| 1. |
- Arnetz, Bengt B., et al.
(author)
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Organizational Climate, Occupational Stress, and Employee Mental Health : Mediating Effects of Organizational Efficiency
- 2011
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In: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - 1076-2752 .- 1536-5948. ; 53:1, s. 34-42
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To determine whether the relationship between organizational climate and employee mental health is consistent (ie, invariant) or differs across four large hospitals, and whether organizational efficiency mediates this relationship. Methods: Participants (total N = 5316) completed validated measures of organizational climate variables (social climate, participatory management, goal clarity, and performance feedback), organizational efficiency, occupational stress, and mental health. Results: Path analysis best supported a model in which organizational efficiency partially mediated relationships between organizational climate, occupational stress, and mental health. Conclusions: Focusing on improving both the psychosocial work environment and organizational efficiency might contribute to decreased employee stress, improved mental well-being, and organizational performance.
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| 2. |
- Arnetz, Bengt B, et al.
(author)
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Specific Trauma Subtypes Improve the Predictive Validity of the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire in Iraqi Refugees
- 2014
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In: Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1557-1912 .- 1557-1920. ; 16:6, s. 1055-1061
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Trauma exposure contributes to poor mental health among refugees, and exposure often is measured using a cumulative index of items from the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ). Few studies, however, have asked whether trauma subtypes derived from the HTQ could be superior to this cumulative index in predicting mental health outcomes. A community sample of recently arrived Iraqi refugees (N = 298) completed the HTQ and measures of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression symptoms. Principal components analysis of HTQ items revealed a 5-component subtype model of trauma that accounted for more item variance than a 1-component solution. These trauma subtypes also accounted for more variance in PTSD and depression symptoms (12 and 10 %, respectively) than did the cumulative trauma index (7 and 3 %, respectively). Trauma subtypes provided more information than cumulative trauma in the prediction of negative mental health outcomes. Therefore, use of these subtypes may enhance the utility of the HTQ when assessing at-risk populations.
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| 3. |
- Arnetz, Bengt B, et al.
(author)
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Spiritual values and practices in the workplace and employee stress and mental well-being
- 2013
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In: Journal of Management, Spirituality and Religion. - : International Association of Management Spirituality & Religion. - 1476-6086 .- 1942-258X. ; 10:3, s. 271-281
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective:To determine whether employees’ spiritual values and practicesin the workplace attenuate occupational stress and work-related exhaustion,and promote mental well-being.Methods:Participants (N = 649) completedvalidated measures of mental well-being, occupational stress, and workrelatedexhaustion, as well as two newly developed measures of individualspiritual values and practices in the workplace.Results:Factor analysis confirmedthat spirituality items belonged to two separate constructs. In logisticregression models, the Spiritual Values in the Workplace scale was positivelyassociated with mental well-being and low occupational stress. Thespiritual practices at work scale was positively associated with low workrelatedexhaustion.Conclusions: Employee spiritual values and practices, aswell as workplace acceptance of such practices, appear to promote mentalwell-being and attenuate stress.
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| 4. |
- Arnetz, Judith E., et al.
(author)
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Is patient involvement during hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction associated with post-discharge treatment outcome? : an exploratory study
- 2010
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In: Health Expectations. - : Wiley. - 1369-6513 .- 1369-7625. ; 13:3, s. 298-311
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective To investigate whether patient involvement during hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction (MI) was associated with health and behavioural outcomes 6–10 weeks after hospital discharge. Background Patient involvement has been associated with improved health outcomes in chronic disease, but less research has focused on the effects of patient involvement in acute conditions, such as MI. Design Self-administered questionnaire study. Questionnaire results were run against medical outcome data in a national database of cardiac patients. Setting and participants Cardiac patients (n = 591) on their first follow-up visit after hospitalization for MI at 11 Swedish hospitals. Main outcome measures Patient ratings of three questionnaire scales related to involvement; cardiovascular symptoms, medication compliance, participation in cardiac rehabilitation, and achievement of secondary preventive goals. Results More positive patient ratings of involvement were significantly associated with fewer cardiovascular symptoms 6–10 weeks after hospital discharge. In contrast, patients who attended cardiac rehabilitation and achieved the goals for smoking cessation and systolic blood pressure were significantly less satisfied with their involvement. No association was found between involvement ratings and medication compliance. Conclusion This study represents a first attempt to examine associations between patient involvement in the acute phase of illness and short-term health outcomes. Some significant associations between involvement and health and behavioural outcomes after acute MI were found. However, higher involvement ratings were not consistently associated with more desirable outcomes, and involvement during hospitalization was not associated with MI patient health and behaviour 6–10 weeks after hospital discharge to the extent hypothesized.
