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- Björkdahl, Annika, et al.
(author)
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Friction in Transitional Justice Processes : The Colombian Judicial System and the ICC
- 2021
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In: International Journal of Transitional Justice. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1752-7716 .- 1752-7724. ; 15:3, s. 636-657
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- With the aim of understanding how the International Criminal Court (ICC) affects peace processes, this article examines the Colombian peace and justice processes through the lens of friction. It investigates frictional encounters between the Colombian judicial system and the ICC, in order to reveal the tensions in this relationship. First, we disaggregate the concept of friction and propose three different types of frictional encounters - conceptual, normative and jurisdictional - in transitional justice processes. Second, we investigate different responses to these frictional encounters, such as compliance, adaptation, co-option and resistance. Finally, we find that responses to frictions generate hybrid judicial outcomes, such as a hybrid, intersubjective understanding of justice, a hybrid sanctioning regime as well as hybrid complementarity. The article concludes that the ICC influenced the Colombian peace process, while the Colombian judicial system complied with the requirements of the ICC thereby demonstrating agency, flexibility and innovation and ensuring its judicial sovereignty.
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- Björkdahl, Annika, et al.
(author)
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Gender and transitional justice
- 2020. - 2
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In: An Introduction to Transitional Justice. - Abingdon : Taylor & Francis. - 9781003021414 - 9780367532758 - 9780367893668
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This chapter focuses on three gendered justice gaps–the accountability, acknowledgement and reparations gaps–and unmask transitional justice as a site for the long-term construction of a gendered post-conflict order. It begins by defining and conceptualising the role of gender analysis in transitional justice, followed by a brief historical overview of the policy and practice accomplishments and shortcomings so far. The permanent International Criminal Court with a seat in The Hague has built upon the work of the two ad hoc tribunals. The treaty that established the court and governs it, the Rome Statute, refers to gender-based violence as a possible war crime. On a theoretical level a great number of questions remain unresolved and it is pertinent to problematise some of the assumptions and outcomes of research so far. Transitional justice practices aim to right wrongs in the past, institutionalise the rule of law and new juridical and normative frameworks, as well as prevent the recurrence of violence and future harms.
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- Björkdahl, Annika, et al.
(author)
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Gender equality and local governance : Global norms and local practices
- 2020
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In: Governance for Urban Services : Access, Participation, Accountability, and Transparency - Access, Participation, Accountability, and Transparency. - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 2198-2554 .- 2198-2546. - 9789811529733 - 9789811529726 ; , s. 107-126
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- From the global to the local level, gender inequality is the most persistent and entrenched challenge to development. The local level of governance is closest to citizens. Decisions taken at this level have the most direct effect on citizen’s everyday lives, as improvements in living, working and leisure conditions depend on good local governance. This chapter focuses on local government. It attempts to describe in detail practical steps toward the localization and realization of SDG #5 at the local level by mapping how to improve, from a gender perspective, the analysis, monitoring, participation, decision-making and access to services to citizens at the local level in order to develop good local governments that serve all citizens. The aim of this chapter is to understand the processes of implementing SDG #5 with focus on urban local governance. We develop a theoretical framework to understand how global norms are translated into local practices. Moreover, we examine policy framework and practices in three municipalities in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), Visoko, East Ilidža and Žepče to implement SDG #5, tools available and used for SDG implementation and actors involved in these processes at the municipal level. The research is based on fieldwork, qualitative text analysis, interviews and surveys in each of the three municipalities to map the use of tools to implement and mainstream gender equality into the decision-making processes, policies and practices at the local level.
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| 5. |
- Björkdahl, Annika, et al.
(author)
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Introducing Space for Peace
- 2022
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In: Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1750-2977 .- 1750-2985. ; 16:5, s. 536-544
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Space for Peace is a Special Issue that advances the spatial turn in peace and conflict studies. It brings to the fore the purchase of using space as an analytic category by advancing spatial theorization and providing empirical case studies. This introduction draws out the main tenets of spatial approaches and responds to the question: Why space? Moreover, it outlines the chapters in the Special Issue and provides some thoughts about future research.
