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- Hansson, T., et al.
(author)
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Long-term monitoring of the health status of female perch (Perca fluviatilis) in the Baltic Sea shows decreased gonad weight and increased hepatic EROD activity
- 2006
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In: Aquatic Toxicology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0166-445X. ; 79:4, s. 341-355
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Annual investigations of the health status of female perch (Perca fluviatilis) were performed during 8-13 years in order to detect long-term, large-scale changes in the Baltic Sea. These background data are also meant to be used as baselines in recipient investigations at various point sources in the Baltic Sea. Fish were sampled at three coastal sites in Sweden: two in the Baltic Proper (since 1988) and one in the Bothnian Bay (since 1993). In all, 19 biochemical, physiological and histopathological variables were measured. By reflecting central functions of life, such as red blood cell functions, immune defence, liver function, biotransformation processes, intermediary metabolism, ion balance, and reproduction, the selected variables give a good picture of the health status of the fish. The most important observations were strong trends towards decreased gonadosomatic index (relative gonad size) and increased hepatic EROD activity in female perch in the Baltic Proper. Most of the other variables varied little between the years. The reduced gonad size and the EROD induction indicate that factors in the environment, e.g. the occurrence of pollutants, affect important physiological functions, such as reproduction and biotransformation processes, in fish even in a reference area in the Baltic Proper. It is urgent to make further studies in order to identify which pollutant(s) or other possible cause(s) are responsible for the observed biological effects. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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- Helander, B., et al.
(author)
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Ingestion of lead from ammunition and lead concentrations in white-tailed sea eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) in Sweden
- 2009
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In: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 407:21, s. 5555-5563
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this study we show for the first time that lead poisoning from ammunition is a significant mortality factor for white-tailed sea eagle (WSE) (Holiaeetus albicilla) in Sweden. We analyzed 118 WSEs collected between 1981 and 2004 from which both liver and kidney samples could be taken. A total of 22% of all eagles examined had elevated (>6 mu g/g d.w.) lead concentrations, indicating exposure to leaded ammunition. and 14% of the individuals had either liver or kidney lead concentrations diagnostic of lethal lead poisoning (>20 mu g/g d.w.). Lead concentrations in liver and kidney were significantly correlated. In individuals with lead levels <6 mu g/g, concentrations were significantly higher in kidney than in liver; in individuals with lead levels >20 mu g/g, concentrations were significantly higher in liver. The lead isotope ratios indicate that the source of lead in individuals with lethal concentrations is different from that of individuals exhibiting background concentrations of lead (<6 mu g/g d.w.) There were no significant sex or age differences in lead concentrations. A study from the Baltic reported in principle no biomagnification of lead, but background lead concentrations in WSE liver in this study were still four to >10 times higher than concentrations reported for Baltic fish from the same time period. in contrast to other biota there was no decrease in lead concentrations in WSE over the study period. The proportion of lead poisoned WSE remained unchanged over the study period, including two years after a partial ban of lead shot was enforced in 2002 for shallow wetlands. The use of lead in ammunition poses a threat to all raptors potentially feeding on shot game or offal. The removal of offal from shot game and alternatives to leaded ammunition needs to be implemented in order to prevent mortality from lead in raptors and scavengers.
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- Holmström, K. E., et al.
(author)
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Temporal trends of PFOS and PFOA in guillemot eggs from the Baltic Sea, 1968-2003
- 2005
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In: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 39:1, s. 80-84
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) have recently been identified as ubiquitous environmental contaminants. Although they have been produced for 50 years, little is known about when they first appeared in the environment and how their concentrations have changed over time, particularly in response to the phase-out-of PFOS, which began in 2000. In this study temporal trends in the concentrations of PFOS and PFOA in the Baltic Sea marine environment were measured using archived guillemot eggs. Samples collected from Stora Karlso (Sweden) between 1968 and 2003 were received from an environmental specimen bank and concentrations of PFOS and PFOA were analyzed using HPLC coupled to ESI-MS/MS. PFOA was not detected in any of the samples (LOD 3 ng/g), but there was an almost 30-fold increase in PFOS concentrations in the guillemot eggs during the time period, from 25 ng/g in 1968 to 614 ng/g in 2003 (wet weight). Regression analysis indicated a significant trend, increasing on average between 7 and 11% per year. A sharp peak in PFOS concentrations was observed in 1997 followed by decreasing levels up to 2002, but this cannot be linked to the PFOS phase-out, which occurred at the end of this period.
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