| 1. |
- Andersson, Öivind, et al.
(author)
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The greenhouse gas emissions of an electrified vehicle combined with renewable fuels: Life cycle assessment and policy implications
- 2021
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In: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-2619. ; 289, s. 116621-116621
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A life cycle assessment is presented for a current vehicle’s greenhouse gas impact when using a combination of electrification and renewable fuels. Three degrees of electrification are considered: a hybrid electric vehicle, a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, and a battery-electric vehicle. These are combined with fuels with various degrees of renewable content, representing a fossil fuel, a first-generation biofuel and a second-generation biofuel. For charging, the 2020 European electricity mix is used and compared with an electricity mix of low greenhouse-gas intensity. Renewable fuels are found to have a greater potential to reduce the life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions than a low carbon electricity mix. The results are discussed in terms of the supply potential for renewable fuels on the fleet level. It is found that plug-in hybrid vehicles may enable the automotive sector to reach more ambitious climate goals than battery-electric vehicles. An assessment is also made of how the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions compare with the emissions as measured by current policy instruments. The discrepancies indicate that current climate policy instruments are inadequate for minimizing the automotive sector’s climate impact and suggestions for improvements are made.
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| 2. |
- Bennich, Therese, 1989-
(author)
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The transition to a bio-based economy : Toward an integrated understanding
- 2020
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The bio-based economy has gained increasing attention in societal and academic debates over the past two decades, and is argued to hold solutions to several pressing sustainability challenges. However, it is not yet clear if the high-reaching aspirations of the bio-based economy can be realized. The bio-based economy discourse has been criticized for being promissory, vague, and single-sector focused, thereby overlooking larger systemic impacts, trade-offs, and unintended consequences that may result from pursuing the goals of the bio-based economy. Against this background, this thesis aims to advance an integrated and systemic understanding of the transition to a bio-based economy and what it implies for sustainability. Sweden is used as an empirical case, where specific bio-based economy goals, as well as their interactions and sustainability outcomes, are examined. The focus is primarily on developments in the forestry, agriculture, and energy sectors. The analysis also seeks to identify how goals related to the bio-based economy are interconnected with goals promoted by parallel sustainability initiatives, specifically the 2030 Agenda and the associated Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Integration is achieved by using systems analysis tools and methods. Further, the weak and strong sustainability paradigms, and the opposing definitions of sustainability they provide, are used to assess the contribution of the bio-based economy to sustainability. The integrated analysis provides a detailed and operational conceptualization of transition pathways to a Swedish bio-based economy. The goals of the Swedish bio-based economy are divergent and broad-reaching, emphasizing that there is no general agreement on what the transition to a bio-based economy entails. The results point to multiple barriers that need to be addressed to realize the goals of the Swedish bio-based economy. Goal conflicts constitute one such barrier. These are found internal to as well as across the bio-based economy and the parallel 2030 Agenda. Additional hindrances include policy resistance, negative cross-sectoral spillovers, and patterns of path dependency. However, the results also highlight several opportunities for supporting the transition process in a Swedish context. These opportunities include the identification of goals and interventions with synergetic potential, which offer a basis for developing efficient implementation strategies with high systemic impact. There is also large potential to support cross-sectoral collaboration and learning, based on shared interests and challenges. Finally, the results emphasize the importance of better understanding and addressing perceptions about risk, conflict, legitimacy, and trust in the transition process.In terms of the overarching question of what the bio-based economy implies for sustainability, the results find that the bio-based economy has been contributing to developments that align primarily with weak sustainability. From the perspective of the strong sustainability paradigm, the prospects of the bio-based economy are less promising, potentially leading to outcomes that could worsen ongoing environmental and social issues. For the future, fundamental changes to the way the bio-based economy is conceptualized and implemented are needed for it to contribute to sustainability according to the notion of strong sustainability.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Björnsson, Lovisa, et al.
(author)
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Bioolja från befintliga kraftvärmeverk-en systemstudie : Sammanfattning av ett forskningssamarbete mellan Lunds Tekniska Högskola, Karlstad universitet och Kraftringen Energi
- 2021. - Rapport 123
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Reports (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Samhällets pågående omställning mot minskade utsläpp av växthusgaser kräver bland annat stora mängder fasta biobränslen och flytande biodrivmedel. Den svenska biobränslepotentialen domineras av bi- och restprodukter från skogen, som sågspån från sågverken och grenar och toppar (sk grot) från avverkning av skog. Att omvandla trä till flytande bränslen med hög omvandlingseffektivitet är utmanande, och kräver kommersialisering av ny och innovativ teknik. Behovet av flytande biodrivmedel i transportsektorn har därför hittills framför allt tillgodosetts genom import. Ett utökat och resurseffektivt utnyttjande av den inhemska potentialen av biomassa från skogen skulle kunna vara en viktig komponent i att nå både målet om ett fossilfritt samhälle och mål om miljömässig hållbarhet och spårbarhet för råvaran. Kraftvärmesektorn är i stora delar redan fossilfri och hanterar redan idag inhemska fasta bio-bränslen från skogen. I befintliga kraftvärmeverk finns potential för ökad nyttjandegrad av anläggningen, en befintlig infrastruktur för bränslehantering och möjlighet till värmeavsättning i fjärrvärmenät. Detta skapar förutsättningar för att i tillägg till el och värme komplettera med processer för produktion av flytande energibärare från inhemska, spårbara och hållbara biobränslen från skogen.I denna skrift sammanfattas ett forskningsprojekt där möjligheten att vidareutveckla en befintlig kraftvärmeanläggning genom integrerad produktion av pyrolysolja undersökts. Vi har ställt oss frågor som: Kan vi åstadkomma inhemsk produktion av flytande bränsle från skogsbaserade fasta biobränslen genom att kraftvärmeproduktion kombineras med pyrolysoljeproduktion? Kan detta förbättra konkurrenskraften för kraftvärmeverket vid ett framtida vikande behov av fjärrvärme inom bostadssektorn? Vad innebär möjligheten att bli producent av pyrolysolja både för egen förbrukning och för andra marknader som transportsektorn, för kraftvärmeverket och för klimatet?
