| 1. |
- Abreha, Kibrom Berhe, et al.
(author)
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Inoculation of Transgenic Resistant Potato by Phytophthora infestans Affects Host Plant Choice of a Generalist Moth
- 2015
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In: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Pathogen attack and the plant's response to this attack affect herbivore oviposition preference and larval performance. Introduction of major resistance genes against Phytophthora infestans (Rpi-genes), the cause of the devastating late blight disease, from wild Solanum species into potato changes the plant-pathogen interaction dynamics completely, but little is known about the effects on non-target organisms. Thus, we examined the effect of P. infestans itself and introduction of an Rpi-gene into the crop on host plant preference of the generalist insect herbivore, Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). In two choice bio-assays, S. littoralis preferred to oviposit on P. infestans-inoculated plants of both the susceptible potato (cv. Desiree) and an isogenic resistant clone (A01-22: cv. Desiree transformed with Rpi-blb1), when compared to uninoculated plants of the same genotype. Both cv. Desiree and clone A01-22 were equally preferred for oviposition by S. littoralis when uninoculated plants were used, while cv. Desiree received more eggs compared to the resistant clone when both were inoculated with the pathogen. No significant difference in larval and pupal weight was found between S. littoralis larvae reared on leaves of the susceptible potato plants inoculated or uninoculated with P. infestans. Thus, the herbivore's host plant preference in this system was not directly associated with larval performance. The results indicate that the Rpi-blb1 based resistance in itself does not influence insect behavior, but that herbivore oviposition preference is affected by a change in the plant-microbe interaction.
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| 2. |
- Abreha, Kibrom Berhe, et al.
(author)
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Phosphite protects against potato and tomato late blight in tropical climates and has varying toxicity depending on the Phytophthora infestans isolate
- 2019
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In: Crop Protection. - : Elsevier BV. - 0261-2194 .- 1873-6904. ; 121, s. 139-146
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Late blight caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans is one of the most severe diseases of potato (Solarium tuberosum L.) and tomato (Solarium lycopersicum L.). In this study, field trials were conducted in a cool tropical highland of Ethiopia for three consecutive years to investigate the efficacy of phosphite alone and in combination with conventional fungicide against late blight in two potato cultivars and one tomato cultivar. Phosphite alone and in combination with reduced dosages of the fungicide Ridomil (mancozeb 64% and metalaxyl-M 4% (w/w)) led to effective suppression of late blight in research plots and in farmers' fields under light-to-normal late blight pressure. However, phosphite was not as effective as the fungicide under high disease pressure. Notably, phosphite was more effective against tomato late blight than against potato late blight, and gave the same protection as the fungicide in tomato. In vitro assays showed small differences in sensitivity to phosphite among five European and two Ethiopian isolates of P. infestans in terms of radial growth, sporangium production and sporangium germination, which could affect the population structure. Since phosphite can be provided at a lower price than conventional fungicides, it can reduce expenses for Ethiopian farmers with preserved late blight control.
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| 3. |
- Alexandersson, Erik, et al.
(author)
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Plant Resistance Inducers against Pathogens in Solanaceae Species-From Molecular Mechanisms to Field Application
- 2016
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In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-6596 .- 1422-0067. ; 17
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This review provides a current summary of plant resistance inducers (PRIs) that have been successfully used in the Solanaceae plant family to protect against pathogens by activating the plant's own defence. Solanaceous species include many important crops such as potato and tomato. We also present findings regarding the molecular processes after application of PRIs, even if the number of such studies still remains limited in this plant family. In general, there is a lack of patterns regarding the efficiency of induced resistance (IR) both between and within solanaceous species. In many cases, a hypersensitivity-like reaction needs to form in order for the PRI to be efficient. "-Omics" studies have already given insight in the complexity of responses, and can explain some of the differences seen in efficacy of PRIs between and within species as well as towards different pathogens. Finally, examples of field applications of PRIs for solanaceous crops are presented and discussed. We predict that PRIs will play a role in future plant protection strategies in Solanaceae crops if they are combined with other means of disease control in different spatial and temporal combinations.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Andreasson, Erik, et al.
(author)
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Phosphite alters the behavioral response of potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella) to field-grown potato
- 2019
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In: Pest Management Science. - : Wiley. - 1526-498X .- 1526-4998. ; 75, s. 616-621
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND The potato tuber moth (PTM) (Phthorimaea operculella) is a pest of solanaceous species that causes serious damage to potato tubers and tomato fruits. Control is mainly dependent on the use of synthetic chemicals, which pose a risk to the environment and health of farmers, especially in developing countries where application safety rules are often neglected. In this study we aimed at investigating the effects of a plant resistance inducer (PRI) potassium phosphite on PTM larval population density and PTM parasitoid levels, which can be used as biocontrol agents. We also tested whether intercropping with tomato, which is less attractive to PTM, provided a spatial border to further reduce PTM numbers. RESULTS In two different locations over two seasons, we showed that foliar application of phosphite more than halved the PTM larval populations on potato, and that PTM parasitoid numbers were unaffected. No consistent reduction in PTM was achieved by intercropping potato with tomato. CONCLUSIONS Phosphite reduced PTM numbers in the field without interfering with autochthonous parasitoids, indicating its suitability as part of an Integrated Pest Management strategy. Ex situ choice tests showed that phosphite-treated potato deterred PTM, which could be a reason for the control of PTM in the field. (c) 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
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| 6. |
- Bjerke, Maria, 1977, et al.
