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- Hansson, Isabelle, 1988, et al.
(author)
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Disentangling the Mechanisms of Retirement Adjustment: Determinants and Consequences of Subjective Well-Being
- 2020
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In: Work, Aging and Retirement. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2054-4650. ; 6:2, s. 71-87
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Retirement from work is a major life event requiring adaptation to new life circumstances. The resource-based dynamic model of retirement adjustment suggests that well-being will change due to changes in individual resources. In the present study, we test this hypothesis by investigating longitudinal and bidirectional associations between life satisfaction and perceived resources (i.e., self-esteem, autonomy, social support, self-rated physical health, self-rated cognitive ability, and financial satisfaction) over a 4-year period in the transition from work to retirement. Our sample included annual assessment data from 497 older adults (aged 60–66) in the population-based HEalth, Ageing, and Retirement Transitions in Sweden (HEARTS) study. Results from bivariate latent change score models showed weak but consistent associations between changes in perceived resources and changes in life satisfaction over the retirement transition. Analyses of cross-lagged effects also revealed bidirectional associations. Self-esteem, self-rated physical health, and total resource capability were positively related to changes in life satisfaction, and life satisfaction was positively related to changes in self-esteem, autonomy, self-rated physical health, and self-rated cognitive ability. The total resource capability accounted for 12% of the changes in life satisfaction in the first years following retirement. Life satisfaction accounted for 16% of the changes in autonomy in the transition from work to retirement. Our findings demonstrate that perceived resources are important for life satisfaction in the retirement transition, at the same time as overall life satisfaction accounts for how we perceive and evaluate our own resources during this process.
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| 2. |
- Hansson, Isabelle, 1988, et al.
(author)
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The Role of Personality in Retirement Adjustment: Longitudinal Evidence for the Effects on Life Satisfaction
- 2020
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In: Journal of personality. - : Wiley. - 0022-3506 .- 1467-6494. ; 88:4, s. 642-658
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Research on retirement suggests that personality can influence the adjustment process, but the mechanisms involved remain still largely unknown. In the present study, we investigate direct and indirect associations between the Big Five personality traits and life satisfaction over the retirement transition. Indirect effects were evaluated through the role of personality for levels and changes in self‐esteem, autonomy, social support, self‐rated physical health, self‐rated cognitive ability, and financial satisfaction. Method: Our sample consisted of 796 older adults (age 60–66) and four annual measurement waves from the longitudinal population‐based HEalth, Ageing, and Retirement Transitions in Sweden (HEARTS) study, including individuals retiring during the study period. Results: Results from multivariate latent growth curve analysis revealed multiple indirect associations between personality and life satisfaction. Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness were positively related to life satisfaction through higher levels of self‐esteem, autonomy, and social support. Neuroticism was negatively associated with life satisfaction through lower levels of self‐esteem and lower levels and negative changes in autonomy and social support. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that retirees with higher levels of Neuroticism are more vulnerable in the transition process and they are also more likely to experience adjustment problems resulting from negative changes in key resources.
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| 3. |
- Hed, Sara, et al.
(author)
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Gender differences in resources related to depressive symptoms during the early years of retirement: A Swedish population-based study
- 2020
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In: International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. - : Wiley. - 0885-6230 .- 1099-1166. ; 35:11, s. 1301-1308
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- © 2020 The Authors. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd Objectives: To examine levels of depressive symptoms during the early years of retirement in men and women and to investigate potential gender differences in associations with self-reported health, financial insecurity, social network and psychological resources. Methods: Data was drawn from the first wave in the Health, Aging and Retirement Transitions in Sweden-study (HEARTS) including a total sample of 1148 retirees, aged 60 to 66. Level of depressive symptoms and associations with health, financial insecurity, social network and psychological resources were investigated in regression analyses in the total sample and in bivariate correlation analyses in the subgroup at risk of depression as defined by a cut-off ≥9 on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Results: Mean CES-D scores were similar in men and women in the entire sample. The CES-D identified 144 individuals at risk of depression (men 14%, women 11%, n.s.). Although the pattern of related resources was similar in men and women, a greater proportion of the variance was explained in the male group (51% vs 37%). Health, quality of social network, social support and competence satisfaction were all correlated with depressive symptoms in men in the high risk group, but no associations were seen in women. Conclusions: Similar levels of depressive symptoms were observed in women and men in the retirement transition. However, the relevance of the selected resources may be greater in men. Research on the management of depressive symptoms in the transition between midlife and aging needs to take gender into consideration.
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| 4. |
- Henning, G., et al.