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| 5. |
- Arnetz, Judith E., et al.
(author)
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Organizational Climate Determinants of Resident Safety Culture in Nursing Homes
- 2011
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In: The Gerontologist. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0016-9013 .- 1758-5341. ; 51:6, s. 739-749
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose of the Study: In recent years, there has been an increasing focus on the role of safety culture in preventing costly adverse events, such as medication errors and falls, among nursing home residents. However, little is known regarding critical organizational determinants of a positive safety culture in nursing homes. The aim of this study was to identify organizational climate predictors of specific aspects of the staff-rated resident safety culture (RSC) in a sample of nursing homes. Design and Methods: Staff at 4 Michigan nursing homes responded to a self-administered questionnaire measuring organizational climate and RSC. Multiple regression analyses were used to identify organizational climate factors that predicted the safety culture dimensions nonpunitive response to mistakes, communication about incidents, and compliance with procedures. Results: The organizational climate factors efficiency and work climate predicted nonpunitive response to mistakes (p < .001 for both scales) and compliance with procedures (p < .05 and p < .001 respectively). Work stress was an inverse predictor of compliance with procedures (p < .05). Goal clarity was the only significant predictor of communication about incidents (p < .05). Implications: Efficiency, work climate, work stress, and goal clarity are all malleable organizational factors that could feasibly be the focus of interventions to improve RSC. Future studies will examine whether these results can be replicated with larger samples.
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| 6. |
- Jamil, Hikmet, et al.
(author)
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Do Household Smoking Behaviors Constitute a Risk Factor for Hookah Use?
- 2011
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In: Nicotine & tobacco research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1462-2203 .- 1469-994X. ; 13:5, s. 384-388
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Much research has focused on the role played by families in cigarette smoking behavior. However, there is a lack of such research for hookah (waterpipe) smoking. This study focuses on the role of family members' hookah smoking behaviors as a possible risk factor for hookah smoking. Methods: Eight hundred and one adults in southeast Michigan responded to an anonymous self-administered survey regarding personal and family members' hookah smoking behavior and perceptions of health risks related to hookah smoking. Multinomial logistic regression modeling was used to examine risk factors for hookah use. Results The prevalence of current hookah smoking in the study population was 26%. The odds ratio for an individual to smoke hookah were 9.5 (95% CI = 2.37-38.47, p < .01), 8.6 (95% CI = 3.92-19.02, p < .001), and 1.2 (95% CI = 1.14-1.41, p < .05) if the father, mother, or sibling, respectively, smoked hookah at home. Male gender and younger age were also significantly associated with hookah smoking. Household hookah smoking behaviors were also significant risk factors among former hookah smokers compared with nonsmokers, but there were no significant risk factors when comparing former hookah smokers with current hookah smokers. Conclusions: Having a father, mother, or sibling smoking hookah at home, male gender and younger age are significant risk factors for current hookah smoking.
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| 7. |
- Jamil, Hikmet, et al.
(author)
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Risk Factors for Hookah Smoking Among Arabs and Chaldeans
- 2014
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In: Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1557-1912 .- 1557-1920. ; 16:3, s. 501-507
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Hookah smoking is more prevalent among individuals of Middle Eastern descent. This study examined general and ethnic-specific risk factors for hookah smoking among Arabs and Chaldeans. A self-administered anonymous questionnaire was conducted among 801 adults residing in Southeast Michigan. Binary logistic regression modeling was used to predict risk factors for hookah smoking. Hookah smoking was significantly more prevalent among Arabs (32 %) than Chaldeans (26 %, p < 0.01) and being Arab was a risk factor for lifetime hookah use. Younger age (<25 years), being male, higher annual income, and having health insurance were significant risk factors for hookah use. Chaldeans believed to a greater extent than Arabs that smoking hookah is less harmful than cigarette smoking (75 vs. 52 %, p < 0.001). Hookah smoking is prevalent in both ethnic groups, but significantly higher among Arabs. Results indicate that prevention efforts should target younger males with higher incomes.
