| 1. |
- Gohari, A., et al.
(author)
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Adaptation of surface water supply to climate change in central Iran
- 2014
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In: Journal of Water and Climate Change. - : IWA Publishing. - 2040-2244 .- 2408-9354. ; 5:3, s. 391-407
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Optimal reservoir operation changes and adaptation strategies for the Zayandeh-Rud River Basin's surface water supply system are examined for a changing climate during the 2015–2044 period. On average, the monthly temperature in the basin is expected to increase by 0.46–0.76 °C and annual precipitation is expected to decrease by 14–38% with climate change, resulting in a reduction of the Zayandeh-Rud's peak stream flow and the amplitude of its seasonal range. Snowfall decrease in winter months will generally lead to an 8–43% reduction in annual stream flow under climate change. A reservoir operation model is developed and optimal reservoir operation strategies are identified for adaptation of the basin's surface water supply to climate change in the face of the increasing water demand. Results indicate that the reservoir drawdown season starts 2 months earlier under climate change. Smaller storage levels and greater water releases must occur to meet the increasing water demand. The optimized water release can provide sufficient water for non-agricultural water demand, but agriculture will experience more severe water shortage under a changing climate. Having the highest vulnerability, the agricultural sector should be the main focus of regional management plans to address the current water challenge and more severe water shortages under climate change.
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| 2. |
- Mourad, Khaldoon A., et al.
(author)
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Modeling tool for air stripping and carbon adsorbers to remove trace organic contaminants
- 2012
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In: International Journal of Thermal Environmental Engineering. - : International Association for Sharing Knowledge and Sustainability. - 1923-7308 .- 1923-7316. ; 4:1, s. 99-106
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Removal of trace organic contaminants from aqueous solutions by air strippers (AS) and fixed bed carbon adsorper (FBCA) has been studied. A trace organic treatment tool has been developed to capture and adapt the best-known designprocedures and to have all regulated trace organics, their physical and chemical properties, and the corresponding maximum concentration limits. Outputs include the selected treatment method and the final design parameters of airstripper or fixed bed carbon adsorber. Running the model shows that water temperature is a very important factor in designing AS and FBA. It also shows that the best air pressure values, in AS, ranged between 150 -200 ATM. And there is a big relation between the column size and the packing material. On the other hand, it shows that FBA diameter has an obvious effect on the needed volume, and the best values ranged between 1.2 – 2.5 m.
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| 3. |
- Mourad, Khaldoon A., et al.
(author)
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Potential fresh water saving using greywater in toilet flushing in Syria.
- 2011
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In: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 92:10, s. 2447-2453
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Greywater reuse is becoming an increasingly important factor for potable water saving in many countries. Syria is one of the most water scarce countries in the Middle East. However, greywater reuse is still not common in the country. Regulations and standards for greywater reuse are not available. Recently, however, several stakeholders have started to plan for greywater reuse. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the potential for potable water saving by using greywater for toilet flushing in a typical Syrian city. The Sweida city in the southern part of Syria was chosen for this purpose. Interviews were made in order to reflect the social acceptance, water consumption, and the percentage of different indoor water uses. An artificial wetland (AW) and a commercial bio filter (CBF) were proposed to treat the greywater, and an economic analysis was performed for the treatment system. Results show that using treated greywater for toilet flushing would save about 35% of the drinking water. The economic analyses of the two proposed systems showed that, in the current water tariff, the payback period for AW and CBF in block systems is 7 and 52 years, respectively. However, this period will reduce to 3 and 21 years, respectively, if full water costs are paid by beneficiaries. Hence, introducing artificial wetlands in order to make greywater use efficient appears to be a viable alternative to save potable water.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Bouksila, F., et al.
(author)
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Electromagnetic induction prediction of soil salinity and groundwater properties in a Tunisian Saharan oasis
- 2012
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In: Hydrological Sciences Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0262-6667 .- 2150-3435. ; 57:7, s. 1473-1486
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Electromagnetic induction measurements (EM) were taken in a saline gypsiferous soil of the Saharan-climate Fatnassa oasis (Tunisia) to predict the electrical conductivity of saturated soil extract (ECe) and shallow groundwater properties (depth, Dgw, and electrical conductivity, ECgw) using various models. The soil profile was sampled at 0.2 m depth intervals to 1.2 m for physical and chemical analysis. The best input to predict the log-transformed soil salinity (lnECe) in surface (0-0.2 m) soil was the EMh/EMv ratio. For the 0-0.6 m soil depth interval, the performance of multiple linear regression (MLR) models to predict lnECe was weaker using data collected over various seasons and years (R-a(2) = 0.66 and MSE = 0.083 dS m(-1)) as compared to those collected during the same period (R-a(2) = 0.97, MSE = 0.007 dS m(-1)). For similar seasonal conditions, for the Dgw-EMv relationship, R-2 was 0.88 and the MSE was 0.02 m for Dgw prediction. For a validation subset, the R-2 was 0.85 and the MSE was 0.03 m. Soil salinity was predicted more accurately when groundwater properties were used instead of soil moisture with EM variables as input in the MLR.
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| 6. |
- Carlsson, Eva, 1959, et al.
