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- Birney, Ewan, et al.
(author)
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Prepublication data sharing
- 2009
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In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 461:7261, s. 168-170
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Rapid release of prepublication data has served the field of genomics well. Attendees at a workshop in Toronto recommend extending the practice to other biological data sets.
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- Gullström, Martin, et al.
(author)
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Övervakning av makrovegetation i Bottniska viken– en vägledning
- 2009
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- SammanfattningVi rekommenderar att dyktransekter enligt den nationella undersökningstypenförVegetationsklädda bottnar, ostkust (Naturvårdsverket 2004) används vidövervakning av makrovegetation. Metoden ger möjlighet till hög taxonomisknoggrannhet och kan svara upp mot i stort sett alla förvaltningsuppdrag. Denfungerar bra för att beskriva djuputbredning och täckningsgrad av arter.Skattningarna kan även omräknas till täckningsindex. Tyvärr finns det ingenfullständig metodbeskrivning. För att säkerställa kvalitén i nationella databaseroch underlätta upphandling av inventeringsuppdrag för myndigheterna bör entydlig metodbeskrivning omgående tas fram. Av samma orsaker behövs ävenmetodikkurser anordnas och i kombination med kontinuerlig interkalibrering avtäckningsgradsskattning och artbestämning kan en ackreditering av utföraregenomföras.När det gäller att designa ett miljöövervakningsprogram så bör syftet medövervakningen först definieras. Att övervaka klimatförändringen, övergödningeneller följa upp ekologisk status i vattenförekomster styr hur programmet sättsupp. Ett brett program med transekter spridda från inner till ytter skärgård dvs. iskärgårdsgradienten och en metod som har bra taxonomisk (och rumslig)upplösning ger möjlighet att nyttja data för fler syften.Vår rekommendation när det gäller att designa ett övervakningsprogram för attfölja upp storskaliga förändringar är att inte lägga stationerna alltför nära lokalautsläppskällor. Om stationerna ska användas som referens till recipienter ska dedock inte placeras för långt ut, så att de enbart beskriver förhållanden längst ut iskärgårdsgradienten.Vi rekommenderar att programmet bör följa upp flera responsvariabler t.ex.djuputbredning av arter, täckningsgrad, och diversitet. På detta sätt ökar chansenatt programmet fångar upp framtida, okända förändringar. Det är också enförutsättning för att nyttja transekterna för fler förvaltningssyften.Bottensubstrat är en av de faktorer som har störst betydelse förmakrovegetationens sammansättning och täckningsgrad. Det är viktigt att tahänsyn till detta när framtida analyser av data görs. Det är troligtvis en mycketviktig faktor när det gäller att stratifiera placering och bestämma antalet stationervid uppbyggnad av ett övervakningsprogram. I Bottniska viken är det mycketvanligt med transekter med blandade substrat eller att transekterna relativt snabbtövergår från hårdbotten till mjukbotten eftersom kusten är på många ställenflack. Detta är probelmatiskt för övervakning av ekologisk status kopplat tilldjuputbredning av arter.Våra analyser av djuputbredning och täckningsindex inom fyra skärgårdsområdenvisar att man med fördel kan stratifiera sina provpunkter utifrånvågexponering. Syftet med undersökningen bestämmer dock var i skärgårdendessa lokaler bör ligga.
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3. |
- Newton-Cheh, Christopher, et al.
(author)
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Genome-wide association study identifies eight loci associated with blood pressure
- 2009
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In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 41:6, s. 666-676
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Elevated blood pressure is a common, heritable cause of cardiovascular disease worldwide. To date, identification of common genetic variants influencing blood pressure has proven challenging. We tested 2.5 million genotyped and imputed SNPs for association with systolic and diastolic blood pressure in 34,433 subjects of European ancestry from the Global BPgen consortium and followed up findings with direct genotyping (N <= 71,225 European ancestry, N <= 12,889 Indian Asian ancestry) and in silico comparison (CHARGE consortium, N 29,136). We identified association between systolic or diastolic blood pressure and common variants in eight regions near the CYP17A1 (P = 7 x 10(-24)), CYP1A2 (P = 1 x 10(-23)), FGF5 (P = 1 x 10(-21)), SH2B3 (P = 3 x 10(-18)), MTHFR (P = 2 x 10(-13)), c10orf107 (P = 1 x 10(-9)), ZNF652 (P = 5 x 10(-9)) and PLCD3 (P = 1 x 10(-8)) genes. All variants associated with continuous blood pressure were associated with dichotomous hypertension. These associations between common variants and blood pressure and hypertension offer mechanistic insights into the regulation of blood pressure and may point to novel targets for interventions to prevent cardiovascular disease.
