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- Blanco, Carlos, et al.
(author)
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Dark matter daily modulation with anisotropic organic crystals
- 2021
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In: Physical Review D. - 2470-0010 .- 2470-0029. ; 104:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aromatic organic compounds, because of their small excitation energies similar to O(few eV) and scintillating properties, are promising targets for detecting dark matter of mass similar to O(few MeV). Additionally, their planar molecular structures lead to large anisotropies in the electronic wave functions, yielding a significant daily modulation in the event rate expected to be observed in crystals of these molecules. We characterize the daily modulation rate of dark matter interacting with an anisotropic scintillating organic crystal such as trans-stilbene, and show that daily modulation is an similar to O(1) fraction of the total rate for small DM masses and comparable to, or larger than, the similar to 10% annual modulation fraction at largeDM masses. As we discuss in detail, this modulation provides significant leverage for detecting or excluding dark matter scattering, even in the presence of a non-negligible background rate. Assuming a nonmodulating background rate of 1/ min /kg that scales with total exposure, we find that a 100 kg . yr experiment is sensitive to the cross section corresponding to the correct relic density for dark matter masses between 1.3-14 MeV (1.5-1000 MeV) if dark matter interacts via a heavy (light) mediator. This modulation can be understood using an effective velocity scale v* = Delta E/q*, where Delta E is the electronic transition energy and q* is a characteristic momentum scale of the electronic orbitals. We also characterize promising future directions for the development of scintillating organic crystals as dark matter detectors.
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| 3. |
- Kubo, K., et al.
(author)
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Population differences in S-warfarin pharmacokinetics among African Americans, Asians and whites : their influence on pharmacogenetic dosing algorithms
- 2017
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In: The Pharmacogenomics Journal. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 1470-269X .- 1473-1150. ; 17:6, s. 494-500
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Using population pharmacokinetic analysis (PPK), we attempted to identify predictors of S-warfarin clearance (CL(S)) and to clarify population differences in S-warfarin pharmacokinetics among a cohort of 378 African American, Asian and white patients. Significant predictors of CL(S) included clinical (age, body weight and sex) and genotypic (CYP2C9*2,*3 and *8) factors, as well as African American ethnicity, the median CL(S) being 30% lower in the latter than in Asians and whites (170 versus 243 and 250 ml h(-1), P<0.01). The plasma S-warfarin (Cp(S)) time courses following the genotype-based dosing algorithms simulated using the PPK estimates showed African Americans with CYP2C9*1/*1 and any of the VKORC1 genotypes would have an average Cp(S) at steady state 1.5-1.8 times higher than in Asians and whites. These results indicate warfarin dosing algorithms should be evaluated in each respective ethnic population. Further study of a large African American cohort will be necessary to confirm the present findings.
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- Mauritzon, Stina, et al.
(author)
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Analysis of laser Doppler flowmetry long-term recordings for investigation of cerebral microcirculation during neurointensive care
- 2022
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In: Frontiers in Neuroscience. - : FRONTIERS MEDIA SA. - 1662-4548 .- 1662-453X. ; 16
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cerebral blood flow is monitored in the neurointensive care unit (NICU) to avoid further brain damage caused by secondary insults following subarachnoid hemorrhage and brain trauma. Current techniques are mainly snap-shot based and focus on larger vessels. However, continuous monitoring of the smaller vessels may help detect the onset of secondary insults at an earlier stage. In this study, long-term measurements of brain microcirculation with laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) were performed and evaluated. The aim was to identify and describe physiological signal variations and separate these from movement artifacts. Fiberoptic probes for subcortical LDF recordings of perfusion and total light intensity (TLI) were implanted in three patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Data were successfully collected and visualized in real-time over 4 days, resulting in 34, 12, and 8.5 h per patient. Visual observation, wavelet transforms, moving medians, and peak envelopes were used to identify and describe movement artifacts and physiological changes. Artifacts occurred in <5% of the total recording time and could be identified through signal processing. Identified physiological signal patterns included a slowly increasing perfusion trend over hours, vasomotion mainly at 2 cycles/min both in the perfusion and the TLI, and rapid, synchronized changes in the TLI and the perfusion on 38 occasions. Continuous LDF recordings indicating changes in the microvascular blood flow can increase the understanding of the microcirculation in the injured brain. In the long run, this may become a complement for the detection of secondary insults at an earlier stage than possible with todays techniques.