(author)
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Autonomy and loneliness - longitudinal within- and between-person associations among Swedish older adults
- 2022
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In: Aging & Mental Health. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1360-7863 .- 1364-6915. ; 26:12, s. 2416-2423
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives Loneliness is an important risk factor for mental and physical health over the life span. Little is known about psychosocial predictors and consequences of loneliness apart from social network characteristics. One important factor that may both prevent from, but also be affected by loneliness, is perceived autonomy. Method In the present study, we investigated the longitudinal association of loneliness and autonomy over four years among participants of the Swedish Health, Aging and Retirement Transitions in Sweden (HEARTS) study (n = 5718, age 60-66 at baseline). We used a latent curve model with structured residuals, which distinguishes within- and between-person associations and includes cross-lagged parameters. Results Higher levels of autonomy at baseline were associated with lower levels of loneliness, and increases in autonomy were associated with decreases in loneliness. When individuals felt more autonomous than usual, they also reported less loneliness. However, the cross-lagged paths were not significant, which means that autonomy did not predict loneliness over time on the within-person level, and loneliness did not predict autonomy over time. Conclusion Our findings show that higher autonomy was related to lower loneliness on different analytical levels, but the direction of effects is unclear. More research is needed to understand the development of this association over the life span.
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| 5. |
- Henning, Georg, et al.
(author)
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Do neuroticism and conscientiousness interact with health conditions in predicting 4-year changes in self-rated health among Swedish older adults?
- 2021
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In: Psychology and Aging. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0882-7974 .- 1939-1498. ; 36:6, s. 730-743
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Health conditions such as higher disease burden, pain, or lower functional health are associated with poorer self-rated health (SRH) in older age. Poorer SRH, in turn, is a predictor of morbidity and mortality. Personality traits are associated with SRH as well, but little is known about the interaction of personality and health conditions. In the present preregistered analyses, we used five annual waves of the Health, Aging and Retirement Transitions in Sweden (HEARTS) study (N = 5,823, M age = 63.09, SD = 2.01) to investigate the associations of personality (neuroticism and conscientiousness) and physical health indices (disease burden, pain, and functional limitations) with levels and change in SRH. In addition, we tested Personality × Health interaction effects. We found that higher neuroticism and lower conscientiousness were related to lower levels of SRH, but not to change in SRH after controlling for the health indices. Personality did not moderate the effect of health indices on levels and change in SRH. Exploratory analyses showed that high scores of neuroticism may augment the association of increased pain and functional limitations with declines in SRH. Additional studies with other samples are needed to test if this result can be replicated. Taken together, our findings provide only weak evidence for interaction effects of personality and physical health factors on SRH. More research is needed to understand the interplay of physical and psychological factors in shaping individual SRH. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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| 6. |
- Henning, G., et al.
(author)
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Retirement and Sexual Satisfaction
- 2023
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In: Gerontologist. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0016-9013. ; 63:2, s. 274-284
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background and Objectives Although interest in sexuality in older age has increased over the last decades, few studies have focused on longitudinal change in sexual satisfaction around retirement age. In the present study, we studied change in sexual satisfaction across retirement in a sample of Swedish older adults with a partner. Research Design and Methods Our analyses were based on n = 759 participants (359 male, 400 female) from the longitudinal Health, Aging, and Retirement Transitions in Sweden study. For this study, we used 5 waves spanning over a period of 4 years. Results On average, sexual satisfaction did not change significantly before retirement, but decreased after retirement. Interestingly, women showed higher sexual satisfaction than men, as well as a more positive development of both pre- and postretirement sexual satisfaction. Individuals with higher relationship satisfaction had a higher sexual satisfaction until retirement, but their sexual satisfaction also decreased faster after retirement, whereas those with lower relationship satisfaction showed a stable but lower sexual satisfaction. Discussion and Implications Sexual satisfaction can change in the retirement transition in several important ways and further studies on the impact of retirement and other late-life stage transitions are warranted.
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| 9. |
- Yoneda, T., et al.
(author)
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Increases in Neuroticism May Be an Early Indicator of Dementia: A Coordinated Analysis
- 2020
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In: Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1079-5014. ; 75:2, s. 251-262
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives Although personality change is typically considered a symptom of dementia, some studies suggest that personality change may be an early indication of dementia. One prospective study found increases in neuroticism preceding dementia diagnosis (Yoneda, T., Rush, J., Berg, A. I., Johansson, B., & Piccinin, A. M. (2017). Trajectories of personality traits preceding dementia diagnosis. The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 72, 922-931. doi:10.1093/geronb/gbw006). This study extends this research by examining trajectories of personality traits in additional longitudinal studies of aging. Methods Three independent series of latent growth curve models were fitted to data from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam and Einstein Aging Study to estimate trajectories of personality traits in individuals with incident dementia diagnosis (total N = 210), in individuals with incident Mild Cognitive Impairment (N = 135), and in individuals who did not receive a diagnosis during follow-up periods (total N = 1740). Results Controlling for sex, age, education, depressive symptoms, and the interaction between age and education, growth curve analyses consistently revealed significant linear increases in neuroticism preceding dementia diagnosis in both datasets and in individuals with mild cognitive impairment. Analyses examining individuals without a diagnosis revealed nonsignificant change in neuroticism overtime. Discussion Replication of our previous work in 2 additional datasets provides compelling evidence that increases in neuroticism may be early indication of dementia, which can facilitate development of screening assessments.
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