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| 8. |
- Jamil, Hikmet, et al.
(author)
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Sociodemographic risk indicators of hookah smoking among White Americans : A pilot study
- 2010
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In: Nicotine & tobacco research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1462-2203 .- 1469-994X. ; 12:5, s. 525-529
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Despite the sustained public health efforts to decrease cigarette smoking, there is an increasing trend in the use of alternative tobacco products that are perceived by some as less harmful. One example is hookah smoking. This study aimed to assess hookah trends among White Americans. Methods: Two hundred and forty-five White American adults residing in southeast Michigan answered a self-administered standardized questionnaire that included basic demographics, socioeconomic status, and questions related to hookah smoking behavior. Logistic regression was used to determine risk indicators for hookah smoking. Results: The combined prevalence of hookah smoking in the White American study population was 19%, with 10% of the sample smoking hookah only and 9% smoking both hookah and cigarettes. Approximately 19% of respondents believed that smoking hookah was less harmful than smoking cigarettes. Significant risk indicators for smoking hookah were being younger than 22 years and living with a family member who used tobacco. Discussion: In addition to reporting the prevalence of use in this important group of potential users, we outline important sociodemographic risk factors for hookah use in a non-Arab American population. More research is needed with a larger population to better understand this new tobacco trend in order to curb a new potential health threat.
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| 9. |
- Lumley, Mark A., et al.
(author)
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The Relationship of Chronic and Momentary Work Stress to Cardiac Reactivity in Female Managers : Feasibility of a Smart Phone-Assisted Assessment System
- 2014
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In: Psychosomatic Medicine. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0033-3174 .- 1534-7796. ; 76:7, s. 512-518
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: To evaluate a wireless smart phone-assisted (SPA) system that assesses ongoing heart rate (HR) and HR-triggered participant reports of momentary stress when HR is elevated during daily life. This SPA system was used to determine the independent and interactive roles of chronic and momentary work stress on HR reactivity among female managers. Methods: A sample of 40 female managers reported their chronic work stress and wore the SPA system during a regular workday. They provided multiple reports of their momentary stress, both when triggered by increased HR and at random times. Relationships among chronic stress, momentary stress, and HR were analyzed with hierarchical linear modeling. Results: Both chronic work stress (b = 0.08, standard error [SE] = 0.03, p = .003) and momentary work stress (b = 1.25, SE = 0.62, p = .052) independently predicted greater HR reactivity, adjusting for baseline HR, age, smoking, caffeine, alcohol use, and momentary physical activity levels. More importantly, chronic and momentary stress significantly interacted (b = 1.00, SE = 0.04, p = .036); high momentary stress predicted elevated HR only in the context of high chronic stress. Conclusions: Female managers who experience chronic work stress displayed elevated cardiac reactivity during momentary stress at work. The joint assessment of chronic stress and momentary stress and their relationship to physiological functioning during work clarifies the potential health risks associated with work stress. Moreover, this wireless SPA system captures the immediate subjective context of individuals when physiological arousal occurs, which may lead to tailored stress management programs in the workplace.
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| 10. |
- Arfken, Cynthia L, et al.
(author)
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Alcohol use among Arab Americans : what is the prevalence?
- 2011
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In: Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1557-1912 .- 1557-1920. ; 13:4, s. 713-718
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Information is limited on alcohol use among Arab Americans. The purpose of this study was to describe and analyze the alcohol use pattern among Arab Americans by reviewing existing surveys using an acculturation model. Secondary data analysis. Nationally, English-speaking immigrant Arab Americans reported lower rates of lifetime alcohol use (50.8%), past month use (26.4%) and binge drinking (10%) than the White majority group. In a state survey, self-identified English-speaking Arab Americans were less likely to report past month use (45.6%) than the White majority group but reported similar rate of binge drinking (17.0%). Locally, lifetime drinking was reported by 46.2% of the immigrants but only 13.4% of refugees fleeing war. Few databases are available to estimate alcohol use pattern among Arab Americans; the limited data suggest a drinking pattern consistent with acculturation. However, the potential influence of other factors is unknown and needs to be investigated.
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