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| 6. |
- Nardi, Andrea
(author)
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Constructing agro-ecology in Northeast Argentina. Food production and local farmers’ markets in the province of Misiones
- 2015
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In my presentation I will seek to describe, analyse and reflect on the challenges and opportunities of agroecology in the province of province of Misiones, Northeaster Argentina, and the territorial dynamics generated from the promotion of a particular way to produce and trade food. My focus will be on the discourses and practices around food production for family consumption and for local markets and about ecological agriculture (or agro-ecology): its promises and constrains to be implemented. What kind of territorial dynamics are put forward by these new ideas and practices of agriculture production, environmental concern and small-scale agriculture? More specifically, what kind of society - nature relation is intended to be constructed and what does it means in terms of space - power production? In order to do so, I will explain the importance attributed to the discourse and practice of food production and agro-ecology by local actors and how they link it to poverty reduction and sustainable rural development. I present the actors involved, their discourses, practices and contradictions. I take into consideration as well the constraints to put forward this project and the construction of an ‘alternative rural development’. The food production proposal in Misiones takes place and need to be understood in the context of internationalization of the provincial economy and landscape (international agreements of biodiversity preservation) among other processes that link the local economies and politics to international interests (“globalization”). The advance of international capitals in the forestry and tourism sectors along with the increase in tobacco plantation commanded by international tobacco corporation and the end of public land to be occupied by family farmers have created different conflicts over natural resources (particularly land) that the alternative strategies of rural development and food production seek to address.
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- Patel, Harshida, 1958, et al.
(author)
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What do we know about women with Peripartum Cardiomyopathy?
- 2017
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In: Virginia Henderson Global Nursing e-Repository. - USA : Sigma Theta Tau.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Peripartum Cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a form of cardiac disease often associated with cardiac failure, occurring in late pregnancy or after childbirth (Sliwa et al., 2010). The anatomical and physiological changes in the mother associated with normal pregnancy are profound, and this may result in symptoms and signs that overlap with PPCM, leading to missed or delayed diagnosis (Germain and Nelson-Piercy, 2011). The aim of the study was to describe women’s experiences of symptoms of PPCM and received care, and identify the areas for improvement. Nineteen women were interviewed. The key themes were identified using content analysis. The main theme emerged is, The eternal suffering. The meaning of onset and occurrence of symptoms is captured in the metaphor: being caught in a spider web, comprising subthemes, invasion of the body by experienced symptoms and feeling of helplessness (Patel et al., 2016). The care experiences are captured in exacerbated suffering, comprising subthemes, not being cared about, not being cared for and not feeling secure (Patel et al., 2016). Symptoms related to Peripartum Cardiomyopathy started for 17 women during pregnancy and in 2 postpartum, and time from symptoms to diagnosis varied between 3–190 days (median 40). Although women expressed miscellaneous experiences of care, majority of them described being not cared in adequate manner. The suffering was present in relation to the illness with failing health symptoms, but most of all in relation to not being taken seriously and adequately cared for by healthcare professionals. The deprecation of symptoms and missed diagnosis of PPCM can lead to a life threatening consequences. To prompt timely diagnosis and avoid unnecessary suffering it is important to listen seriously to, and respect, women’s narratives and act on expressions of symptoms of peripartum cardiomyopathy, even those overlapping normal pregnancy symptoms. The analyses shows the importance of respecting women’s narratives and positive interactions with midwives and obstetricians as well as the knowledge gap is highlighted in the maternity care personnel.
