| 1. |
- Apelfröjd, Rikke, et al.
(author)
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Design and measurement based evaluations of coherent JT CoMP : a study of precoding, user grouping and resource allocation using predicted CSI
- 2014
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In: EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1687-1472 .- 1687-1499. ; , s. 100-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Coordinated multipoint (CoMP) transmission provides high theoretic gains in spectral efficiency with coherent joint transmission (JT) to multiple users. However, this requires accurate channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT) and also user groups with spatially compatible users. The aim of this paper is to use measured channels to investigate if significant CoMP gains can still be obtained with channel estimation errors. This turns out to be the case, but requires the combination of several techniques. We here focus on coherent downlink JT CoMP to multiple users within a cluster of cooperating base stations. The use of Kalman predictors is investigated to estimate the complex channel gains at the moment of transmission. It is shown that this can provide sufficient CSIT quality for JT CoMP even for long (> 20 ms) system delays at 2.66 GHz at pedestrian velocities or, for lower delays, at 500 MHz, at vehicular velocities. A user grouping and resource allocation scheme that provides appropriate groups for CoMP is also suggested. It provides performance close to that obtained by exhaustive search at very low complexity, low feedback cost and very low backhaul cost. Finally, a robust linear precoder that takes channel uncertainties into account when designing the precoding matrix is considered. We show that, in challenging scenarios, this provides large gains compared with zero-forcing precoding. Evaluations of these design elements are based on measured channels with realistic noise and intercluster interference assumptions. These show that high JT CoMP gains can be expected, on average over large sets of user positions, when the above techniques are combined - especially in severely intracluster interference limited scenarios.
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| 2. |
- Apelfröjd, Rikke, 1986-
(author)
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Design Aspects of Coordinated Multipoint Transmission : A Study of Channel Predictions, Resource Allocation, User Grouping and Robust Linear Precoding for Coherent Joint Transmission
- 2014
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Shadowed areas and interference at cell borders pose great challenges for future wireless broadband systems. Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP) coherent joint transmission has shown the potential to overcome these challenges by turning harmful interference into useful signal power. However, there are obstacles to overcome before coherent joint transmission CoMP can be deployed. Some of these are the investigated in this thesis.First, coherent joint transmission requires very accurate Channel State Information (CSI), but unfortunately long system latencies cause outdating of the CSI. This can to some extend be counteracted by channel predictions. Two schemes are here investigated for predicting downlink Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) channels; Kalman filters and “predictor antennas”. The first is well suited for slow moving users, e.g. pedestrians or cyclists, as it does not require any special antenna setup. The second, which utilizes an extra antenna, located in front of the main receive antennas, is well suited for vehicular users, such as buses or trams, as these require long spatial prediction horizon.Second, a user grouping and resource allocation scheme is investigated. This scheme forms CoMP groups by local resource allocations and provides multi-user diversity gains very close to the optimal gains, found through an extensive combinatorial search. It has very low complexity, requires less feedback capacity than other schemes and places no demands on backhaul capacity.Finally, a linear precoder, which is robust to errors in the CSI, is investigated. This precoder takes the covariances of the channel errors into account while optimizing a Mean Squared Error (MSE) criterion. The MSE criterion includes design parameters that can be used as flexible tools for low dimensional searches with respect to an arbitrary optimization criterion, e.g. a weighted sum-rate criterion. The precoder design is also extended to handle backhaul constraints.Results show that with the combination of these three schemes: channel predictions, the proposed user grouping and resource allocation scheme and the robust linear precoder, then coherent joint transmission will indeed provide large capacity gains.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Apelfröjd, Rikke, et al.
