| 1. |
- Andreasson, Anna N., et al.
(author)
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Prediction pathways for innate immune pathology, IBS, anxiety and depression in a general population (The POPCOL Study)
- 2013
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In: Brain, behavior, and immunity. - : Elsevier BV. - 0889-1591 .- 1090-2139. ; 32, s. e46-e46
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The aim of this study was to ascertain whether low grade innate inflammation contributes to a pathway of depression and anxiety via irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We evaluated innate immune cell counts in colonic mucosa in normal subjects and those with IBS (Rome III) from a population based study in which 745 randomly selected subjects had a colonoscopy (mean age 51 years;57% women). Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) per 100 enterocytes and eosinophils (eos) per five non-overlapping high power fields (HPF) were counted in 90 controls and 100 cases; immunocytochemistry (CD117) was performed for mast cells per 5HPF in 80 controls and 81 cases. IELs, mast cells and eos were individually summed over 5 sites (terminal ileum, caecum, transverse colon, sigmoid colon and rectum). Anxiety and depression scores were calculated from HADS. A causal model path model which hypothesises immune cells being associated with IBS which, in turn, is associated with elevated anxiety and depression was tested using path analysis implemented in the MPlus software. All hypothesised paths reached statistical significance (p < .05) supporting the individual hypothesized pathways. The overall model fit was reasonable although imperfect. In conclusion, a significant contribution of innate immune inflammatory load leading to anxiety and depression via IBS was found. Whether therapy directed to decreasing this inflammatory load also lifts depression and anxiety should be further explored.
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| 2. |
- Walter, Susanna, et al.
(author)
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Abdominal pain is associated with anxiety and depression scores in a sample of the general adult population with no signs of organic gastrointestinal disease
- 2013
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In: Neurogastroenterology and Motility. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1350-1925 .- 1365-2982. ; 25:9, s. 741-E576
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Abdominal pain is common in the community, but only a subset meet diagnostic criteria for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Although anxiety and depression have been linked to IBS, the role of mood disturbances in the remainder with symptoms remains unclear. We aimed to study the associations between abdominal pain, anxiety, depression, and quality of life in the general population who were free of organic colonic disease by colonoscopy. Methods Two hundred and seventy-two randomly selected subjects from the general population, mean age 54 years (27-71), were clinically evaluated, had a colonoscopy and laboratory investigations to exclude organic gastrointestinal (GI) disease. All subjects completed GI symptom diaries for 1 week, the Rome II modular questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Short Form 36. Key Results Twenty-two subjects were excluded due to organic disease; 1532 daily symptom records were available for analysis in the remainder. Thirty-four percent (n = 83) recorded at least one episode of abdominal pain on the diary. Twelve percent fulfilled Rome II criteria for IBS. Both anxiety and depression scores were higher in subjects who reported abdominal pain vs those who did not (P andlt; 0.0005 and P andlt; 0.0005). Anxiety and depression scores independently from IBS diagnosis (Rome II) predicted pain reporting and also correlated positively with pain burden. Quality of life scores were generally lower in subjects with abdominal pain. Conclusions andamp; Inferences Anxiety and depression are linked to functional abdominal pain, not only in subjects with IBS but also in otherwise healthy people with milder, subtle GI symptoms.
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| 3. |
- Andreasson, Anna N., et al.
(author)
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Development and preliminary validation of the Sickness Questionnaire (SicknessQ)
- 2013
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In: Brain, behavior, and immunity. - : Elsevier BV. - 0889-1591 .- 1090-2139. ; 32
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The lack of questionnaires to measure subjective feelings of being sick made us develope the Sickness Questionnaire (SicknessQ) for assessment of sickness behavior in people. The objective of the present investigation was to test its internal consistency, criteria validity, and sensitivity to capture the sickness response in an experimental setting. An initial pool of items was developed based on previous research. The statistical properties of SicknessQ was assessed in 172 men and women primary care patients with acute complaints and involved three steps: (1) principal component analyses to reduce the number of items and to identify latent factor structures, (2) tests of internal consistencies of subscales, and (3) hierarchical regression analyses to test criteria validity of the subscales. Subsequently, sensitivity to change was tested in a placebo controlled experiment in which 31 blinded healthy men and women were injected with endotoxin (LPS) to provoke sickness behavior. Principal components analysis suggested a 3-factor solution with a total of 11 items measuring fatigue (5 items), pain (4 items) and emotion (2 items). The total scale as well as each of the three separate factors were significantly changed 90 min after endotoxin injection as compared to baseline (p’s < .01). In all, the new 11-item SicknessQ is highly sensitive to a mild systemic inflammation. Further studies are planned to test its usefulness and prognostic value in clinical settings.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Lidberg, Lisa, et al.
(author)
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Self-rated health in response to experimental manipulations of inflammation is mediated by sickness behavior as assessed by the sickness questionnaire
- 2013
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In: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. - : Elsevier BV. - 0889-1591. ; 32:Supplement, s. e34-e34
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Factors that influence subjective health ratings (e.g. pain, tiredness, lack of energy) resemble immune activated sickness behavior. Accordingly, previous research has shown a relation between inflammatory cytokines and poor self-rated health. However, neither the causality of the association, nor what mediates it, is clear. In this study we investigated if a transient immune activation would affect subjective health perception and, if so, if this effect is mediated by symptoms of sickness behavior. Using a between-subject design, 51 healthy subjects were injected with either endotoxin (LPS 0.6 ng/kg) or placebo. Stimulation resulted in a peak response in pro-inflammatory cytokines after 90–120 min. Ninety minutes after injection, both perceived health framed to represent current (“How is your health right now?”) and global health (“How would you rate your general state of health”?) was significantly lower in the endotoxin condition (p’s < .01). The effect of endotoxin on self-rated health was mediated by sickness behavior as assessed by a newly developed questionnaire, Sickness Questionnaire, to 91% for current and 68 % for global health. In conclusion, it is demonstrated that a transient inflammatory activation, likely working through symptoms of sickness behavior, affects both subjectively perceived health for the moment as well as how health status on the more general level is appraised.
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| 7. |
- Sundelin, Tina, et al.
(author)
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Sleep loss and subjective health
- 2013
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In: Brain, behavior, and immunity. - : Elsevier BV. - 0889-1591 .- 1090-2139. ; 32
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Both insufficient sleep and subjective health predict mortality and are related to sickness-like symptoms as well as immune activation. Cross-sectional data show a strong association between sleep and subjective health, but there is a lack of experimental data that may distinguish causation from association. We investigated the effects of restricted sleep on subjective health in two experimental studies. The first study consisted of 23 subjects (11 women) who rated their subjective health twice, once after 31 h of wakefulness and once after normal sleep (8 h sleep/night). The second study had 25 subjects (14 women) who rated their subjective health after two consecutive nights with 4 h sleep/night and after normal sleep (8 h sleep/night). In the group deprived of sleep for 31 h, participants rated themselves as less healthy that day (−1.7 on a 7-point scale, p < 0.01) compared to after normal sleep. In the group with partially restricted sleep, participants also rated their health as worse compared to after normal sleep, both their current health (−0.8 on a 7-point scale, p < 0.05) and general health (−0.6 on a 5-point scale, p < 0.05). This study shows that an experimental reduction of sleep, complete as well as partial, leads to poorer subjective health. Considering the predictive qualities of this measure, future studies should determine the underlying mechanisms of the connection between insufficient sleep and worse subjective health.
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