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| 8. |
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Reach-tillsyn : Ett samverkansprojekt 2012—2013
- 2013
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- ojektet har genomförts i samverkan mellan Naturvårdsverket och Kemikalieinspektionen (KemI) där båda myndigheterna har haft en tillsynsvägledande roll. Projektet har riktat sig till landets länsstyrelser och kommuner som har utfört den operativa tillsynen. Syftet med projektet har varit att kontrollera att företag som använder kemiska produkter följer de skyldigheter som följer av Reach-förordningen. Naturvårdsverket och KemI genomförde introduktionsdagar för de tillsynsmyndigheter som ville delta i projektet vid sex tillfällen under september 2012. Under september 2012 till mars 2013 genomförde 70 kommunala myndigheter och 7 länsstyrelser drygt 700 inspektioner. Deltagande kommuner och länsstyrelser rapporterade sedan in resultaten från inspektionerna via ett rapporteringsformulär. Av rapporteringen framgår att företagen har haft en relativ god kunskap om säkerhetsdatabladen. De flesta har t.ex. haft rutiner för att följa de riskhanteringsåtgärder som anges i dem. Mer anmärkningsvärt är att bara hälften av företagen har rutiner för att kontrollera om de hanterar ämnen som omfattas av begränsningar, tillstånd eller kandidatlistan. Att så många av de inspekterade företagen inte har koll på detta är den största bristen av de resultat som redovisats i projektet. Den här bristen för också med sig frågan hur företagens arbete med substitution enligt miljöbalken fungerar. De ämnen som omfattas av tillståndskrav eller finns upptagna på kandidatförteckningen är sådana som är angelägna att byta ut. Det gäller även många av de ämnen som omfattas av begränsningar. Flera tillsynsmyndigheter påpekar att informationen under punkt 13 i säkerhetsdatabladen om avfall är genomgående dålig. Här behövs en allmän kunskapshöjning hos de som tar fram informationen i säkerhetsdatabladen. Exponeringsscenarier är ett område som många upplever som mycket svårt. Det gäller både att förstå reglerna kring exponeringsscenairer och att förstå innehållet i exponeringsscenarierna. Efter kommunernas och länsstyrelsernas inspektioner, inspekterade KemI sedan de primärleverantörer (importörer och tillverkare) som rapporterats ha större brister i produktinformationen (säkerhetsdatablad, exponeringsscenarier, märkning, etc.) Sammanlagt ledde 14 av de 49 tips som rapporterades in till att KemI vidtog åtgärder. Flera tillsynsmyndigheter uppger att såväl myndigheten som företagen varit positiva till de genomförda tillsynsbesöken. Några tillsynsmyndigheter uppger att Reach-tillsyn förmodligen inte hade prioriterats på länge om inte projektet hade genomförts. Samverkansprojektet har gett möjlighet för tillsynsmyndigheterna samt de inspekterade företagen att öka sin kunskap om Reach, vilket bidragit till att företagen har upprättat rutiner för att uppfylla de krav som finns på dem samt att tillsynen har blivit mer enhetlig mellan olika kommuner och länsstyrelser.
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| 9. |
- Antoniou, Antonis C., et al.
(author)
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A locus on 19p13 modifies risk of breast cancer in BRCA1 mutation carriers and is associated with hormone receptor-negative breast cancer in the general population
- 2010
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In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 42:10, s. 885-892
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Germline BRCA1 mutations predispose to breast cancer. To identify genetic modifiers of this risk, we performed a genome-wide association study in 1,193 individuals with BRCA1 mutations who were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer under age 40 and 1,190 BRCA1 carriers without breast cancer diagnosis over age 35. We took forward 96 SNPs for replication in another 5,986 BRCA1 carriers (2,974 individuals with breast cancer and 3,012 unaffected individuals). Five SNPs on 19p13 were associated with breast cancer risk (P-trend = 2.3 x 10(-9) to Ptrend = 3.9 x 10(-7)), two of which showed independent associations (rs8170, hazard ratio (HR) = 1.26, 95% CI 1.17-1.35; rs2363956 HR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.80-0.89). Genotyping these SNPs in 6,800 population-based breast cancer cases and 6,613 controls identified a similar association with estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer (rs2363956 per-allele odds ratio (OR) = 0.83, 95% CI 0.75-0.92, P-trend = 0.0003) and an association with estrogen receptor-positive disease in the opposite direction (OR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.01-1.14, P-trend = 0.016). The five SNPs were also associated with triple-negative breast cancer in a separate study of 2,301 triple-negative cases and 3,949 controls (Ptrend = 1 x 10(-7) to Ptrend = 8 x 10(-5); rs2363956 per-allele OR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.74-0.87, P-trend = 1.1 x 10(-7)).
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