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| 6. |
- Björkdahl, Annika, et al.
(author)
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Methodologies for feminist peace research
- 2021
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In: Routledge Handbook of Feminist Peace Research. - London : Routledge. - 9780429024160 - 9780367109844 ; , s. 40-49
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This chapter focusses on the question of “how” in research. It argues that critical methodologies are key to the development of theory in feminist peace research. The chapter discusses some central skills and sensitivities of the feminist peace researcher such as reflexivity, critical scrutiny, and attendance to power relations. It outlines three broad methodological approaches that are particularly influential as powerful vehicles for feminist peace research: first, the chapter discusses ethnography with a focus on the analytical framing of the everyday, the contextualisation of agency, and the close reading of embodiment and experiences. Second, it outlines methodologies that seek to unpack the construction of gendered discourses and representations. Third, it discusses the role of quantitative methodologies and provides some examples of how the work to identify patterns and causal relations can forward a feminist peace research agenda. Separate or combined, these approaches conduct critical epistemological and ontological work and advance theory on gender, peace, and conflict.
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| 7. |
- Björkdahl, Annika, et al.
(author)
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Peacebuilding and Spatial Transformation
- 2020
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In: The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Peace and Conflict Studies. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783030117955 ; , s. 1-1
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 8. |
- Björkdahl, Annika, et al.
(author)
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Places of Pain and Spaces of Silence : Re-Visiting a Bosnian Rape Camp
- 2023
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In: Geopolitics. - 1465-0045 .- 1557-3028.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The relation between gender, silence, place and space is theorised in this article through an analysis of the former rape camp Vilina Vlas in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Combining a spatial perspective with narrative analysis, we dissect spatial practices and narrative silences that shape and reshape a particular place defined by gendered violence. We suggest that ‘places of pain’ and ‘spaces of silence’ are co-constituted through a lack of acknowledgement and spatial erasures, as well as the making and breaking of silences. Our investigation discloses how places of gendered violence are hidden, transformed and forgotten and how women exposing them are silenced and rejected, yet still continue to resist and speak out. The article sheds light on the long-term consequences of gendered violence in war and contributes to the growing research agenda on gendered geographies of violence.
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- Björkdahl, Annika, et al.
(author)
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Space for Peace : A Research Agenda
- 2022
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In: Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1750-2977 .- 1750-2985. ; 16:5, s. 659-676
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Spatial analysis of peace and conflict is slowly but steadily gaining traction. As a new and innovative approach, it focuses on the mutual construction of spaces and agency in a field that has thus far merely considered space as a backdrop against which war, violence, and peace unfold. Conceptually borrowing from disciplines such as geography, anthropology, and others, in this article we propose three avenues for analysing spaces for peace: spatial practices, spatial dynamics, and space formations. Given the novelty of the spatial perspective in peace and conflict studies, we also offer some thoughts on methodology, data collection, and knowledge production.
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| 10. |
- Björkdahl, Annika, et al.
(author)
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Spaces of Peace
- 2021
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In: The Oxford Handbook of Peacebuilding, Statebuilding, and Peace Formation. - : Oxford University Press. - 9780197576410 - 9780190904418 ; , s. 139-151
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This chapter shows that war-making and peace-making “take place” and that sometimes the legacy of conflict obscures manifestations of peacebuilding. The analysis of a “bridge that divides” in the city of Mitrovica in northern Kosovo and a “wall that unites” in Belfast, Northern Ireland, casts light on the benefits that a spatial reading of peace can provide to understand the ways in which spatial infrastructures are lived by the people who use them. The process of space-making (the generation of meanings from a material location) will help explain the agency that emerges by the creators, users, and inhabitants of (post)conflict spaces.
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