| 1. |
- Bèchet, Nicholas Burdon, et al.
(author)
-
Glymphatic pathways in the gyrencephalic brain
- 2021
-
In: Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. - 1559-7016.
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Identification of the perivascular compartment as the point of exchange between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial fluid mediating solute clearance in the brain, named the glymphatic system, has emerged as an important clearance pathway for neurotoxic peptides such as amyloid-beta. However, the foundational science of the glymphatic system is based on rodent studies. Here we investigated whether the glymphatic system exists in a large mammal with a highly gyrified brain. CSF penetration into the brain via perivascular pathways, a hallmark of glymphatic function, was seen throughout the gyrencephalic cortex and subcortical structures, validating the conservation of the glymphatic system in a large mammal. Macroscopic CSF tracer distribution followed the sulci and fissures showing that these folds enhance CSF dispersion. Three-dimensional renditions from light sheet microscopy showed a PVS influx density 4-fold larger in the pig brain than in mice. This demonstrates the existence of an advanced solute transport system in the gyrencephalic brain that could be utilised therapeutically for enhancing waste clearance.
|
|
| 2. |
- Shanbhag, Nagesh C., et al.
(author)
-
Impaired cerebrospinal fluid transport due to idiopathic subdural hematoma in pig : an unusual case
- 2021
-
In: BMC Veterinary Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1746-6148. ; 17:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: We report the effects of the presentation of an idiopathic subdural hematoma (SDH) in an adult domestic pig on the glymphatic system, a brain-wide solute clearance system. This accidental finding is based on our recently published study that described this system for the first time in large mammals. Our current results define the need to investigate cerebrovascular pathologies that could compromise glymphatic function in gyrencephalic animal models as a tool to bridge rodent and human glymphatic studies. Case presentation: The pig underwent intracisternal infusion of a fluorescent tracer under general anesthesia to delineate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pathways, and was euthanized at the end of 3 h of tracer circulation. During brain isolation, a hematoma measuring approximately 15 × 35 mm in size beneath the dura was evident overlying fronto-parietal brain surface. Interestingly, CSF tracer distribution was markedly reduced on dorsal, lateral and ventral surfaces of the brain when compared with a control pig that was infused with the same tracer. Furthermore, regional distribution of tracer along the interhemispheric fissure, lateral fissure and hippocampus was 4–5-fold reduced in comparison with a control pig. Microscopically, glial-fibrillary acidic protein and aquaporin-4 water channel immunoreactivities were altered in the SDH pig brain. Conclusions: This is the first case of impaired glymphatic pathway due to an idiopathic SDH in a pig. Potential etiology could involve an acceleration-deceleration injury inflicted prior to arrival at our housing facility (e.g., during animal transportation) leading to disruption of bridging veins along the superior sagittal sinus and impairing CSF pathways in the whole brain. This accidental finding of globally impaired glymphatic function sheds light on a novel consequence of SDH, which may play a role in the enhanced cognitive decline seen in elderly presenting with chronic SDH.
|
|
