the feasibility of recycling the in-plant residues to the desulphurization plant. Difficulties in the melt-in of the agglomerates suggested that cold-bonded pellets were more suitable for recycling than the briquettes. However, full-scale trials suggested that cold-bonded briquettes can be used to recycle in-plant residues to the desulphurization plant without affecting the desulphurization process and final steel quality.
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