(author)
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Assessing the commutability of reference material formats for the harmonization of amyloid beta measurements.
- 2016
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In: Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine : CCLM / FESCC. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1437-4331 .- 1434-6621. ; 54:7, s. 1177-91
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid-β (Aβ42) peptide is an important biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Variability in measured Aβ42 concentrations at different laboratories may be overcome by standardization and establishing traceability to a reference system. Candidate certified reference materials (CRMs) are validated herein for this purpose. METHODS: Commutability of 16 candidate CRM formats was assessed across five CSF Aβ42 immunoassays and one mass spectrometry (MS) method in a set of 48 individual clinical CSF samples. Promising candidate CRM formats (neat CSF and CSF spiked with Aβ42) were identified and subjected to validation across eight (Elecsys, EUROIMMUN, IBL, INNO-BIA AlzBio3, INNOTEST, MSD, Simoa, and Saladax) immunoassays and the MS method in 32 individual CSF samples. Commutability was evaluated by Passing-Bablok regression and the candidate CRM termed commutable when found within the prediction interval (PI). The relative distance to the regression line was assessed. RESULTS: The neat CSF candidate CRM format was commutable for almost all method comparisons, except for the Simoa/MSD, Simoa/MS and MS/IBL where it was found just outside the 95% PI. However, the neat CSF was found within 5% relative distance to the regression line for MS/IBL, between 5% and 10% for Simoa/MS and between 10% and 15% for Simoa/MSD comparisons. CONCLUSIONS: The neat CSF candidate CRM format was commutable for 33 of 36 method comparisons, only one comparison more than expected given the 95% PI acceptance limit. We conclude that the neat CSF candidate CRM can be used for value assignment of the kit calibrators for the different Aβ42 methods.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Chawade, Aakash, et al.
(author)
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Targeted Proteomics Approach for Precision Plant Breeding
- 2016
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In: Journal of Proteome Research. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1535-3893 .- 1535-3907. ; 15, s. 638-646
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Selected reaction monitoring (SRM) is a targeted mass spectrometry technique that enables precise quantitation of hundreds of peptides in a single run. This technique provides new opportunities for multiplexed protein biomarker measurements. For precision plant breeding, DNA-based markers have been used extensively, but the potential of protein biomarkers has not been exploited. In this work, we developed an SRM marker panel with assays for 104 potato (Solanum tuberosum) peptides selected using univariate and multivariate statistics. Thereafter, using random forest classification, the prediction markers were identified forPhytopthora infestansresistance in leaves,P. infestansresistance in tubers, and plant yield in potato leaf secretome samples. The results suggest that the marker panel has the predictive potential for three traits, two of which have no commercial DNA markers so far. Furthermore, the marker panel was also tested and found to be applicable to potato clones not used during the marker development. The proposed workflow is thus a proof-of-concept for targeted proteomics as an efficient readout in accelerated breeding for complex and agronomically important traits.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Hedman-Lagerlöf, Erik, et al.
(author)
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The impact of exposure-based cognitive behavior therapy for severe health anxiety on self-rated health : Results from a randomized trial
- 2017
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In: Journal of Psychosomatic Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3999 .- 1879-1360. ; 103, s. 9-14
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Self-rated health (SRH) has been shown to be a stable predictor of illness and mortality. Improvement in SRH, even in the absence of change in objective health, predicts better health and reduced mortality. Severe health anxiety (SHA) is characterized by fear of illness and distorted health perception. The objective of the present study was to investigate if exposure-based cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for SHA can lead to improvement in SRH and whether this improvement is mediated by reduced health anxiety. Methods: Data were collected from a randomized controlled trial where participants with SHA were allocated to 12 weeks of exposure-based CBT (n = 99) for SHA or to a no treatment control condition (n = 33). The mediation analysis was based on SRH- and health anxiety data collected weekly during the treatment phase. Results: Linear mixed effects models analysis showed a significant interaction effect of group and time indicating superior improvements in SRH in exposure-based CBT compared to the control condition (Z = 2.69, p = 0.007). The controlled effect size was moderately large (d = 0.64) and improvements were stable at 1-year follow-up. Reduced health anxiety was a significant mediator of improvement in SRH. Conclusions: 12 weeks of exposure-based CBT for SHA can lead to significant improvements in SRH. Considering the previously established importance of SRH as a predictor for disease and mortality, exposure-based CBT for severe health anxiety may lead to improvements on several important health parameters, possibly even increasing the likelihood of longevity.
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