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- Arvidsson, Martin, et al.
(author)
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Multidimensional psychophysics : Surface feel of printing paper as a function of physical properties
- 2009
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In: Fechner Day 2009. - Galway, Irland : International Society for Psychophysics. ; , s. 215-220
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The aim of this experiment was to explore the perception of tactile surface-feel of 21 printing papers. A multidimensional scaling (MDS) experiment was conducted with 20 women. They scaled similarity among all possible pairs of the papers. Similarity measurements were mapped by INDSCAL and modeled with PREFMAP. Test-retest and concordance coefficients were high. It is not yet established what physical properties best determine tactile feel. It seems likely though that finger friction and surface roughness are strong contenders. Finger friction for the papers was measured as a ratio of friction force to normal force;(while stroking a human finger on the surface. Average surface roughness was measured with a profilometer. Physical properties were rotated into the 3D INDSCAL solution. This solution identified and mapped the tactile surface feel of the papers in an interpretable way with regard to i.e. friction, surface roughness and weight.
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6. |
- Berglund, Eva C., et al.
(author)
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Run-off replication of host-adaptability genes is associated with gene transfer agents in the genome of mouse-infecting Bartonella grahamii
- 2009
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In: PLoS genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7404. ; 5:7, s. e1000546-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The genus Bartonella comprises facultative intracellular bacteria adapted to mammals, including previously recognized and emerging human pathogens. We report the 2,341,328 bp genome sequence of Bartonella grahamii, one of the most prevalent Bartonella species in wild rodents. Comparative genomics revealed that rodent-associated Bartonella species have higher copy numbers of genes for putative host-adaptability factors than the related human-specific pathogens. Many of these gene clusters are located in a highly dynamic region of 461 kb. Using hybridization to a microarray designed for the B. grahamii genome, we observed a massive, putatively phage-derived run-off replication of this region. We also identified a novel gene transfer agent, which packages the bacterial genome, with an over-representation of the amplified DNA, in 14 kb pieces. This is the first observation associating the products of run-off replication with a gene transfer agent. Because of the high concentration of gene clusters for host-adaptation proteins in the amplified region, and since the genes encoding the gene transfer agent and the phage origin are well conserved in Bartonella, we hypothesize that these systems are driven by selection. We propose that the coupling of run-off replication with gene transfer agents promotes diversification and rapid spread of host-adaptability factors, facilitating host shifts in Bartonella.
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- Berglund, Karin, et al.
(author)
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Technology-driven discovery as a catalyst for entrepreneurial action : A case study of the implementation of information technology in a group of firms
- 2006
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In: Managing Customer Relationships on the Intenet. - : Elsevier Science ltd. Pergamon, Amsterdam, London, Oxford. - 0080441246 ; , s. 55-69
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Technological change is an important aspect of the entrepreneurial process, and this paper views both the implementation and the use of new technology as integrated parts of this process. Based on a case study of implementation of a new information technology, we identify three components in the process: discovery, planning and entrepreneurial action. The case demonstrates that planning at the beginning often is taut as the actors’ knowledge about the processes is low. However, when the process produces discoveries, the firms move from taut to loose planning, which means that establishment of plans and execution of plans tend to merge and are no longer two distinct and separate activities. The case also indicates that discoveries are an integrated part of the implementation of the new technology and that they are related to planning. The time between the event causing the discovery and the insight that the firm has found something that was largely novel can be short, a situation we label immediate discovery. But there are also situations in which there is a lead-time between the event and the insight that the firm has made a discovery, which, in turn, results in a significant lead-time between the event causing the discovery and the entrepreneurial action. This type of discovery is called postponed discovery. We can distinguish three types of entrepreneurial action that result from discoveries. These are concerned with the direction, extension, and pace of the process.
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