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- Berntorp, Erik, et al.
(author)
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Standardization and clinical utility of thrombin-generation assays.
- 2008
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In: Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 1098-9064 .- 0094-6176. ; 34:7, s. 670-682
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Thrombin generation is a key process that determines the extent of a hemostatic plug or a thrombotic process. The ensuing thrombin burst is crucial for the formation of a stable fibrin clot. During its active life, thrombin exerts a multitude of highly regulated actions on the blood and the vessel wall, including the clotting of fibrinogen. The inappropriate generation of thrombin may lead to pathologic processes, foremost of which are hemorrhagic or thrombotic diseases. The coagulation system is usually investigated by means of two in vitro classic clotting tests, the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT), which assess only time to initiation of clot formation and do not entirely reflect global hemostatic balance. The APTT and PT permit identification of connectivity between the component activities identified as required for plasma coagulation and define the concept of intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways, which converge at the point of formation of the prothrombinase complex. However, the mechanisms established by in vitro tests are not always mirrored in the human pathologies associated with bleeding or thrombosis. The recent development of newer tests based on the continuous registration of thrombin generation under in vitro conditions that mimic more closely what occurs in vivo prompt a reinvestigation of the balance between procoagulants and anticoagulants in patients with various hemostatic disorders. Thrombin-generation assays not only provide an overall assessment of hemostasis but also target potential extrahemostatic effects of the generated thrombin, a potent agonist of a multitude of cellular activation pathways. Moreover, estimation of an individual's thrombin-generation potential may correlate more closely with a hypercoagulable or hypocoagulable phenotype when compared with traditional coagulation tests. In this review, we discuss to what extent thrombin generation can be expected to reflect the clotting function of blood, the development and use of different thrombin-generation assay systems suitable for detecting changes in the kinetics of thrombin generation, and the clinical utility of thrombin generation.
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- Dahl, Nils G Göran
(author)
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Kuf, forskare och nazist
- 2007
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In: Expo. - 1400-9846. ; 13:2, s. 42-43
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- A short text on Herman Wirth, an esoteric nazi, with the focus on his period in Sweden 1948-53 (which builds on my own research)
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- Ekman Rising, Marianne, et al.
(author)
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Hur vill vi ha det? : Varje dag
- 2011
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In: Universitetsläraren. - Stockholm : Sveriges Universitetslärarförbund (SULF). - 0282-4973. ; :10-11, s. 27-30
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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- Gauffin, Karl
(author)
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Embodiment of inequality : the translation of childhood social inequality to alcohol related health disparities later in life
- 2015
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis aims to increase knowledge regarding the translation of childhood social inequality to alcohol related disparities later in life. Four empirical studies focus on different dimensions of childhood social inequality and identify a clear connection between childhood social disadvantage and alcohol related disorders in young adulthood. The studies are based on data from Swedish national registers which include a large number of social, demographic and health related variables for the entire population born between 1973 and 1984 (n= 948 518). This cohort is followed from birth to adulthood using Cox and logistic regression analyses to measure the association between the childhood factors and alcohol related hospital care later in life. Low socioeconomic position, low school performance and experience of childhood household dysfunction were associated with alcohol related disorders to varying degrees in both men and women. School performance in particular was strongly related to the outcome and adjustment for school marks led to a complete attenuation of the socioeconomic gradient in alcohol related disorders. Alcohol related disorders result from a combination of two factors: high exposure and high vulnerability to alcohol. National public health surveys report very modest socioeconomic differences in total consumption levels and prevalence of binge drinking, which does not reflect the large alcohol related health inequalities presented and discussed in this thesis. Instead, this thesis emphasises social inequality in vulnerability to alcohol as a plausible mechanism explaining the results. A privileged socioeconomic background without any experience of household dysfunction provides children with good opportunities for school success, which paves the way for a good higher education and a well-paid profession. The many resources that such a person accumulates over the lifetime may serve as a buffer that compensates for the potentially adverse health effects of high alcohol consumption. In contrast, a person from disadvantaged social circumstances may be more likely to face poverty, stress and general health problems which can increase the probability that high alcohol consumption will lead to illness. The relationship between childhood social inequality and alcohol related health disparities later in life can be conceptualised as a form of embodiment of social privilege and disadvantage. During this process the physical and social environment is biologically incorporated and may materialise as health conditions. The embodiment of inequality makes individuals more or less vulnerable to the adverse consequences of alcohol and may partly explain the alcohol related health inequalities found in Sweden.
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- Han, W., et al.
(author)
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Cranial irradiation induces transient microglia accumulation, followed by long-lasting inflammation and loss of microglia
- 2016
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In: Oncotarget. - : Impact Journals, LLC. - 1949-2553. ; 7:50, s. 82305-82323
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The relative contribution of resident microglia and peripheral monocyte-derived macrophages in neuroinflammation after cranial irradiation is not known. A single dose of 8 Gy was administered to postnatal day 10 (juvenile) or 90 (adult) CX3CR1(GFP/+) CCR2(RFP/+) mouse brains. Microglia accumulated in the subgranular zone of the hippocampal granule cell layer, where progenitor cell death was prominent. The peak was earlier (6 h vs. 24 h) but less pronounced in adult brains. The increase in juvenile, but not adult, brains was partly attributed to proliferation. Microglia numbers then decreased over time to 39% (juvenile) and 58% (adult) of controls 30 days after irradiation, largely as a result of cell death. CD68 was expressed in 90% of amoeboid microglia in juvenile hippocampi but only in 9% of adult ones. Isolated hippocampal microglia revealed reduced CD206 and increased IL1-beta expression after irradiation, more pronounced in juvenile brains. CCL2 and IL-1 beta increased after irradiation, more in juvenile hippocampi, and remained elevated at all time points. In summary, microglia activation after irradiation was more pronounced, protracted and pro-inflammatory by nature in juvenile than in adult hippocampi. Common to both ages was long-lasting inflammation and the absence of monocyte-derived macrophages.
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