(author)
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Robust linear precoder for coordinated multipoint joint transmission under limited backhaul with imperfect CSI
- 2014
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In: 2014 11TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS (ISWCS). - 9781479958634 ; , s. 138-143
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Coordinated Multipoint (COMP) transmission provides high theoretic gains in spectral efficiency, in particular with coherent linear Joint Transmission (JT) to multiple users. However, this requires high backhaul capacity. If the backhaul requirement cannot be met by the system, then CoNIP gains decrease as the linear precoder matrix must be adjusted to include zeros. To minimize the loss of CoMP gains, all elements in the precoder should be adjusted as zeros are added to the precoder. We here propose a low complexity method for adjusting a precoder matrix when some elements are required to be zero, with respect to a robust MSE criterion. This is done by introducing penalties on specific precoder matrix elements. This generalized MSE criterion can then be used as a low complexity tool for optimizing e.g. with respect to sum-rate. Results show that this does indeed provide a better solution than if zeros are added separately. It is especially beneficial for cell edge users, i.e. for the same users that can gain the most from JT CoNIP.
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| 5. |
- Jamaly, Nima, 1979, et al.
(author)
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Analysis and Measurement of Multiple Antenna Systems for Fading Channel Prediction in Moving Relays
- 2014
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In: 2014 8TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (EUCAP). - 2164-3342. - 9788890701849 ; , s. 2015-2019
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The performance of wireless data transmission to mobile vehicles is improved if channel state information is available at the transmitter but movement of vehicles causes outdating of channel estimates. The concept of a predictor antenna has recently been proposed, where an antenna is placed in front of other antennas on the roof of the vehicle to sense the radio environment in advance. This can comparatively provide an order-of-magnitude improvement in channel prediction performance. A potential problem with this idea is that closely placed antennas will experience mutual electromagnetic couplings. These may reduce the efficiency of the predictor antenna concept if they are not taken into account. In this paper, we discuss about how to treat the forgoing issue and eventually evaluate a promising candidate on measured channels. We argue that only open-circuit voltage method would be realistic for the present application. The usefulness of the proposed decoupling method is demonstrated on field measurements obtained in downtown Dresden, Germany. We also partly address the sensitivity of the open-circuit decoupling method to the accuracy of the utilized network parameters.
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| 6. |
- Jungnickel, Volker, et al.
(author)
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The role of small cells, coordinated multi-point and massive MIMO in 5G
- 2014
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In: IEEE Communications Magazine. - 0163-6804 .- 1558-1896. ; 52:5, s. 44-51
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- 5G will have to support a multitude of new applications with a wide variety of requirements, including higher peak and user data rates, reduced latency, enhanced indoor coverage, increased number of devices, and so on. The expected traffic growth in 10 or more years from now can be satisfied by the combined use of more spectrum, higher spectral efficiency, and densification of cells. The focus of the present article is on advanced techniques for higher spectral efficiency and improved coverage for cell edge users. We propose a smart combination of small cells, joint transmission coordinated multipoint (JT CoMP), and massive MIMO to enhance the spectral efficiency with affordable complexity. We review recent achievements in the transition from theoretical to practical concepts and note future research directions. We show in measurements with macro-plus-small-cell scenarios that spectral efficiency can be improved by flexible clustering and efficient user selection, and that adaptive feedback compression is beneficial to reduce the overhead significantly. Moreover, we show in measurements that fast feedback reporting combined with advanced channel prediction are able to mitigate the impairment effects of JT CoMP.
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| 7. |
- Klockar, Annika, et al.
(author)
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User-centric pre-selection and scheduling for coordinated multipoint systems
- 2014
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In: 2014 11th International Symposium on Wireless Communications Systems (ISWCS 2014). - : IEEE. - 9781479958634 ; , s. 888-894
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The data traffic volumes are constantly increasing in cellular networks. Furthermore, a larger part of the traffic is generated by applications that require high data rates. Techniques including Coordinated Multipoint transmission (CoMP) can increase the data rates, but at the cost of a high overhead. The overhead can be reduced if only a subset of the users is served with CoMP. In this paper, we propose a user selection approach, including pre-selection of CoMP users and short term scheduling, that takes user requirements into account. Users that require a high data rate to reach an acceptable level of service satisfaction are selected to use coherent joint processing CoMP in some of their downlink transmission bandwidth. Simulation results show that both the number of satisfied users and fairness are improved with the proposed user selection as compared to user selection that does not consider individual user requirements.
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