(author)
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Concerns and quality of life before surgery and during the recovery period in patients with rectal cancer and an ostomy
- 2010
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In: Journal of Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nursing (WOCN). - : Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. - 1071-5754 .- 1528-3976. ; 37:6, s. 654-661
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: Rectal cancer is the most common reason for a person to undergo ostomy surgery. The aim of this study was to assess concerns and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) before surgery and during the first 6 months following ostomy surgery in the presence of rectal cancer. SUBJECTS AND SETTINGS: The sample comprised 57 patients at a university hospital in Gothenburg, Sweden. Their median age was 66 years (range, 30-87); 35 men and 22 women participated in the study. METHODS: Participants prospectively answered questionnaires preoperatively, and at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively.Concerns were assessed using the rating form of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patient Concerns, and HRQOL was evaluated using the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey. Results were compared with population norms. RESULTS: Participants expressed concerns associated with developing cancer, being a burden on others, and related to the uncertain nature of disease. Health-related quality of life scores dropped significantly in 6 of 8 domains when preoperative scores were compared to those obtained 1 month postoperatively, but scores improved at 6 months. There were significant differences between preoperative study group scores and population norms on physical and emotional role function, social function, and for mental health domains. Significant differences persisted when population norms were compared to study group scores 6 months following surgery on all these domains except mental health. Participants identified good relations with significant others, social and leisure activities, psychological issues, and health as important for maintaining QOL. Obstacles to maintaining QOL included fatigue, pain, illness-induced limitations in life, and worries over what their new life would entail. CONCLUSION: Surgical management of rectal cancer raises concerns and profoundly impairs QOL during the first several postoperative months. © 2010 Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society.
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| 7. |
- Hamed Abd El Mageed, Yasser, et al.
(author)
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Assessment of heavy metals pollution and microbial contamination in water, sediments and fish of Lake Manzala, Egypt
- 2013
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In: Life Science Journal: Acta Zhengzhou University Overseas Edition. - 1097-8135. ; 10:1, s. 86-99
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The objective of this study is to assess the heavy metals pollution and microbial contamination in water, sediments and fish of Lake Manzala and study the direct and indirect effect for disposal of waste water, industrial and agricultural drainage water into the lake on the environmental situation. Samples were collected from four different sites in the lake and one site in the drain. The selected sites are exposed to direct and indirect industrial, municipal waste water and agricultural drainage disposals. A site near the connection between the lake and the sea was chosen as a possible unpolluted site to compare. Three water samples and one sediment sample were collected monthly from each site for thirteen months. Fish samples (Oreochromis niloticus) were collected randomly for eight months from different sites of the lake. Water salinity and pH values were measured to each site. Water, sediment and fish samples were analyzed for the concentration of five major heavy metals (Mn, Cd, Zn, Pb and Cu), and two groups of bacteria (Total viable bacteria TVB - faecal coliform bacteria FCB). Results show that all the water and sediment samples were collected from five sites contain different concentration of the five tested heavy metals. The highly polluted site with Zn, Pb, Cu in sediment was found in the drain as a result of the industrial disposal. The highly polluted site with Zn and Cu in water and Cd in sediment was found in site near the industrial area as a result of direct disposal of factories nearby. Although the site near the connection between the sea and the lake was assumed to be the purest site, It was found contained a maximum concentration of Pb in water. It is possibly due to the disposal from a new natural gas factories located near this area. All the five sites were contaminated with high rate of TVB and FCB in water which is an indicator of untreated waste water which spilled directly or indirectly to the lake. The most alarming result was found when analyzing fish; all the fish samples were contaminated on surface and internally with very high amounts of TVB and FCB at gill and intestine. Fish samples also had high concentrations of analyzed heavy metals at their flesh. The mean calculated value of Pb was high up to 38 times than the allowed permissible concentration. This confirms that lake fish is highly polluted and dangerous for human health.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- MacCabe, J. H., et al.
(author)
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Decline in Cognitive Performance Between Ages 13 and 18 Years and the Risk for Psychosis in Adulthood A Swedish Longitudinal Cohort Study in Males
- 2013
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In: Jama Psychiatry. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-622X .- 2168-6238. ; 70:3, s. 261-270
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Context: Clear evidence from many prospective, population-based studies indicates that patients who Objective: To assess the influence of cognitive developmental trajectories in adolescence and young Design: Longitudinal cohort study. Setting: Academic research. Population-Based Cohorts: Four population-based cohorts of adolescent boys and young men born in Exposure: Scores on tests of verbal, spatial, and inductive ability at age 13 years and in equivalent tests Main Outcome Measure: Hospital admissions for non-affective or affective psychoses in adulthood. Results: A relative decline (compared with the unaffected population) in verbal ability between ages 13 Conclusions: A relative decline in cognitive performance in adolescence and young adulthood
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| 10. |
- Mourad, Khaldoon A., et al.
(author)
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Analysis of agricultural production in Syria from a virtual water flow perspective
- 2012
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In: Journal of Agricultural Science and Applications. - 2227-6475. ; 1:3, s. 60-66
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Abstract in UndeterminedIn this paper, the agricultural status in Syria regarding virtual water flow is presented. Crop patterns, area, yield, and water consumption in agriculture are discussed. The historical change in crop pattern and the cultivated land is analyzed. The embedded water in different crops and the virtual water flow due to agriculture products were estimated. It was found that the annual imported and exported virtual water from agricultural products are about 14580 and 1790 Million Cubic Meters (MCM), respectively. The economic analysis shows that citrus, tomatoes, and potatoes have high values of gross profit to water use ratio GP/WU, while sugar beet and cotton have low values.
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