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| 6. |
- Björnsson, Lovisa, et al.
(author)
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Integrating bio-oil production from wood fuels to an existing heat and power plant - evaluation of energy and greenhouse gas performance in a Swedish case study
- 2021
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In: Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments. - : Elsevier. - 2213-1388 .- 2213-1396. ; 48
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Combined heat and power (CHP) production in combination with a district heating (DH) grid gives an energy efficient use of wood fuels. The heat demand in the DH grid will, however, decline in the coming decades, and operators are seeking additional heat sinks. In this case study, the integration of a pyrolysis unit into an existing CHP plant was investigated as a possible solution. The retrofitted pyrolysis unit makes use of excess heat and yields a liquid bio-oil. Pyrolysis integrated with CHP production was shown to give a net energy yield of at least 80%, and to decrease the net heat output to the DH grid. The carbon footprint of the delivered heat was very low at maximum 1.6 g CO(2)eq/MJ. Prolonging the operation of the pyrolysis unit to periods without heat delivery to the DH grid would increase the use of existing installations, but at the cost of energy yields decreasing to 63-70%. Up to 2.8 PJ(LHV)/yr crude bio-oil could be produced at the investigated CHP plant. The bio-oil was shown to have a low carbon footprint, 1.7-4.0 g CO(2)eq/MJ(LHV), which makes it attractive for the rapidly expanding transport biofuel market.
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| 7. |
- Börjesson, Pål, et al.
(author)
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Bioenergins historik och framtid
- 2024
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In: Perspektiv på bioenergi : Biomassans framtida roll i en föränderlig värld - Biomassans framtida roll i en föränderlig värld. - 1102-3651. - 9789186961596 ; :Rapport Nr 133, s. 13-19
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 8. |
- Börjesson, Pål
(author)
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Länsvis tillgång på skogsbiomassa för svensk biodrivmedels- och bioflygbränsleproduktion
- 2021
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This study includes an updated analysis of the regional potential of forest-based residues and by-products in form of logging residues after final felling’s, bark in sawmills and pulp mills, sawdust in sawmills, and lignin from black liquor in pulp mills, as feedstocks for future production of biofuels and biojet fuels. The analysis also include calculations of theoretical transportation distances within different regions depending on which feedstock that is utilized and to what extent the feedstock is practical available. Finally, a discussion is performed regarding potential dynamic effects from a large-scale introduction of forest biomass-based biofuel/biojet fuel production in Sweden with respect to how the feedstocks are utilized today and potential future changes in this utilization, including energy efficiency improvements. The results shows a significant aggregated feedstock potential for biofuel/biojet fuel production and that the transportation distances could be reasonable, especially when a co-location with large-scale forest industries is utilized. A number of counties are shown to be especially attractive for the location of large-scale biofuel/biojet fuel production facilities due to their high density of logging residues in combination with a high existence of large-scale forest industries (sawmills and pulp mills) generating large volumes of by-products, which, in turn, leads to limited transportation distances. Examples of such counties are Västernorrland, Gävleborg, Värmland, Kalmar, and Halland.
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| 9. |
- Börjesson, Pål
(author)
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Potential för ökad tillförsel av inhemsk biomassa i en växande svensk bioekonomi – en uppdatering
- 2021
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This study include an updated analysis of the potential increase in the supply of biomass from forest, agriculture and aquaculture in Sweden until 2030 and 2050, respectively. The study is based on a previous assessment from 2016 but where the potential of different categories of biomass feedstocks is revised according to new knowledge and changed conditions during the last five years. The estimated potentials include technical, economic and ecological restrictions. The potential increase in biomass supply until 2030 is estimated to, on average, 50 TWh/yr (41-59 TWh/yr), which is equivalent to the previous assessment from 2016. However, there are changes regarding the supply from different biomass categories where, for example, the potential in form of stumps has been excluded but where the potential in form of by-products from the forest industry has increased. Regarding agriculture-based biomass feedstocks, the potential of brushwood harvesting has been added whereas the potential in form of energy crops on cropland has been reduced. Forest-based biomass account for two thirds of the total biomass potential whereas agriculture-based account for one third. The potential increase in biomass supply until 2050 is estimated to, on average, 67 TWh/yr (56-79 TWh/yr), which is almost 20% lower than the previous assessment from 2016. The main reason for this is a reduced potential in form of energy crops on cropland. In this case, forest-based biomass account for 60% of the total biomass potential whereas agriculture-based account for 40%. The potential of aquatic-based biomass is estimated to be rather small, around 1 TWh/yr 2050, which is similar to the previous assessment. How large share of the estimated biomass potentials that will be realized depends mainly on the development of EU and national political incentives within energy, climate and agriculture policies during the coming years.
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| 10. |
- Börjesson, Pål, et al.
(author)
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Skogen som energikälla
- 2024
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In: Perspektiv på bioenergi : Biomassans framtida roll i en föränderlig värld - Biomassans framtida roll i en föränderlig värld. - 1102-3651. - 9789186961596 ; :Rapport Nr 133, s. 21-28
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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